智能小车中英文对照外文翻译文献.doc

中英文资料对照外文翻译

Intelligent Vehicle
Our society is awash in “machine intelligence” of various kinds.Over the last century, we have witnessed more and more of the “drudgery” of daily living being replaced by devices such as washing machines.
One remaining area of both drudgery and danger, however, is the daily act ofdriving automobiles. 1.2million people were killed in trafficrashes in , which was 2.1% of all globaldeaths and the 11th ranked cause of death . If this tre continues, an estimated 8.5 million people will be dying every year in road crashes . in fact, the U.S. Department of Transportation has estimated the overall socie cost of road crashes annually in the United States at greater than $230 billion . when hundreds or thousands of vehicles are sharing the same roads at the same
time, leading to the all too familiar experience of congested traffic. Traffic conge undermines our quality of life in the same way air pollution undermines public health.Around 1990, road transportation professionals began to apply them to traffi and road management. Thus was born the intelligent transportation system (ITS). Starting in the late 1990s, ITS systems were developed and deployed。In developed countries, travelers today have access to significant amounts of information about travel conditions, whether they are driving their own vehicle or riding on public transit systems.
As the world energy crisis, and the war and the energy consumption of oil -- and are full of energy, in one day, someday it will disappear without a trace. Oil is n resources. So in oil consumption must be clean before finding a replacement. With t development of science and technology the progress of the society, people invented the electric car. Electric cars will become the most ideal of transportation.
In the development of world each aspect is fruitful, especially with the automobile electronic technology and computer and rapid development of the information age. The electronic control technology in the car on a wide range of applications, the application of the electronic device, cars, and electronic techno not only to improve and enhance the quality and the traditional automobile electric performance, but also improve the automobile fuel economy, performance, reliability and emissions purification. Widely used in automobile electronic products not only reduces the cost and reduce the complexity of the maintenance. From the fuel injection engine ignition devices, air control and emission control and fault diagno to the body auxiliary devices are generally used in electronic control technology, a development mainly electromechanical integration. Widely used in automotive electronicontrol ignition system mainly electronicontrol fuel injection system, electronic control ignition system, electronic control automatic transmission, electronic control (ABS/ASR) control system, electronic control suspension system, electronic control power steering system, vehicle dynamic control system, the airba systems, active belt system, electronic control system and the automatic air-conditioning and GPS navigation system etc. With the system response, the use function of quick car, high reliability, guarantees of engine power and reduce fuel consumption and emission regulations meet standards.
The car is essential to modern traffic tools. And electric cars bring us infinit will give us the physical and mental relaxation. Take for example, automatic transmission in road, can not on the clutch, can achieve automatic shift and engine flameout, not so effective improve the driving convenience lighten the fatigue strength. Automatic transmission consists mainly of hydraulic torque converter, gea transmission, pump, hydraulic control system, electronicontrol system and oil cooling system, etc. The electronic control of suspension is mainly used to cushion the impact of the body and the road to reduce vibration that car getting smooth-goin and stability. When the vehicle in the car when the road uneven road can according t automatically adjust the height. When the car ratio of height, low set to gas or oil cylinder filling or oil. If is opposite, gas or diarrhea. To ensure and improve the of driving cars driving stability. Variable force power steering system can significantly change the driver for the work efficiency and the state, so widely use electric cars. VDC to vehicle performance has important function it can according t the need of active braking to change the wheels of the car, car motions of state a optimum control performance, and increased automobile adhesion, controlling and stability. Besides these, appear beyond 4WS 4WD electric cars can greatly improve the performance of the value and ascending simultaneously. ABS braking distance is reduced and can keep turning skills effectively improve the stability of the direct simultaneously reduce tyre wear. The airbag appear in large programs protected the driver and passenger'safety, and greatly reduce automobile in collision of drivers and passengers in the buffer, to protect the safety of life.
Intelligent electronic technology in the bus to promote safe driving and that the other functions. The realization of automatic driving through various sensors. Excep some smart cars equipped with multiple outside sensors can fully perception of information and traffic facilities and to judge whether the vehicles and drivers in
danger, has the independent pathfinding, navigation, avoid bump, no parking fees etc Function. Effectively improve the safe transport of manipulation, reduce the pilot fatigue, improve passenger comfort. Of course battery electric vehicle is the key, electric car battery mainly has: the use of lead-acid batteries, nickel cadmium batt the battery, sodium sulfide sodium sulfide lithium battery, the battery, the battery flywheel zinc - air fuel cell and solar battery, the battery. In many kind of cell fuel cell is by far the most want to solve the problem of energy shortage car. Fue have high pollution characteristics, different from other battery, the battery, nee only external constantly supply of fuel and electricity can continuously steadily. F cell vehicles (FCEV) can be matched with the car engine performance and fuel economy and emission in the aspects of superior internal-combustion vehicles.
ic car from ordinary consumers distance is still very far away, only a few pAlon
with the computer and electronic product constantly upgrading electric car, open cla in mature technology and perfected, that drive more safe, convenient and flexible, comfortable. Now, the electreople in bandwagon. Electric cars with traditional to compete in the market, the car
Will was electric cars and intelligent car replaced. This is the question that after timing will come. ABS, GPS, and various new 4WD 4WS, electronic products and the modern era, excellent performance auto tacit understanding is tie-in, bring unparalleled precision driving comfort and safety of driving.
The hardware and software of the intelligent vehicle are designed based on AVR.This system could set the route in advance. The vehicle could communicate with the PC vianRF401 and could run safely with the help of ultra sound detection and infrared measuring circuit.Neural network self- study is used to improve the intelligence of the vehicle.
The performance of servo systems will determine the property of the robot． Based on AVRseries MCU，the velocity servo system for driving motor is created in this paper，including a discrete PIregulator which will work out a PWM control signal with applying the skill of integral separation． The velocities of motors will be controlled real － time with the speed sampling frequency set for 2KHz by using the AVR-GCC compiler software development． Compared to the servo system development based on the 51 Series MCU，the system here has these advantages of simpler peripheral circuit and faster data processing． The experiments demonstrate that，the mobile robot runs stably and smoothly by the control of AVR units，and that the design proposal especially benefits the development of intelligent mobile robots， also can be widely used in the development of other smart devices and product lines．
A new design of contest robot cont rol system based on AVR Atmega8 was put forward. According to the character of contest robot , the main cont rol unit , mo drive unit , sense detection unit and LCDdisplay unit wereintroduced. Furthermore servo driver system based on MCBL3006S , the line t racker sensor system and the obstacle avoidance sensor system were presented in detail. Finally the performance showsthat the cont rol system is open , simple , easy programming , intelligent an efficiency.
Avoidance rules of intelligent vehicle obstacle are introducted. Through the collection of infrared sensor formation, the rules use diode D1 to launch and diode D2 to receive infrared signals. Infrared transmitter signal without a dedicated cir comes directly from the MCU clock frequency, which not only simplifie the circuit and debugging, but also make the circuit stability and anti- jamming capability great enhanced. After the experimental verification, the system runs reliably meet the design requirements.
A smart car control sys tem of the path informat ion identif ied based on CCD camera was introduced. The hardware s truc ture and scheme were designed. The contro l strategy of s teering mechanismwas presented. T he smart car not only can identify the road prec isely, but also have antinterference performance, and small s teady state error.
This article designed smartcar system,includes the aspects of the sensor information acquisition and processing, motor drive, control algorithm and control strategy etc.Using laser sensor to collect the road information which can feedback the microcontroller control system,then making analytical processing combined with the software.With velocity feedback and PID control algorithms to control steering engine and the speed of smartcar.Verifiedby actual operation, this method makes smartcar travel stably and reliably，and its average speed to reach 2.6m /s, and get a satisfied results.
By the aid o f the pro fessio na l know ledge of contr ol, patter n recog niti senso r t echnolog y, aut omotive elect ronics, elect ricit y, computer, machiner y so on, an intelligent vehicle system is designed with PID control a lg orithm,CCD detection system and H C9SDG128 M CU. Codew arr ior IDE integr ated dev elo pment pro gr amming env ir onment is taken as a basic softw are platform t hat can aut omatically deal w ith the traffic and image pro cessing, and then adjust the mo ving direction along the scheduled or bit by t he aid of a CCD camera. The system has many advantages, such as hig h r eliability , high stability, good speedability and scalability.
Based on the research background of the Free-Scale smart car competition， a smart trackfollowing car is designed. In the car, the photo electricity sensor is us check the path and obtain the information of racing road, andcalculate the error between the car and the black line. The fuzzy control is used to control the velocit the car. The experiments show that the smart car based on the fuzzy control has hig accuracy on the judgment of the path, stability and velocity control.
In the wake of the computer and information revolutions, motor vehicles are undergoing the most dramatic changes in their capabilities and how they interact wit drivers since the early years of the century.
In 1908, Henry Ford's Model T exemplified major breakthroughs in automotive design. Not only did its interchangeable parts inaugurate easy and economical mass production, but its "user-friendly" operation allowed almost anyone to drive. Nearl
90 years later, the motor vehicle is resembling less and less Ford's simple machine and quickly becoming a complex "mobile computer", capable of acting as a navigator, a safeguard, and even, a second driver. These new capabilities will not only chang how we drive; intelligent vehicles could also enhance transportation services, save lives, and bolster the competitiveness of U.S. industries.
However, intelligent vehicles aren't quite here. Instead, the components that make vehicles smarter -- new information, safety, and automation technologies -- are arriving on the market as piecemeal accessories, offered either as optional equipmen by new vehicle manufacturers or as speciality components by after-market suppliers.
These technologies are being developed and marketed to increase driver safety, performance, and convenience. These individual technologies, howyet ver, have to be integrated to create a fully intelligent vehicle that works cooperatively with the driver.
The automotive industry is already aware of and addressing potential problems associated with the uncoordinated influx of technology. But their progress is hampered by technical and economic obstacles, uncertain consumer interest, and insufficient standards and guidelines. Also, neither original vehicle manufacturers government regulators (unless safety problems are clearly proven) have control over after-market products, especially their use in trucks and buses. However, without a
"human-centered" design approach for the intelligent vehicle that attempts to integra and coordinate various technologies, we may not only lose the opportunity to realiz the benefits offered by new in-vehicle technologies, but we could inadvertently degrade driving safety and performance.
Recognizing the importance of smart vehicles and the potential for unintended consequences if human factors are not placed at the center of their design, DOT launched the Intelligent Vehicle Initiative (IVI) in 1997. This initiative aims to accelerate the development, availability, and use of integrated in-vehicle systems t help drivers of cars, trucks, and buses operate more safely and effectively.
The 1980s television series "Knight Rider" featured an intelligent vehicle that could leap moderately tall buildings, drive itself at seemingly supersonic speeds, on bad guys, and had the diction and personality of an English butler. The car was n only smart, but smart-alecky. Although intelligent vehicles in the real world will be able to fly over standing traffic, they will have formidable capabilities. As envisioned by IVI, smart vehicles will be able to give route directions, sense obje warn drivers of impending collisions, automatically signal for help in emergencies, keep drivers alert, and may ultimately be able to take over driving.
The use of information- and computer-based technologies in motor vehicles, however, is not new. Widescale computerization of motor vehicles began in the 1980s with technologies designed to enhance vehicle operation and driver comfort. These technologies included electronic fuel injection to control engine performance, pa