自考00015英语二重点语法复习笔记.doc

自考00015英语二重点语法复习笔记

资料仅供参考
虚拟语气是把作者想陈述的动作当成一种只存在于讲话人想象中的“假设”或“推测”，而不是当作客观现象中真实事件。它表示的是怀疑、忧虑、推测、假设、想象或祝愿等。该语法现象应用在非真实条件中，包括虚拟条件句、推测条件句和错综复杂条件句。这里所说的非真实条件句，大家便会联想到if这个词，如果我们在句子中看到if引导的条件从句是以动词的过去式作为句子的主要谓语的话，我们就应基本设定它为虚拟语气。
如果句子中出现了wish这个词，我们应该明白要考虚拟了。Wish如果在句子中表示的是与现在事实相反的结果，如果考系动词，一定要选择were；如果没有系动词，只是一个简单的动词，那么我们要选择它的过去式；第二，如果wish表示的是与过去事实相反的结果，那么我们就用had+过去分词（或would/could+ have+过去分词）；如果wish表示的是将来没有把握或不太可能实现的愿望，用would/should(could, might)+动词原形。看几个例子：
I wish she were here.对现在的虚拟，而且出现系动词了，用were.
I wish she had taken my advice.从句意了解到，这个动作应该发生在过去，因此虚拟， 虚拟应该用动词的过去完成式（当然里面可能会出现被动形式had been done）.
I wish you would go with us tomorrow.表示的是将来没有有把握实现的愿望，用would+ to 的形式。
实战一下：
A: You have made some mistakes.
B:I wish I____ mistakes every day.
A. don’t make B. haven’t c. wouldn’t have made D. didn’t make
every day 足以说明对现在的虚拟，应用动词的过去式，选D。
A：What would you wish to do if you were a college student again?
B: That’s very hard to say, but I wish I____
A. have not studied psychology B. did study psychology
C. had studied psychology D. studied psychology
句子中出现了were ,说明是对过去的虚拟，应用过去完成式，选C。
I didn’t go to the football match, but I do wish I___ there.
A. went B. was C. were D. had been
句子中出现了动词的过去式didn’t go to, 说明是对过去的虚拟，选择过去完成式，选D。

if only 在虚拟语气中的解题技巧
它表示的是“要是…就好了”。从这种翻译的语意当中我们能够体会到：说话人是出于一种愿望或遗憾/后悔的心情。这就需要用虚拟的情况，如果它是对现在没有实现的愿望的虚拟，后面考点一定要用动词的过去式，如果表示对过去没有实现的愿望的虚拟，后面的考点一定要用动词的过去完成形式（当然也会出现有被动语态的情况，小心！）举例：
If only I could speak several foreign languages! 这句话明显是说话人对过去发生事情的一种遗憾心情，证明结果并没有找到，因此我们用动词的过去完成形式。
Look at the terrible situation（局面） I am in ! If only I____ your advice.
A. follow B. had followed C. would follow D. have followed
解析：从句意中我们体会到，这人的做法是没有听她的的意见。应选B（动词的过去完成式）
If only I___ the examination!
A. have passed B. pass C. will pass D. passed
解析：“我要是考试能及格该多好啊！”属于有些心虚的那种感叹或祝愿。能够体会出是对现在/未来的虚拟，选D。
If only she ___of Aunt Ruth!（露丝）
A. was not so terribly frightened（害怕） B. would be so not terribly frightened
C. will not be so terribly frightened D. were not so terribly frightened
解析：虚拟语气中be 的用法仅为were/should be 形式，不可能出现is/was/has/will/shall等形式。
排除A和C，那么if only 后面 有两种动词形式能够出现：过去式和过去完成式，选择D。
If only I_____ how to operate a computer!
A. learned B. would learn C. have learned D. had learned
解析：排除B和C，说话人对自己不能使用计算机表示遗憾，是对过去没能掌握计算机的遗憾，选D。

记牢下面这些动词，它们主要的考点是要考查你知不知道这些词一旦出现，后面要用虚拟的状态。当然，这些动词会在句子中充当谓语，一般都会以它的过去式出现，后面都接that从句，从句中必然有一条横线，要求你来选择或填写从句中的虚拟动词状态。我们称之为用在一些动词后面的宾语从句的虚拟考点，这些词包括suggest（建议）,propose,command,request,desire,insist,require,decide,order,promise,ask ,
move,recommend,advise,urge,demand,instruct,direct,provide,etc,这些词汇一旦出现，我们应立即反应出它要考我虚拟了，后面从句中的谓语动词用（should）+动词原形do (当然包括被动状态be done,这要根据具体的句意来定，一般能够这样来考虑：如果横线前面是人，横线里一定要填do/be done;如果横线前面是物，不是人，那肯定填写be done).
They requested that he sing a song。我们必须首先发现requested, 看到后马上反应出后面一定是原形动词，只不过能够是主动，可能是被动。
She insisted that the seats be booked in advance. 首先发现insisted.
实战：The city council ordered spitting_____ on the streets.
A. was prohibited(禁止) B. is prohibited C. be prohibited D. be prohibiting
解析：虽然ordered 后面没有that ,被动，选C。
The teacher recommended（推荐） that Jack _D_ maths or physics instead of English because he was quick at numbers.
A. must study B. could study C. studied D. study
The doctor urged（催促） that she __C__ an operation as early as possible.
A. had B. has C. have D. would have
The manager of the hotel requested that their guests ___ after 11:00p.m.
A. not to play loud music B. shouldn’t play loud music C. don’t play loud music
D couldn’t loud music
解析：选B，should既能够省略，也能够添加。
He suggested __D _to tomorrow’s exhibition(展览) together.
A. us to go B. we went C. we shall go D. we go
一般情况下在考虚拟语气的时候，横线前面的那个词多为第三人称he/she/Jack人名等。

回顾：
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3. I didn’t go to the party, but I do wish I __C___ there.华夏大地教育网^K4q`n M
a. was   b. were   c. had been    d. went
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华夏大地教育网 z#}j6K|I4. It is time we ____B__ up our results.华夏大地教育网6E b `}TH:\x
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(U b[?Lq7x3655687华夏大地教育网2d(YQ%b'Dku]6. I enjoyed the movie very much. I wish I ___D___ the book from which it was made.
)g4{Nr)w,mO#A3655687a. have read    b. should have read    c. am reading    d. had read
Mj \Qf;i.\3655687 华夏大地教育网8VUq1M#]|@si:解析:答案正确.从句意分析wish后是对过去的虚拟,用过去完成.况且另三个答案A,B,C从形式上都不符合虚拟语气的要求!恭喜恭喜!华夏大地教育网 j8C9U+]T9MoI(Zw%U
Ef1F&v6XY4c;I36557. It is strange that such a thing ___C___ in your school.
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c. she will make a shirt  d. she would had made a coat
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N8ldx解析:这题又晕了!它说的含义是"我原来能够向她解释的",这是对过去事实相反的虚拟句子,应该选D.况且后面有would。
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华夏大地教育网VhBDE9f!Ft华夏大地教育网5M8weO.su#^用在一些名词后的主语从句、表语从句和同位语从句中，这些词包括：necessary,imperative（命令）,important,essential（要素、必要的）,advisable（可取的、明智的）,ordered,proposed（推荐）,desired（渴望）,requested,suggested（建议）,recommended（劝告）,demanded（要求、询问）,decided(用于主语从句中，形式为It is ...that),order,instruction,motion（移动）,advice,demand,necessity, decision（决定n）,proposal(提出),requirement, idea,recommendation,request,plan,desire等（用于同位语从句或表语从句），这时谓语动词用动词原形或should+动词原形。
练习：It is necessary that some immediate effort（努力、成就） __(made).
解析：前面出现了necessary that,后面肯定虚拟了，用原形。或者再一看横线前不是人，填原形的被动be made2k%F;A
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It is necessary that a university student _B_at least one for foreign language.
A. maintains B. maintain C. will maintain D shall maintain
It is recommened that the project __B__ until all the preparations have been made.
A. is not started B. not be started C. will not be started D. is not to be started
I don’t think it advisable that Tom __to the job since he has no experience.
A.is assigned B. will be assigned C, be assigned D. has been assigned（分配）
答案：前面出现advisable that ,后面原形，被动，选C。
“What are the qualifications of a good teacher?”（资格、学历）
“It is essential that he __A_strict with his students.”
A. be B. will be C. can be D. could be
所谓同位语从句，简单地说，就是前面出现了一个名词，而后面的从句内容是对前面名词的再解释和体现。当然这些名词也很好记，把那些需要记住的动词和形容词就行了。如：require---requirement,recommend—
recommendation等。表语从句类推。
He issued the order that the troops（军队）_____ (withdraw撤回) at once.
解析：前面出现order that ,后面原形，填写withdraw.
It is my desire that all the members of the family ____ (gather聚集) once a year.

回顾：
The local（地方的）health organization is reported _C__ twenty-five years age when Dr. Adudon became its first president. （总统）
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C. to have been set up D. having been set up
解析:学员选的是D.我们来分析一下."地方保健组织据报道25年前就成立了".首先你应弄清楚组织成立在前,还是据报道在前?肯定是成立在前吧.只有成立了才能被报道啊!这里一定有完成.排除A,B.另外,report后要求用动词不定式样结构,因此选C.
Although the lecture（讲座） had already been on for five minutes，I still was not able to find a chair_C___.

['tT-\UWF3655687 华夏大地教育网6mm*I#wp uA. to sitB．for to sit on C．to sit on D．for sitting
0p-O3Xs(z?3655687 华夏大地教育网 p%?X,AR)T8n}解析:sit是不及物动词,你还记得有个词组sit down吗?后面应该有个介词给予搭配,因此选C. 华夏大地教育网jkF$Gi%}'}9K j
Lots of empty boots were found under the old man’s bed. He must have done nothing but ____A__.华夏大地教育网VZ
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$^e;[*pm8y3655687A. drink B. to drink C. drinking D. drunk
华夏大地教育网PX w%[.u| 解析:这是一个习惯用语,have nothing but do,经过这个结构,我们能够自然而然地解出答案是A.
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例：It is high time that we were off.
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实战一下，你觉得快不快！华夏大地教育网$v.z8f/z}R T'I4_
It is time A about the traffic problem downtown（市中心的）.华夏大地教育网,E Dz1nV
A.something was done B. anything will be done C. everything is done D. nothing to be done华夏大地教育网w*nM-wYE6cb
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解析：前面见到了It is time that...后面考点一定是动词的过去式，但要注意有的句子里会有被动情况发生，需要小心！选A。华夏大地教育网 {)Z]0j+wRK
It’s already 5 o’clock now. Don’t you think it’s about time C ?
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Everybody has arrived. It’s time we D the meeting.
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在for fear that, in order that, in case,lest引导的目的状语从句中， 谓语动词一般用should(could, might)+动词原形。华夏大地教育网iV AKS
He reminded her twice of it lest she (should) forget. (remind:提醒)
Jnb:q:j]7e.g5~3655687I will not make a noise for fear that I (should, might) disturb you.华夏大地教育网S/|"~!mgi4Sl
The students are working hard for fear that they B in the exam.华夏大地教育网0kHYPiK2TIh t
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解析：见到for fear that，后面原形，选B。注意有时可能出现被动。
You’d better take an umbrella （伞）with you in case it A .华夏大地教育网+v:]X
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A. should rain B. will rain C. have rained D. can rain华夏大地教育网?6d2v]P.SS
The mad man was put in the soft-padded cell lest he A himself.华夏大地教育网m{&@B;PC
A.     injure（伤害） B.had injured C.injured D.would injure华夏大地教育网b Q&Y~rE[2R
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Tony doesn’t dare（ 敢） to leave the house in case B .
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华夏大地教育网U lC$f^ @pqSinclair is working hard for fear that he C .
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1、以as if(as though)引导的方式状语从句或表语从句，从句表示与现在事实相反，谓语动词用一般过去式，表示与过去事实相反，用had+过去分词。表示将来的可能性不大，用 would(might, could)+动词原形(后面这个考试中不经常出现，但不怕一万，就怕万一)。
He talks as if he knew all about it.(因为前面有talks，说明是对现在的虚拟,后面应用过去时)。华夏大地教育网.F,q*t:eL|:A
I feel as if we had known each other for years.(句意很简单，同时有明显的时间状语for years，说明对过去的虚拟，后面用过去完成时)。
It isn’t as if he were poor.(前面出现isn't，说明对现在的虚拟，后面用过去时，同时注意：系动词be在虚拟语气里不可能出现is/was，只能用were或原形be动词)。
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She speaks English as if she C an Englishman.
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Franklin looked as though he D ill for a long time.华夏大地教育网 }/C RRZ
A. was B. were C. has been D. had been 前面动词过去时，后面过去完成时，选D。
Kitty talks as if she B on the spot.(场所、斑点)华夏大地教育网i)Xb4`3T5i.w'@
A. is B.were C.has been D.be
Jeff looked as if he C a ghost.
'` U,_;Z$[4Gh3655687A.     saw B.has seen C.had seen D.would see

would rather后用虚拟语气。华夏大地教育网|(wU0g0t P$\
我教你一招：你一旦看到了这样的句型：would rather+人/that从句时(必须要有人或that从句，否则后面+动词原形/完成形式，形成would rarher do/would rather have done句型)，后面考点一定用动词过去时。华夏大地教育网"J4d]
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I’d much rather that you tomorrow than today.
}wEJd @)P)k({3655687 A. came B. will come C. had come D. is coming
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|3655687 ：看见了would rather+you，后面选动词过去时，选A。华夏大地教育网1RT*u\l%Ej9R(X
I’d rather you C make any comment(注释) on the issue for the time being.
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^9xA$D2d1l3655687 A.     don’t B.wouldn’t C.didn’t D.shouldn’t华夏大地教育网_F0O
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I’d rather you B anything about it for the time being.
1`Vo*cuq9X365568A.say B.didn’t say C.don’t say D.not say
I’d rather you B about it for the time being.华夏大地教育网1u,V W0LS*{8m3M7K
A.don’t think B.didn’t think C.would not think D.had not thought华夏大地教育网*X0@
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The manager would rather that his wife B work in the same office as he does.
*F1m4H$Wv2zB3655687 A.     does not B.did not C.would not D.will not
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英语二考试的重中之重的考点华夏大地教育网s*Hkx y/k;^
非真实if条件句中的虚拟语气表示与现在事实相反华夏大地教育网ig(l
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句型：If+主语+动词ed+……,主语+would(should ,could, might)+动词原形…华夏大地教育网}tG9Z.Z~;Z
属于与现在事实相反的虚拟条件句(句中的be动词，不论主语的人称是单或复数，一律用were)。记住：如果这部分句型中有be，前面不论是单数还是复数
If I knew his address, I would write to him.华夏大地教育网0c qTF'lhp)O
If it were to rain tomorrow, I would not go there.(对未来的虚拟)华夏大地教育网 KN tk4{},h(nLo!^
If the sea 500 feet, India would become an island.华夏大地教育网a*O#K_9~,w
A. is to rise B. has risen C. were risen D. were to rise
解析：看到主句中出现了would(是词的过去时)，证明这将是非真实条件句，需要用虚拟语气的形式。同时发现答案中有be，那么选D。可千万别选C啊，那样不就成了过去形式的被动语态啦。
right now,she would get there on Sunday.华夏大地教育网Gvj z w9{*Uzt
A.     Would she leave B.If she leaves C.Were she to leave D.If she had left华夏大地教育网c[._