高优指导2021高三英语二轮复习专题基础训练15推理判断题.doc

专题十五　推理判断题
A
For the first time,researchers have discovered that some plants can kill insects in order to get additional nutrients.New research shows that they catch and kill small insects with their own sticky hairs near the roots and then absorb nutrients through their roots when the insects are killed and fall to the ground.
Professor Mark Chase,of Kew and Queen Mary,University of London,said,“The cultivated(培植的) tomatoes and potatoes still have the hairs.Tomatoes in particular are covered with these sticky hairs.They do trap small insects on a regular basis.They do kill insects.”
The number of these carnivorous plants is thought to have came up to 50 percent and many of them have until now been wrongly regarded as among the most harmless plants.Among them are species of petunia(矮牵牛),some special tobacco plants and cabbages,some varieties of potatoes and tomatoes,etc.Researchers at Royal Botanical Gardens,Kew,which carried out the study,now believe there are hundreds more killer plants than previously realized.
It is thought that the technique was developed in the wild to get necessary nutrients in poor quality soil—and even various plants grown in your vegetable garden still have the ability.
The researchers,publishing their finding in the Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society,said,“We may be surrounded by many more murderous plants than we think.”“We are accustomed to thinking of plants as being immobile and harmless,and there is something deeply frightening about the thought of meat-eating plants,”they added.
1.Tomatoes and potatoes kill insects to 　　　. 
A.get more sticky hairs
B.make themselves grow better
C.make their roots stronger
D.avoid falling down to the ground
2.The word“carnivorous”in Paragraph 3 most probably means“　　　”. 
A.fast-growing　　　　　　B.harmless
C.insect-killing D.nutritious
3.The insect-killing technique of vegetables is developed most probably through 　　　. 
A.evolution of species
B.help from other garden plants
C.artificial cultivation
D.nutrients preserved in rich soil
4.The text is probably taken from 　　　. 
A.a student book B.science fiction
C.a scientific report D.a bulletin board

B
(2014·福州毕业班质检)
Any day we wish;we can discipline ourselves to change it all.Any day we wish;we can open the book that will open our mind to new knowledge.Any day we wish;we can start a new activity.Any day we wish;we can start the process of life change.We can do it immediately,or next week,or next month,or next year.
We can also do nothing.We can pretend rather than perform.And if the idea of having to change ourselves makes us uncomfortable,we can remain as we are.We can choose rest over labor,entertainment over education,delusion(幻想) over truth,and doubt over confidence.But while we complain about the effect,we continue to nourish(助长) the cause.
As Shakespeare uniquely observed,“The fault is not in the stars,but in ourselves.”We created our circumstances by our past choices.We have both the ability and the responsibility to make better choices beginning today.
Those who are in search of the good life do not need more answers or more time to think things over to reach better conclusions.They need the truth.They need the whole truth.And they need nothing but the truth.
We cannot allow our errors in judgment,repeated every day,to lead us down the wrong path.We must keep coming back to those basics that make the biggest difference in how our life works out.And then we must make the very choices that will bring life,happiness and joy into our daily lives.
And if I may be so bold to offer my last piece of advice for someone seeking and needing to make changes in their life—If you don’t like how things are,change it!You’re not a tree.
You have the ability to totally transform every area in your life—and it all begins with your very own power of choice.
1.The first paragraph tells us that 　　　. 
A.no one wants to be disciplined
B.we often need some new knowledge
C.taking activities does good to our health
D.we want to change all the time
2.We may conclude from the second paragraph that 　　　. 
A.whatever happens,we have to change ourselves
B.people tend to nourish the cause of bad results
C.whether we change or not depends on ourselves
D.most choices we made are not good enough
3.From Shakespeare’s words,we know 　　　. 
A.it is our duty to change for the better
B.we complain a lot about our past choices
C.sometimes we have to face the fate
D.we should believe in ourselves in life
4.In the author’s opinion,if you want a good life,what you need most is 　　　. 
A.self-confidence B.good choices
C.strong wills D.the truth

C
(2014·郑州质检)
Chinese writer Mo Yan’s Nobel Prize for Literature might ignite an explosion of global interest in Chinese literature and lead to more titles translated into English,European experts say.
“Hopefully,the award means more people will read Chinese literature and more works will get translated,” says Michel Hockx,professor of the Languages and Cultures of China and Inner Asia from University of London.“Many very good Chinese writers have been accepted globally for a long time already.Mo Yan is probably the most translated Chinese writer alive,with at least five of his novels made available in English over the past 20 years.”
Jonathan Ruppin,web editor of bookseller Foyles,says Mo’s win coincides with growing interest in Chinese literature and recognizes the talents of a distinctive and visionary(富于幻想的)writer.“We are very excited by the fact that English translations of more of his books should now become available,” Ruppin says.He made the comment after Mo became the first Chinese citizen to win the Nobel Prize for Literature in its century-long history.
As East-West cultural exchange has been booming,Chinese literature has been attracting growing attention in recent years.Hockx explains,“It’s mainly because there are many more opportunities for Chinese writers to visit other countries,to publish their works outside China and to interact with readers abroad.At the same time,more and more people globally are learning Chinese and taking an interest in the Chinese language and culture.”
University of Oxford lecturer in modern Chinese literature Margaret Hillenbrand says,“The obvious reason for the growing global presence of Chinese literature is the growing global presence of China itself.People have come to realize that there is a serious knowledge deficit (缺少)between China and its international counterparts—in particular,China knows incomparably(无比地)more about Europe and America than the other way round—and reading Chinese literature is an effective,simple means of solving that gap.”
1.The underlined word “ignite” in Paragraph 1 probably means “　　　”. 
A.start out B.burn up
C.set off D.appeal to
2.Chinese literature has been attracting growing attention mainly because 　　　. 
A.Chinese writers have been writing more and more books in English
B.the Chinese language has become the most widely used language in the world
C.the Chinese government attaches great importance to literature
D.the cultural communication between China and western countries has developed
3.Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage?
A.Chinese literature has spread with the development of China.
B.The Nobel Prize for Literature has a history of hundreds of years.
C.In the past,no Chinese writers were accepted outside China.
D.Foreigners know about China mainly by reading Mo Yan’s works.
4.How do you understand the underlined sentence in the last paragraph?
A.China knows more about Europe and America than before.
B.China knows more about Europe and America than they know about China.
C.China,Europe and America know one another more than before.
D.Compared with America,China knows more about Europe.
##
A
【语篇导读】本文介绍了一项最新的研究成果:一些植物为了吸收更多的营养以供其生长,会用它们根部的粘毛杀死小昆虫,而且这些植物中有很多我们一直认为是无害的。
1.B　推理判断题。由文章第一段指出,一项研究表明一些植物能够用它们根部的粘毛杀死小昆虫,吸收更多的营养,故B项正确。
2.C　词义猜测题。根据第二段的内容和第三段的首句可知,画线词指的是能够杀死昆虫的植物,故C项正确。
3.A　推理判断题。根据第四段的内容可推知,这种植物杀死昆虫的技巧的发展主要靠野外的自然进化,即物种进化,故A项正确。
4.C　推理判断题。本文主要介绍了一项最新的研究成果,故最有可能来自一篇科学报告“a scientific report”,故选C项。
B
【语篇导读】改变始于选择。对于那些寻求改变自己人生的人,如果不满意事情的现状,那就去改变它吧!
1.D　推理判断题。根据第一段中的四个Any day we wish的排比句可知,我们每天都希望有所改变,故D项正确。
2.C　细节理解题。根据第二段中的几个We can...的排比。可知,我们是否需要改变取决于我们自己,故C项正确。
3.A　推理判断题。第三段的第一句引用了莎士比亚的独到见解“错误并不在于命运,而在于我们自身”,再根据接下来的两句“我们过去作出的选择决定了我们现在的处境。从现在开始我们有能力和责任去作出更好的选择。”可知,A项正确。
4.B　推理判断题。根据最后一段可知,作者认为想要改变你的生活,就要从选择开始,故B项正确。
C
1.C　由“ignite”后面的explosion“爆炸,激发”及本段中的lead to more titles translated into English“使的更多的作品翻译成英语”可以推断出ignite应该是“引起,引发”的意思。A项“出发,动身”;B项“烧起来,烧尽”;C项“引起,激发”;D项“吸引,呼呼,恳求”。故答案为C项。
2.D　由第四段中Hockx解释的内容可知,中国文学作品越来越受关注的主要原因是中国的作家有越来越多的机会去国外推广作品,并吸引国外读者。与此同时,越来越多的外国人学习汉语,并对中国的文化表现出浓厚的兴趣。由此推断出这些都是因为中国和西方国家的文化交流加强了,所以答案为D项。
3.A　由最后一段中“The obvious reason for the growing global presence of Chinese literature is the growing global presence of China itself.”可知,中国文学作品全球化是由于中国发展的全球化引起的。故答案为A项。
4.B　由该段中“People have come to realize that there is a serious knowledge deficit(缺少)between China and its international counterparts”以及“and reading Chinese literature is an effective,simple means of solving that gap.”可知,相比之下,中国读者对欧美国家作品的了解更多,所以阅读中国文学作品才能有效弥补这种缺失。故答案为B项。

4