2023年大学英语四级真题试卷及答案.docx

2０2３年6月大学英语四级真题及答案
(第一套)

Ｐarｔ　Ｉ 　 　 　 　 Ｗrｉtinｇ　 　 　　　 　（２5 minutｅs)
(请于正式开考后半小时内完毕该部分，之后将进行听力考试)
Direｃｔions:　Fｏr thiｓ　part, you ａre aｌlowｅd 30 miｎutｅs ｔｏ　wｒite　ａｎ aｄvertiｓemeｎt on yｏur cａｍpus wｅｂsiｔｅ to seｌl a　computer you　usｅｄ at cｏllege. Yｏｕr ａdvｅrtiｓemeｎt ｍay incluｄｅ iｔｓ ｂｒanｄ, spｅcｉficａtionｓ/ｆeaｔures, cｏnditｉoｎ and price，　and ｙoｕr contａｃｔ ｉnformation.Yｏｕ should ｗrｉｔe　at least 12０ ｗoｒdｓ but nｏ　more tｈaｎ 180　worｄs.

Paｒt　ＩI 　 　 　 Lｉｓteｎｉnｇ　Cｏmpreｈeｎsiｏn　 　 　 　　 (30 miｎutes)
Ｓｅcｔｉon　Ａ
Direｃｔｉｏns: In ｔhｉs sectｉon,　you　will hｅａｒ threｅ newｓ reportｓ．　Ａt ｔhｅ enｄ ｏf ｅａｃh　news ｒepoｒt, yoｕ will　hｅar　tｗo oｒ ｔhree ｑuesｔioｎs. Botｈ　tｈe ｎeｗs report aｎｄ qｕestｉｏｎs will ｂe spｏken only onｃe． Aftｅｒ you hear queｓｔｉoｎｓ, yoｕ ｍusｔ cｈooｓｅ　ｔhｅ best ａｎsweｒ from　the　foｕr choiｃeｓ marked　Ａ)， B）, C) and　Ｄ).　Ｔｈeｎ mａrk ｔhe　correｓpｏｎding letter ｏn Answer Sheet 1 wiｔh　a　single lｉｎｅ　tｈroｕgｈ the　centre.
注意：此部分试题请在答题卡1上作答。
Questｉｏns 1 to 2　are　ｂaｓed on the conveｒsatｉｏn yｏu　have jｕst ｈeard.
1. A) Tｈe man in tｈe car waｓ absｅｎt-minded．
B)　Ｔhe test drｉveｒ　made　a　wrong judｇemeｎt.
C) Thｅ self-dｒivｉng syｓtｅm wａs　fａuｌtｙ．
D)　Tｈe car was ｍoｖiｎg at a fａsｔ　speed.

2. 　A)　They　have donｅ ｂettｅr than conｖeｎtionａｌ　carｓ.
B) Thｅy haｖe ｃaused seveｒal sevｅre ｃｒaｓｈeｓ.
Ｃ) Ｔhey havｅ posed a threａt tｏ other dｒivers．
Ｄ) Thｅｙ hａｖe generaｌly done quite well．

Ｑuｅｓtｉons 3 ｔｏ　4 ａｒｅ based oｎ ｔhｅ cｏｎvｅrsaｔion　yｏu have just heaｒｄ．
３.　 A) He ｗoｒkｓ ａｔ a　nationaｌ　ｐaｒk.
　　B）　He is a　ｑuｅen ｂｅen　sｐecialisｔ．
　C) Ｈｅ reｍoｖｅd　ｔhｅ bｅyoｎd ｆｒｏm　tｈｅ　boot．
Ｄ) He　drove thｅ　bees　ａway froｍ　his car.

４. A） Thｅy ｗｅre ｌookinｇ　afteｒ the qｕeeｎ
B)　Ｔhey were mａking a　ｌot of noise
　 C) Ｔheｙ were lｏoking　foｒ ａ nｅｗ　box　to　ｌive ｉn
Ｄ) They were dａnｃiｎｇ　in ａ unique way

Qｕesｔiｏnｓ 5 to 7　ａre based　ｏn the　conversaｔion you haｖｅ　jｕｓt hｅaｒd.
5. 　A) Thｅ ｄiｓcｏverｙ　oｆ a nｅw specｉeｓ　of snaｋe
　 Ｂ） The secoｎd　trｉp　to ａ　ｓmａll remote islanｄ
C） Thｅ　finding of 2　new ｓpecies　oｆ　ｆrｏg
　 D） Ｔhe latest tｅst oｎ rare anｉmal sｐeｃiｅs

6. 　A） A　pｏisonous ｓｎake ａttａckｅd him ｏn his fｉeld　ｔrip
Ｂ） He disｃoｖereｄ a rarｅ fog　on a ｄesertｅｄ
C) A sｎake cｒawlｅd　onｔo ｈｉs head ｉn hiｓ ｓleep
Ｄ) Ｈｅ ｆeｌｌ ｆrｏm　a tall palｍ ｔｒｅｅ by　acciｄｅnｔ

7.　 Ａ) From　ｉts genes
B） From ｉtｓ lenｇth
C) From　itｓ oｒｉgｉn
D) From iｔs　colour
Sectioｎ B
Dirｅｃtionｓ:　In this seｃtｉoｎ,　ｙou ｗiｌｌ　hｅａr two　ｌong ｃoｎversaｔioｎs. At tｈe ｅnd of　each convｅｒsation, you　wiｌl ｈｅar foｕr questｉons．　Both ｔhe　conversatioｎ and ｔhe ｑueｓtioｎs will be　sｐｏken　only once． Aftｅr　you　ｈeaｒ a ｑｕestｉon， yoｕ　ｍust chｏoｓe　the ｂest　ａｎｓwer from the four　choiｃｅs mａrkｅd　A),　B)， Ｃ)　aｎd D).　Then ｍark　tｈe correspｏndinｇ ｌｅtter　ｏn Ansｗer Sheｅt 1 with a singlｅ lｉnｅ thｒough　tｈe　ｃｅntre.

Ｑueｓtions　８ ｔo 11 are bａsed on tｈe cｏnｖersａtion　you have jｕsｔ hｅaｒｄ.

8.　 　A) Tｈe securｉty　check takes tｉme
B) Ｈｅ hａｓ tｏ　checｋ a ｌot oｆ ｌuｇgaｇe
C) His fｌｉｇht is leaving iｎ　lｅsｓ thａｎ 2 ｈoｕrs
Ｄ) The airｐｏrt ｉs ａ ｌｏｎg way from the hotｅl
9. Ａ) Iｎ cash
B） Bｙ cｒｅｄｉt ｃard
C) Wｉtｈ a traｖelｅr’s cｈecｋ
D) Ｗｉth hiｓ smart ｐｈone

10. A) Gｉve　him a receipt
Ｂ) Coｎfiｒm　ｈis ｆｌight
C) Lｏok after his luggagｅ
Ｄ) Ｆiｎｄ a poｒter　for him

11 .　 A)　Siｇｎing　up foｒ memｂerｓhｉｐ of S　Hoｔel
B)　Stａｙｉng in the sａme ｈｏtｅｌ next tiｍe ｈe comeｓ
C） Ｌoａdｉng　hｅr luggage　ontｏ the ａiｒporｔ shuｔtle
D) Postiｎｇ ａ coｍｍent on ｔｈe hotel’ｓ　ｗｅbpage

Queｓｔｉoｎs 12 to　15 ａre　ｂased on the conversaｔion you hａve jｕst heaｒｄ.
12. Ａ)　Hｅ iｓ　tｈe onlｙ ｂoy　iｎ　ｈis ｆaｍily
Ｂ) He beｃomes ｔearｆｕｌ ｉn ｗinｄ
C) He has stopped makiｎg terriｂlｅ faceｓ
D)　He　is hｉs teacher's favorite studeｎt

13． Ａ) Tell ｈim to　play in　hｅｒ ｂackyard
Ｂ) Do soｍethｉnｇ fｕnny to amuｓｅ him
C)　Giｖe hｉm soｍe chｅｒry stｏnｅs to plaｙ ｗｉth
D) Wａrn　hｉｍ of　ｄanger by ｍaking　up a sｔorｙ

１4.　　A) They　could　brｅａk pｐ＇s legs
Ｂ） They couｌｄ ｓoｍetｉmeｓ terrify aduｌｔs
C） Theｙ could fly agaｉｎｓｔ a　strｏng　ｗind
D) They ｃｏuld ｋnock　pp　uncoｎscｉｏus

15. A) One　woulｄ　get a spot　oｎ　ｔｈｅｉr ｔonguｅs　ｉf ｔhey　tｏｌd a　ｌiｅ　deliｂerately
B)　Onｅ ｗｏulｄ ｈavｅ ｔo ｓｈaｖe ｔhｅir heａｄ to remove ａ ｂａｔ　in　tｈeｉr hair
C）　One　wｏulｄ　go to　prisｏn ｉf they　put a ｓtamｐ ｏn upsidｅ ｄｏwn
Ｄ)　Onｅ woｕｌd hａve　cｕrlｙ hair iｆ ｔhey aｔe ｔoo　ｍuｃh stale　ｂreaｄ

Ｓeｃtion Ｃ
Direcｔｉons: Ｉn ｔhｉs section， you　will　heａｒ　threｅ　pａｓsａgｅｓ of lectｕｒes ｏr taｌｋs foｌlowed　by tｈrｅｅ or fｏuｒ questions.　The　rｅcoｒdingｓ will ｂe plａyeｄ ｏｎｌy ｏnce． Afｔer ｙｏu　hｅａr a queｓtion,ｙou muｓt　cｈｏoｓe the bｅｓt answｅr　fｒｏm ｔｈe　fouｒ choices markｅd A)， Ｂ)， C） and D). Tｈen mark　ｔhe cｏrreｓpondiｎg letter　on Ansｗeｒ Sheet 1 ｗith a single　ｌiｎe through thｅ ceｎｔre.

Quｅstｉons １６ ｔo　18　arｅ　baｓeｄ oｎ ｔｈｅ passage　ｙｏu haｖe　jｕst　ｈｅard.
１6.　　A)　Everytｈiｎｇ　seemｅｄ　ｔｏ ｂｅ　chａngｉng.
B) Pｅople　wｅre formａl　aｎｄ　ｄｉｓciplｉneｄ.
Ｃ) Ｐｅopｌｅ were　exciｔed to ｇo traｖellｉｎg　overｓeａs.
D) Thｉｎgs frｏm　tｈe Victorian era caｍe back alｉve.

17.　 Ａ) Watchinｇ　TＶ　at ｈome． B) Meeting　peopｌe.
Ｃ) Drinking cｏffｅe.ﻩ 　 D) Ｔryｉｎｇ　neｗ foods.

18. 　A)　He ｗａｓ interｅｓteｄ in sｔylish　dresses．
B) Hｅ was aｂlｅ ｔo tａkｅ　a lot oｆ money.
　　 　C)　He　wａs　a stｕdeｎt in ｔhe １960s.
D) Hｅ ｗａｓ a man fuｌl of imａginaｔioｎ.

Queｓｔiｏｎs 1９ ｔo　２１ are based on the pasｓａｇe　ｙou　ｈave　ｊust　hｅarｄ.

19. A） Tｈey ａvoｉd lｏｏking aｔ tｈem.
　 B） Tｈｅy ｒun　away　ｉmmediately．
　 C) They show angeｒ on ｔhｅir faces.
Ｄ) They mａke threaｔeniｎg　sounds．

2０． A)　It　tｕrns　to its　ｏwner fｏr hｅlp.
B)　It tｕrｎs away　ｔo avｏiｄ conflict．
C) It　lｏokｓ　ａｗay and gｅts　ａngry， ｔoｏ.
　D) Iｔ focｕses itｓ eyes oｎ tｈｅir mouｔhｓ.

21.　 A） Bｙ observiｎg ｔheiｒ　ｆacial featuｒeｓ cａｒｅfully.
　Ｂ) By focusinｇ　oｎ ａ parｔｉcｕlar　boｄy　ｍoveｍent.
C) Ｂy takｉｎg　in　theｉr facial ｅｘpreｓsioｎｓ as a whole.
　Ｄ） Bｙ inteｒprｅting ｄifferent　ｅｍotions　in dｉfｆerenｔ ｗａys.

Quesｔiｏns ２2　to ２５ are bａｓed ｏｎ ｔhｅ ｐaｓｓａge you have jｕsｔ　ｈearｄ.

22. A)　Thｅy have　to look for fｏｏｄ　and ｓhelｔeｒ　underｇround.
　B) They take litｔle nｏtiｃe　ｏｆ tｈe chanｇes in tｅmpeｒatｕｒe.
Ｃ) Thｅｙ reｓorｔ to diffｅｒent means to survive　the bitteｒ cold.
D) Theｙ　have difficuｌty adａｐｔing　to ｔhｅ cｈangeｄ　ｅnvironｍent.

23. 　Ａ) Tｈｅｙ have theｉr ｗｅight　redｕｃed to mｉnｉmum.
Ｂ) Tｈｅy consume　tｈe　energy stoｒed beforｅ the　long sleep.
C） They can maintaｉn theｉr hearｔ　beａｔ aｔ the　normal raｔｅ．
Ｄ) Tｈey　cａｎ ｋeep ｔｈeｉｒ bodｙ ｔeｍperaｔure ｗarm　and stａｂle.

24. 　A)　By stayinｇ iｎ hｉdｉｎg pｌａｃｅs ａnd eａｔing very　ｌiｔtlｅ.
B)　By ｓeeking food　and shelｔer　ｉn ｐeｏple’ｓ ｈousｅs.
C) Bｙ　growing ｔｈｉcｋｅr haiｒ to　sｔaｙ warm.
Ｄ） By storinｇ enoｕgｈ　ｆoｏd beforehand．

２5. 　Ａ) To sｔaｙ safe.ﻩ　　　　　 　 Ｂ) To save　energｙ．
C) Tｏ　keｅｐ ｃompany． 　　 D) To ｐroteｃt ｔｈe　young.

Part　Ⅲ Ｒeａｄing　Ｃomprehension 　 　 　 　 　 (40　ｍinｕtes)

Seｃｔion A
Dｉrectiｏｎｓ:　Iｎ ｔhｉｓ　sectiｏｎ， there is a pａｓｓage ｗiｔh ten blａnks． You arｅ ｒeｑuｉｒed to seｌeｃt ｏｎｅ word ｆｏr ｅacｈ　bｌａnk from　ａ lisｔ oｆ　ｃhoｉcｅs gｉｖen ｉn a worｄ ｂaｎｋ following the passａge.　Read the pａssａge　thrｏugh cａreｆulｌy beforｅ ｍaｋinｇ yｏｕr cｈoiｃeｓ,　Eａch choice ｉn thｅ ｂａｎk ｉs iｄenｔifiｅd by a letter． Ｐlease　mark the corresponｄｉng ｌetter for　ｅａch itｅm on　Ansｗer　Sheet 2 ｗｉtｈ　a siｎgle lｉne tｈrougｈ ｔｈe ｃenｔre. You　may not　use anｙ of　the wｏｒds in ｔｈe bank more thａn　ｏncｅ.

Ｑuestｉｏnｓ ２6　to 3５　are　baｓed on ｔhe foｌｌoｗing paｓsagｅ.
The mｅthod foｒ makｉｎg beer ｈaｓ　ｃhangeｄ over ｔime． Hｏps　(啤酒花）,fｏr ｅxaｍple, whicｈ giｖe many ａ ｍｏdem beer ｉts bitter ｆlａvor,　are　a　(26）__＿___＿ rｅcｅｎt addｉtiｏｎ ｔｏ tｈe bｅverａｇｅ. This wａs　ｆiｒst　mentioｎed in refeｒenｃe to　brewiｎg　ｉn　tｈｅ niｎth century. Now,　ｒeｓeａrchers have fｏuｎd　ａ (27)_____＿_ｉｎgrｅｄｉｅnt in rｅｓｉｄue (残留物)ｆｒom ５,0０0-yeａr－old beeｒ breｗiｎｇ equｉpmｅｎt. Whiｌｅ dｉgging　two ｐits at a siｔe in ｔhe ｃentrａｌ plaiｎs of　Cｈｉnａ, sciｅnｔists dｉsｃoｖｅred fragmｅｎｔs from pots ａnd　veｓsels. Thｅ diffｅrent shａpｅs of　tｈe cｏntaｉners (28）＿＿_____ thｅｙ　wｅre usｅd to brｅw, fiｌter, and sｔore beer. Ｔhey may be aｎcｉｅnt “ｂeer－mａking tｏols,” anｄ the ｅaｒlｉest (29___＿＿__ evｉdeｎｃｅ ｏf ｂｅer　bｒｅwｉnｇ in Chｉna, ｔｈe resｅarcｈｅrs repoｒｔｅd in　ｔｈe Pｒoceｅｄiｎgs of the Natｉｏnａl Acaｄemy　of Ｓcieｎｃeｓ. To (30）_____＿＿ﻩthat theory， tｈe ｔeａm exaｍined ｔｈe ｙｅllｏwish，　drｉｅd （３１)_＿_____ insiｄe ｔhe vessels. Thｅ mａjｏritｙ　of ｔｈｅ　ｇrａiｎs，　aboｕt ８0％，　werｅ fｒｏm cｅｒｅａl cｒops liｋｅ　bａrlｅy (大麦),and　about 10% ｗerｅ bits oｆ rootｓ， (３2）_＿___＿_lily，which　wｏuld　have maｄe thｅ beer sｗeeter, the　scienｔｉsts say.　Barley wａs an　ｕnexpectｅd ｆｉnd: thｅ ｃrop　was ｄｏmestｉcatｅｄ in Ｗestern　Eurasia and didｎ'ｔ　bｅcoｍe a　(33)＿_____＿fooｄ　ｉn cｅｎｔｒal Ｃhｉｎa　ｕntil aboｕt ２,000 ｙｅars aｇｏ, acｃorｄinｇ tｏ thｅ ｒeｓeaｒｃhｅrs. Baｓｅd on　that ｔiｍinｇ， ｔhey ｉndicate　ｂarlｅy ｍay　ｈavｅ　(34)＿______ iｎ the　ｒｅgioｎ　not aｓ fｏod,　ｂut as　(３5)_＿＿＿___mateｒiaｌ fｏr bｅer bｒeｗｉng.

注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。

A) Arrived
B) Ｂ） cｏnsuming
C) Ｃ) diｒect
D) D） exclusively
Ｅ）　ｉncludｉng
F） ｉnform
Ｇ) ｒaw
H）　ｒｅacheｄ
I) reｌａｔiｖeｌy
J） rｅmａiｎs
K)ｒesourceｓ
L） sｔaplｅ
M) suggeｓt
Ｎ) surpｒisiｎg
O) teｓt

Ｓectioｎ B
Direｃｔｉonｓ:　Ｉｎ　thiｓ　sｅctiｏn, yoｕ ａrｅ　goｉnｇ　to rｅad　a paｓsａｇe wｉth　ten ｓtaｔements ａttａched　ｔｏ it． Each staｔｅmｅnt cｏｎtains inｆorｍaｔiｏn giveｎ iｎ　one　of ｔhｅ paraｇrapｈｓ. Ideｎtify tｈe parａgｒaph　ｆroｍ　which the ｉnｆoｒｍatiｏn　is ｄeriｖed． Yｏｕ ｍay　choose a ｐarａgrａph　ｍｏre　ｔhａn once. Each paragrapｈ ｉs ｍarkeｄ with a letter. Ansｗｅr the questions bｙ marking　ｔｈｅ　corrｅsｐonｄing letｔer on　Aｎsｗeｒ　Ｓheet　２．

The　Ｂleｓsinｇ ａnd　Curse　ｏf thｅ Pｅｏple Wｈo　Neveｒ Ｆoｒｇeｔ
A hanｄfｕl ｏf pｅｏple caｎ recall almosｔ ｅｖery day ｏf their lives ｉｎ ｅnormｏus deｔaｉl—aｎd ａfｔer yeａrs of ｒeseａrch,　neurｏｓcientｉｓts (神经科学专家) ａre finａlly　ｂeginnｉng to uｎdｅrｓｔand hｏｗ　ｔhey　do ｉt.
[A] Ｆor　mｏｓt of us, meｍory is ａ mesｓ of　ｂlurred and faｄed pｉcｔures oｆ our　ｌiveｓ.　As mucｈ ａs we would like to　clｉng oｎ to　our past,　even the　saｄdest　mｏｍｅnｔs can be　waｓhed ａwaｙ with　tiｍe.
[Ｂ]　Ａｓk Nｉmａ Vｅｉseh　ｗhａt ｈe　ｗａs　ｄoing fｏr anｙ day　iｎ the past 1５ yｅars,　however,　ａnd he　ｗｉll gｉvｅ　yｏu the ｄｅtａiｌs of　the wｅａther, ｗhat he waｓ　ｗｅarinｇ, or even what　sｉde oｆ the ｔrain he　was sittiｎｇ on his ｊourｎeｙ ｔｏ ｗork. “My memｏｒy iｓ lｉｋe　ａ liｂrａry　oｆ ｖidｅo ｔapes, waｌk-tｈｒoｕghｓ　ｏf ｅveｒy dａy　oｆ my lifｅ　from ｗaｋing　ｔo　ｓleeping，” he eｘplains.
[C] Veiｓｅｈ can even pｕt a　dａtｅ　ｏｎ whｅn tｈｏｓe　tapｅs　sｔａｒteｄ recｏｒｄiｎｇ:　15 Dｅcｅｍbeｒ　2023, when he met hiｓ　first ｇirｌfriend at his beｓt　ｆriｅnd＇s 16tｈ ｂiｒthｄay ｐarty. Ｈe ｈａd alｗays　haｄ a gooｄ ｍemorｙ, buｔ ｔhe tｈriｌｌ of　young ｌｏve ｓｅemｓ to have shifｔｅd a　gear in his ｍind： from now　on，　he　wｏｕld sｔart ｒecｏｒding his wｈoｌe life in detaiｌ. “I cｏuld teｌl you　ｅverything　about　eｖｅry ｄay after that.”
［D] Nｅeｄless tｏ say，　ｐｅoplｅ liｋe Veｉsｅh are　of gｒeat interｅst to nｅｕｒoscｉenｔｉｓｔs　hopｉng to undersｔａnd thｅ way thｅ bｒain recｏrds　ouｒ liveｓ. Ａ coｕple　of recent paｐers have ｆｉnaｌlｙ opeｎeｄ a　window ｏn tｈeｓe peopｌe’s extraoｒｄinary miｎｄs． Anｄ such reseaｒch ｍｉghｔ even suｇｇest ways for uｓ ａll　tｏ　reｌｉvｅ our pａst　with greater　clａrｉtｙ.
[E]　“Higｈly sｕpｅｒior auｔｏbiｏｇｒaphｉｃal memory”（or HSAＭ　for　sｈort) ｆirst camｅ tｏ light ｉｎ　the　ｅａrlｙ　2０２3s,　ｗｉtｈ a ｙoｕng wｏman　named　Jiｌl Ｐrｉce．　Ｅmailing the nｅuｒosciｅnｔisｔ and memory ｒeｓeaｒcher Jiｍ MｃGaugh one　dａy,　shｅ claiｍｅd thａt　sｈe coulｄ recall evｅry　day of her ｌｉfe since　ｔhe　ａｇe of １2. Coｕld he hｅlp exｐlain her eｘperiencｅs?
[Ｆ］ MｃGauｇh　invｉted ｈeｒ　ｔｏ hiｓ lab,　anｄ beｇan　tｏ tｅst hｅｒ: hｅ ｗoulｄ ｇｉvｅ ｈeｒ　a date and ask her　ｔo ｔelｌ him aｂout ｔhe wｏｒｌd　eｖｅnts　on ｔhａt　day． Truｅ ｔo her　ｗord,　ｓhｅ was ｃoｒrect almｏst ｅvｅｒｙ ｔiｍｅ．
[G]　It　ｄidn’t ｔake　ｌong　for magazｉnes aｎd ｄocｕｍenｔary film-mａkers　to coｍe　ｔo uｎdeｒstａｎｄ　her “toｔaｌ recaｌｌ”,　anｄ ｔhaｎｋ to the suｂsequeｎｔ　ｍeｄｉa iｎｔerest, a few dｏzen other subｊects (ｉncludｉng Veiseh) hａve ｓinｃe　come fｏｒward ａnd cｏntacted　the teａｍ at thｅ　Ｕｎiｖｅrｓity ｏf　Cａliｆｏrｎiａ，　Iｒｖiｎｅ.
［Ｈ] Interesｔingly, theiｒ ｍｅmｏｒies are highly ｓeｌf-cenｔｒｅd: alｔhｏugh　tｈeｙ can ｒemｅmber “autobiograｐｈiｃaｌ” lifｅ eveｎts　iｎ eｘtｒaordinaｒｙ dｅtaiｌ, tｈｅy ｓｅem tｏ　be　no bｅtteｒ than aｖeragｅ ａt　rｅcａlｌing impeｒsonal　infoｒmation， ｓuch　as ranｄom (任意选用旳）liｓts　of wｏｒds.　Nor are they ｎeceｓsarｉlｙ　better at　ｒemｅmbering ａ　rｏｕｎd　of drinｋｓ, saｙ. Ａｎｄ althｏugh thｅir mｅmorｉｅs are vast， they are stilｌ likelｙ to suffeｒ ｆrom “false memorieｓ”．Cｌearly, thｅrｅ iｓ nｏ　ｓｕch ｔhinｇ as ａ “peｒfeｃt” memory—their extrａorｄinaｒｙ minds ａｒｅ　sｔilｌ ｕｓing　the　ｓame flａwｅｄ toｏls　thａt ｔｈｅ ｒest of uｓ rｅｌy　ｏｎ. Ｔｈe quｅstion　is， how?
[Ｉ] Lawｒenｃe Patihis at the Ｕｎiversｉｔy of Sｏｕtｈｅｒn　Mississｉppｉ　ｒecently stｕｄied around　2０　peｏｐｌe with HSAＭ ａｎd fｏuｎd tｈａt ｔｈeｙ　scoｒed　pａrtiｃulａrly　hｉgｈ　on twｏ ｍeasｕres： fａntasy　pｒoneness (倾向)and　absｏrption. Faｎtasy　pｒｏnｅness　cｏulｄ be　consiｄerｅd　a tendencｙ to imagine and dａydream， whｅreａｓ absorpｔion　is the　tenｄencｙ　ｔo　allｏw ｙｏuｒ mｉｎd　to becoｍｅ fｕllｙ absorbed in an　ａctivitｙ to pａｙ　coｍplｅｔe　aｔｔention ｔｏ the sensatiｏns (感受）and tｈe eｘperｉｅｎces. “Ｉ’m extｒｅｍely seｎｓitｉve tｏ ｓounds,　smellｓ　ａnd visual dｅtail,” expｌains Ｎicｏle　Ｄonoｈue,　ｗho has ｔakｅn part　ｉn manｙ of tｈese　studies. “I deｆinitely ｆeｅｌ　tｈinｇs more　stroｎgｌｙ thａn　tｈe ａveraｇe　ｐersｏn.”
[J] Ｔhe abｓoｒptｉｏｎ　hｅｌｐs ｔｈeｍ tｏ eｓtablish　ｓｔrong　foｕｎｄations for　rｅcollectｉon, says Pａtihｉs, ａnd tｈｅ　fanｔasｙ proneness meanｓ thａt tｈｅy　rｅviｓiｔ those memoｒieｓ ａgａin and agaｉn iｎ the comｉｎg wｅeｋs　ａnd ｍｏnths．　Eａｃｈ time thiｓ initiaｌ　ｍemorｙ ｔracｅ is “ｒeplａｙｅd”， it ｂecomes ｅｖen ｓtｒongｅr． In ｓoｍe ｗａys, you　probabｌy ｇo thrｏuｇh thａｔ procｅss　afｔer a　bｉg event　ｌike　yｏur weｄding　day,bｕｔ the diｆfｅｒｅncｅ iｓ ｔhat tｈaｎｋs to tｈeir oｔｈｅr psｙｃhoｌｏgｉcａｌ tenｄencies, the HSＡM subjｅctｓ are ｄoｉｎｇ iｔ day in, ｄay out, ｆoｒ　the　whoｌｅ of thｅiｒ　lｉves.
[Ｋ] Not　ｅveｒｙone ｗiｔh a tendｅncｙ tｏ faｎtasiｓｅ will　dｅｖeｌop HＳＡＭ, though， ｓo Patihｉs ｓugｇeｓｔs that ｓomeｔｈinｇ ｍｕｓt ｈavｅ　caused theｍ to　ｔhｉnｋ so ｍｕch abouｔ theiｒ　pａst. “Mａｙbe some experｉence in their chｉｌdｈooｄ meant that they becamｅ ｏbsｅssed　(着迷)wｉth ｃalenｄaｒs aｎd what happeｎed to thｅm,”says Patiｈis.
［L]　Ｔhe peopｌｅ witｈ HＳAM　I’ve ｉnｔｅｒvｉｅwed woulｄ certａiｎlｙ　aｇｒｅe　tｈat ｉｔ can be ａ　mixｅd　blｅssiｎg.　On tｈe　ｐlｕs sidｅ,　iｔ　aｌlows yｏｕ ｔo　ｒelive the most transfｏrｍaｔiｖe and enrｉchｉｎg eｘperiｅnces.　Veｉｓeh，　ｆor iｎstaｎce,　trａveｌlｅd a ｌoｔ in hiｓ　yｏｕth.　In　hｉs spaｒｅ time,he　visited　the local ａrt ｇalleries， and　ｔｈe　pａintｉnｇs are now　ｌoｄged deeｐ in ｈｉs ａuｔobiogｒａpｈicaｌ mｅmories.
[M］ “Imａgiｎe　being　able to　remｅmber everｙ ｐaｉnting， on everｙ　wａll, ｉn every gａllerｙ space,　bｅtwｅen neａｒly　40 countｒies,” he ｓays. “Ｔhat’ｓ ａ big education　iｎ aｒt　by ｉtｓeｌf．” With　this　ｃoｍprｅhensive　kｎｏｗledge of　ｔｈｅ　ｈistory ｏf ａｒt, hｅ ｈas sinｃe become a ｐｒoｆessｉｏｎａl pａinter.
[N] Ｄｏｎohue,　noｗ a hｉstory ｔeａｃher, agreeｓ tｈaｔ ｉｔ　helped　ｄｕｒing cerｔain　ｐarts ｏf her education. “I　cａn defiｎiｔely rｅｍembｅr whａt　Ｉ　ｌeａｒｎed ｏｎ certaｉn dａys at schooｌ. I couｌｄ imagｉne whａt ｔhｅ teaｃhｅｒ wａs saying oｒ ｗhat　it ｌooked lｉke ｉｎ tｈe　bｏok.”
[O] Ｎot eｖeｒyone wiｔh ＨSAＭ ｈａs ｅxpeｒienｃed tｈeｓｅ ｂeｎefiｔs, ｈｏwｅｖｅr. Viewing ｔｈe pasｔ　in　high definiｔｉon caｎ make iｔ very　diffiｃult to　gｅt　oｖer　paiｎ aｎd ｒegret． “It　can　be very　hard to ｆｏrgｅｔ embarｒassiｎg　mｏｍents,” ｓays Dｏｎohue.　“Ｙou feｅl the same　eｍotioｎs—iｔ ｉs just as　raw, ｊuｓt aｓ ｆrｅsh．.. You cａn’t tｕrｎ　ｏff ｔhat stream of　mｅｍoriｅｓ,　no matter　hoｗ hａｒｄ ｙoｕ tｒｙ.” Veiseｈ aｇrees． “Iｔ　is liｋe　havｉng　ｔｈｅsｅ oｐen　ｗｏｕnds—they　aｒe jｕst a pａrt of you，” ｈｅ says．
［P] Thｉｓ meanｓ thｅy often hａve ｔｏ maｋe　ａ ｓpecial　effｏｒt ｔo　lay the past to rest. Bill, foｒ instance, ofteｎ getｓ　ｐainf