大学英语四级翻译练习.doc

大学英语四级翻译练习

12月大学英语四级翻译练习（附答案）
翻译原文：
在中国，假如不了解“面子”含义，则极难了解许多行为言辞。面子通常可了解为社会对一个人声誉和声望（prestige）看法。所以，中国人向来很重视面子问题。丢面子会造成一个人在人际交往中失去权威。中国人通常不会公开指出令人尴尬事实，从而防止让另一个人丢面子。假如要给某人面子，则能够在大众面前赞美她，观赏她才能，或对她表示尊重。
参考译文：
1.第1句中“……极难了解……”可套用句型it is + a.+ to do sth（做某事怎么样），译作it is difficult to underatand…条件状语“假如不了解‘面子’含义”可用从句来表示you don't know the concept of "face"也可用介词短语without knowing the concept of "face"来翻译。
2.第2句“面子通常可了解为社会对……看法”即使没有被动标识词，实际上有被动含义，故英译时须表现，译作 face is commonly viewed as…。“对一个人声誉和声望”用介词短语of a person's reputation and prestige 来表示。
3.倒数第2句中“从而防止让另一个人丢面子”表目标，故将其处理成目标状语，用不定式短语so as to avoid making…来表示，动词avoid后接动名词形式。
4.最终一句为无主语句，英译时，应增译主语you或者we，此处用we更符合上下文阐述。“在大众面前”，可译为in front of other people，但更地道表示是in public，如“她不好意思在大众面前唱歌”，译为 She is too shy to sing in public.
In China, it is difficult to understand many behaviors and speeches without knowing the concept of “face”. Face is commonly viewed as social perspective of a person's reputation and prestige. Therefore, Chinese people have been paying close attention to their face. Losing face will result in one's loss of authority in the interpersonal communication. Usually the Chinese will not point out embarrassing facts in public so as to avoid making another person lose face. If we want to give face to somebody, we can praise him in public, appreciate his ability or show respect to him.
翻译原文：
在中国，赠予礼品应考虑详细情况和场所。礼品常见红色或其它喜庆颜色（festive color）来包装，但白色或黑色不宜用于此。当你将礼品递出去时，收礼者（recipient）可能会礼貌谢绝。在情况下试着将礼品再-次送出去。通常收礼者在客人离开之后才打开礼品。另外，送礼还有—些禁忌（taboo）如给夫妻送伞就不宜，因为汉字里“伞”与“散”同音。
参考译文：
1.第1句中“赠予礼品应考虑详细情况和场所”不能直译成presenting gifts should consider the specificsituation and occasion，因为在英语表示习惯中，consider施动者应该是人而不是事情，故翻译时应增加代词we或one作主语。
2.第4句中“在这种情况下”既可译为in this case，也可译为in/under the circumstances, in such a situation等。状语“再一次”可译作once again，并按英语表示习惯置于句末。
3.翻译倒数第2句时，可套用not…until（直到……才）句型，译作the recipient won't…until the guestleaves.
4.最终一句中举例部分“如……，因为……”使用文字较多，宜拆译为另一个句子，译作For example…。“给夫妻送伞就不宜”可用it is + a. + to do sth.这种句型来表示，译作it is inappropriate to anumbrella…。
In China, we should consider the specific situationand occasion when presenting gifts. The gifts areusually packaged in red or other festive colors. Butwhite and black and not suitable in the packaging.When you offer the gift,the recipient may refuse itpolitely. In this case, you could try to offer thepresent once again. Usually, the recipient won'topen the gift until the guest leaves. In addition, there are some taboos in giving gifts. Forexample, it is inappropriate to present an umbrella as a gift to a couple because the word"umbrella" has the same pronunciation with another word "separate" in Chinese.
翻译原文：
生活在移动互联网时代，大学生们已然离不开网络。—些颇具创新力学生从微博（microblog）和衡微信（WeChat）中看到了商机。桂林一所大学三名学生注册了一个微信送餐账号。现在她们天天处理 多份订单，给同学们生活带来了许多便利。更多学生选择了网上开店，出售各种物品。经过创业，大学生们不但能够挣到自己学费，更主要是培养了实践能力。
参考译文：
1.第1句中“生活在移动互联网时代”可处理为伴随状语，用现在分词短语livng in the mobile Internet age 来表示。“已然离不开网络”可译为cannot live without theInternet，但因为句首已经用到living，按英语防止重复表示习惯，此处可译为cannot be separated from theInternet now.
2.第3句中定语“桂林一所大学”较长，故将其处理成后置定语，用介词短语from a university in Guilin来表示。“注册了一个微信送餐账号”中，“微信”是一个网络平台，表地点，译作on WeChat，置于中心词“账号”（account）后。定语“送餐”表目标，故用不定式短语来表示，译为to deliver meals.
3.第4句“现在她们……，给同学……便利”有两个分句，仔细分析发觉，后半句是前半句结果，故可将后半句处理成结果状语，译为分词短语providing a lot of convenience to other students，结构清楚明了。“同学们生活”中“生活”可略去不译，只译出“同学们”，不影响译文意思。
4.最终一句中“更主要是…可译成短语What is more important或More importantly，或套用句型What's more important is that…。培养了实践能力”暗含动作已完成，故应该用现在完成时，译作theyhave cultivated their practical ability.
Living in the mobile Internet age, college studentscannot be separated from the Internet now. Somecreative students have seen business opportunitiesfrom microblog and WeChat. Three students from auniversity in Guilin registered an account on WeChatto deliver meals. Now they handle more than 2,000orders every day, providing a lot of convenience toother students. More students choose to set up online shops and sell various kinds of items.Through running their own business, college students can earn their tuition. What is moreimportant, they have cultivated their practical ability.
翻译原文：
敦煌莫高窟（Dunhuang Mogao Caves）坐落于中国西部甘肃省。这些石窟刻于距离敦煌东南方向25公里处鸣沙山悬崖上。敦煌莫高窟是规模最大、保留时间最长佛教（Buddhist）艺术宝库，现存735个洞窟，壁画（frescoes）4万5千多平方米。这些壁画展现了佛（Buddha）形象和活动以及人与神之间关系。敦煌壁画中舞蹈人物是全人类一颗璀璨宝石。敦煌莫高窟在1987年被列入世界遗产名目（World Heritage Iist）。
参考译文：
1.第2句中定语“距离教煌东南方向25公里处鸣沙山”较长，故将其处理成后置定语按英文表示习惯，把相关性强词语放一起，故将“鸣沙山”后置于cliff，但假如把on amount called Mingsha 直接置于 on a cliff后，则读起来不顺秘，故把on a mount called Mingsha置于句末。
2.第3句中“现存735个洞窟，壁画4万5千多平方米”假如译为there now exist…, and…，则句型结构是涣散，宜将其处理成伴随状语，用with more than 45,000 square meters of frescoes in 735 caves 来表示，更能表现出壁画和洞窟关系。
3.翻译倒数第2句“教煌壁脚中舞蹈人物是全人类一颗璀璨宝石”时，先译出主要结构（dancing imagesare a jewel），“敦煌壁画中”作主语后置定语，用in Dunhuang frescoes来表示，“全人类” 作宾语后置定语，译作for all human beings.
4.最终一句中“被列人世界遗产名目”可译为was listed on the World Heritage List.但这种译法会产生两个list，依照英语防止重复用间表示习惯，宜直接套用介词短语on the list来表示。
Dunhuang Mogao Caves are located in western China's Gansu Province. These caves were cut a cliff 25 kilometers southeast to Dunhuang, on a mount called Mingsha. Dunhuang Mogao Caves are regarded the biggest and the longest preserved Buddhist art treasures, with more than 46,000 square meters of frescoes in 735 caves. Dunhuang frescoes display Buddha's images and behaviour, and the relationship between Buddha and men. Dancing images in Dunhuang frescoes are a brilliant jewel for all human beings. Dunhuang Mogao Caves was on the World Heritage List in 1987.
翻译原文：
唐三彩（Tricolor-glazed Pottery of the Tang Dynasty）是一个著名陶瓷（pottery）。它诞生能够追溯到唐朝以前。“三彩”是多彩意思，并不是只有三种颜色。唐三彩吸收了中国国画和雕塑（sculpture）技巧，成为 一个格调独犄艺术品。它以造型生动、色彩丰寓而著称。唐代是一个繁荣兴盛时代，唐三彩就盛行于此时。 在那时唐三彩不但在国内风靡一时，而且还闻名于海外。
参考译文：
1.第2句中“追溯到……”用动词词组date back to来表示，该词组用主动语态，后接名词或名词短语。假如用traceback to，则用被动语态。“唐朝以前”应了解为“唐朝以前时期”，故翻译时要采取“增译”法，表示为the time beforethe Tang Dynasty.
2.第4句中定语“中国国画和雕塑”较长，故将其处理成后置定语，用介词短语of Chinese painting and sculpture来表示。仔细分析后发觉，“成为一个格调独特艺术品”表结果，故用不定式to form a unique style ofarts来表示，作结果状语。
3.倒数第2句“唐代是一个繁荣兴盛时代，唐三彩就盛行于此时”假如逐字对译为the Tang Dynasty was atime of prosperity, and the pottery was popular at this time则显得生硬、冗长。这里“此时”指就是唐代，可用when引导时间状语从句，将两分句结合起来使句子结构更紧凑。
4.最终一句可套用not only...but also句型：“在国内”和“于海外”作状语置句末，分别用at home和abroad来表示。
Tricolor-glazed Pottery of the Tang Dynasty is a kindof famous pottery. Its birth could date back to thetime before the Tang Dynasty. "Tricolor" means a lotof colors rather than just three colors. The potteryabsorbed the techniques of Chinese painting andsculpture to form a unique style of arts. It isknown for its vivid figures and rich colors. The Tang Dynasty was a time of prosperity whenthe pottery was prevailing. At that time, tricolor-glazed pottery of the Tang Dynasty was notonly popular at home, but also well-known abroad.
翻译原文：
火锅（hot pot）是中国传统饮食方式之一，拥有几千年历史。在严寒冬天，人们軎欢吃能立刻暖身和提神火锅。如今在许多当代家庭里，用煤炭加热（coal-heated）传统火锅已经被电磁炉（induction cooker）火锅所取代。各地火锅格调各异，所使用火锅原料也不尽相同。-般来说，用于火锅肉类包含猪肉、牛肉、鸡肉、鸭肉等，其它菜则包含蔬菜、蘑菇、面条等。
参考译文：
1.第1句中含有“是……”和“拥有……”两个动宾结构，假如沿用原结构翻译，则略显生硬，故将“拥有几千年历史”用介词短语with a history of…来表示，使句子结构简练且符合英语表示习惯。
2.第2句中定语“能立刻暖身和提神”较长，可用引导定语从句来表示，“暖身”和“提神”可译成两个并列动宾成份，表示为that instantly warms their bodies and lifts their spirits.
3.第4句“各地火锅格调各异，所使用火锅原料也不尽相同”，此句实际意义为—火锅格调和火锅原料因地方不一样而不一样，英语中”因……而异有vary from…to…表示方式，故此处可表示为hot pot styles andingredients vary from region to region.
4.最终一句中定语“用于火锅”按英文表示习惯，可将其处理成“肉类”后置定语used for hot pot，因为通篇讲都是hot pot话题，故此处可省略for hot pot，以防止重复烦琐，使行文言简意赅。
With a history of several thousand years, hot pot isone of the traditional Chinese diets. In the coldwinter,people like to eat the hot pot that instantlywarms their bodies and lifts their spirits. Today inmany modern homes,the traditional coal-heated hotpots have been replaced by induction cookers.Hotpot styles and ingredients vary from region toregion in China. Generally, the common meats used include pork, beef, chicken, duck andothers, while other hot pot dishes are vegetables, mushrooms, noodles, etc.
翻译原文：
广州以“购物天堂”著称。这里有众多市场、商业街和购物中心。各种世界名牌商品（commodity）都能够在这里找到，你能够在市中心买到几乎任何你想要东西。在广州，同类型商店通常扎堆在一起，久而久之就形成了许多具备鲜明特色街道。夜市是从黄昏开市至午夜，销售曰常见品、衣服和食物。它不但方便了购物者，也是一个夜生活。
参考译文：
1.第1句中“以……著称”用短语be known as来表示，后面跟表示某种职业或某种身份名词或名词短语。而be knownfor后面跟闻名原因。
2.第3句由两个分句组成，两个分句句意完整且逻辑主语不一样，故可处理成and连接并列句。注意前一个分句中“能够在这里找到”实际上隐含被动意味，故译成被动语态。“任何你想要东西”译成anything you want.
3.第4句中有两个并列动作扎堆在一起“和”形成，二者语义独立，故用and来连接。定语具备鲜明特色较长，故将其处理成后置定语，用介词with distinct characteristics来表示。
4.倒数第2句中有两个谓语：“开市”和“销售”，但均较短，故可选取“开市”作为句子谓语，将“销售日用具……”处理成现在分词短语selling daily articles……，作“开市”伴随动作。
Guangzhou city is known as "shopping paradise".There are huge amounts of markets. Commercialstreets and shopping malls. All sorts of world-famous brand commodities can be found here, andyou can get almost anything you want in downtownarea In Guangzhou, shops of the same kind usuallygather together and gradually form many streetswith distinct characteristics. Night markets open from dusk to midnight, selling daily articles,clothes and food. It is not only convenient for shoppers but also a sort of nightlife.
翻译原文：
中国老龄人口在快速增加。预计到2050年，全国将有三分之一人口超出60岁。然而，在中国大多数城市，养老院（nursing home）数量极少且针对性服务远远落后。这就是为何大多数中国人在她们变老时，更愿意留在自己儿女或配偶身边。一些政协委员（CPPCC member）提议增加保障老龄人口权益国家财政预算，给养老院提供更多基础设施（infrastructure）并提升其服务质量。
参考译文：
1.第2句中“预计……”用句型itis predicted that…来表示，更符合英语表示习惯。二分之用短，one out ofthree 来表示比 one third 更生动。
2.第3句中“养老院数量极少”可逐字译成nursing homesare few，或转译成there be结构。
3.最终一句中“提议”后内容“增加……”为无主语句，故可将该句译成suggestdoing sth. 结构，或可译成 suggest that…从句，无主语句部分则译为被动句，同时注意“提议”suggest后接宾语从句必须用虚拟语气“（should+）动词原形”。“给养老院提供……服务质量”跟前半句看起来是并列关系，但经分析可发觉这一句可看作是“保障老龄人口权益”方式，故用介词by引导现在分词短语来表示。
China's aging population is growing rapidly. It ispredicted that by 2050 one out of three Chinese willbe over 60 years old. However, in most Chinesecities, there are few nursing homes, and theirtargeted services lag far behind. That's why formost Chinese, when they grow old, they woiddrather stay with their children or spouses. SomeCPPCC members suggest that more national budget should go towards protecting agingpopulation's rights and interests, by building more infrastructure and improving service innursing homes.
翻译原文：
几年前，北京打工族们（migrant workers）经常埋怨买不起房子。令她们意想不到是，现在租房子也变成了难事。相关部门公布最新数据显示，今年9月，北京住房租金（housing rent）同比上涨4.5%，已经连续55个月（55consecutive months）上涨。因为房租飞涨，越来越多年轻人不得不放弃在北京就业机会，选择回到故乡工作。对一个城市长久发展来说，这无疑是一个损失。
参考译文：
1.第1句中“埋怨买不起房子”是汉语中连动句，翻译时，需把“买不起房子”处理成“埋怨”内容，用that引导宾语从句来表示，译作complained that they could not afford ahouse.
2.第3句中“相关部门公布”较长，故将其处理成后置定语，用表被动过去分词短语来表示，译作released by thedepartment concerned.
3.第3句中“上涨4.5%”应译为rise by 4.5%.翻译时需弄淸楚rise by和rise to.二者区分在于：rise by表示“上涨了多少”；rise to则表示“上涨到多少”。
4.第3句中“已经连续55个月上涨”中，“已经连续”表示某事已经发生且现在还在连续进行，宜用现在完成进行时，译为 have been increasing for 55 consecutive months.
A few years ago, migrant workers in Beijing oftencomplained that they could not afford a house. Butnow, they unexpectedly find that renting house hasalso become very difficult. According to the latestdata released by the department concerne, in thisSeptember, housing rents rose by 4.5% year onyear, which have been increasing for 55 consecutive months. Due to the soaring rents, moreand more young people have to give up the opportunity to work in Beijing and choose to goback to their hometowns. It is no doubt a loss for the long-term development of a city.
翻译原文：
中国结（Chinese knot）是中国文化经典代表之一。中国结源于古代，当初人们用系结方式来记事，在唐宋时期（theTang and Song Dynasties）逐步发展成为一个饰品，并在明清时期（the Ming and Qing Dynasties）开始盛行至今。中国结象征着团结、友情、和平、热情和爱情等。制作中国结材料多个多样，如棉 线、丝编、尼龙（nylon）、皮革，甚至是一些宝贵金属。如今，中国结在世界各地广受欢迎。
参考译文：
1.第1句中“经典代表之一”可用one of the typicalsymbols来表示。
2.第2句主语与第1句一样，都是Chinese knot，故用代词it表示以防止重复。此句是由“源于”、“发展”、“盛行”三个谓语组成并列句，句子较长，翻译时可考虑将其拆译为两个句子。“当初人们用系结方式来记事”拆分了汉语句中三个连贯动作，可把它处理成when引导状语从句，译为when to keep records.keep records本身就已含“记事”之义，故采取英汉翻译中“减词”译法，不再把“事”（things）译出来。
3.第2句中“逐步发展成为一个饰品，并在明清时期开始盛行至今”说明了中国结发展不一样阶段，在结构上属于汉语中经典“叙事多用并列结构”特点。翻译类似汉语结构多采取“同一主语，并列谓语”英语结构，故将developed和prevailed处理成并列谓语。
4.倒数第2句中“制作中国结材料”中心词为“材料”，定语“制作中国结材料”较长，故将其处理成后置定语，用分词短语used to make the knots来表示。
Chinese knot is one of the typical symbols of Chinese culture. It appeared in ancient times when people tied knots to keep records. It developed gradually as a type of decoration during the Tang and Song Dynasties, and prevailed from the Ming and Qing Dynasties up to now. Chinese knot means reunion, friendship, peace, warmth, and love, etc. Materials used to make the knots are various, such as cotton, silk, nylon, leather and even precious metals. Today, Chinese knot is popular in many parts of the world.
翻译原文：
聘金（endowment）是中国传统习俗一部分。通常，新郎（bridegroom） 需要给新娘家一笔钱作为聃礼来定下婚礼。可是近几年来其标准不停上升，致使大多数家庭都极难达成。快速上涨生活成本是聘金增加主要原因。对于大多多年轻人来说，结婚意味着独立组建家庭，然而物价不停上涨使这一切变得越来越困难。所以，许多新婚夫妇都只能向父母求援。
参考译文：
1.第2句中“作为聘礼”在汉译英时，能够顺承前面一句“聘金”而省略不译。“来定下婚礼”表目标，故将其译作状语 tofix a marriage.
2.第3句“……不停上升，致使大多数家庭都极难达成”表因果关系，可用so…that…结构来表示，“某人极难做某事”英语对应表示为sb. finds it difficult to do sth，此句可译为...have become so high…that a majority of families are finding it difficult to meet them.
3.翻译第4句“快速上涨生活成本是聘金增加主要原因”时，假如按照原主干“生活成本是主要原因译，则不能很好表示出原句强调”上涨“利害关系，故转换结构，用”快速上涨“作主语用介词短语in the living cost 作定语。
4.倒数第2句中“结婚意味着独立组建家庭，然而物价不停上涨使这一切变得越来越困难”是一个表转折并列句。但经过分析发觉，“这一切”指代前半句内容，故可用which引导非限制性定语从句将前后分句联络起来，以防止无须要信息重复，这么句子愈加简练紧凑。“物价不停上涨”处理成原因状语because of theconstantly rising prices置后，使句子表示清楚流畅。
Endowment is part of Chinese tradition. Usually, abridegroom needs to pay a certain amount ofmoney to the bride's family to fix a marriage. But thestandards have become so high in recent years thata majority of families are finding it difficult to meetthem. The rapid rise in the living cost is the mainreason for the increase of endowment. For most young people, marriage means setting up afamily independently, which has become increasingly difficult because of the constantly risingprices. Consequently, many newly married couples turn to their parents for help.
翻译原文：
吉利数字（auspicious number）在中国文化一直起着主要作用。不少人认为数字6、8、9吉利，因为它们跟一些具备主动含义汉字发音相同或相近。如8与“发”发音相同，象征着繁荣和财富；9与“久”发音一样，意为“长长久久”。所以，很多人在选择手机号码和车牌号码（license plate number）时会不惜花钱去选取这些数字。相反，没有些人会选4，因为4与“死”发音一致，是不吉利数字（inauspiciousnumber）。
参考译文：
1.第2句中“认为数字6、8、9吉利”可采取结构considersth. + a. 或consider sth. as sth.来表示。定语“具备主动含义”较长，故将其处理成后置定语，用介词短语ofpositive meanings来表示。
2.第3句中“如8与‘发’发音相同”英译时，按照英语表示习惯，要在“8”前面补上表其性质词，故增译 number.“象征着繁荣和财富”是“发”含义，故可将其处理为定语修饰“发”，所以用现在分词短语symbolizing prosperityand wealth 作后置定语来表示，也可用定语从句 which symbolizes prosperity and wealth 表示。
3.第4句中“很多人在选择手机号码……时”，依照英语表示习惯，宜在“手机号码”前增译一个物主代词 their，译为their phone number.“不惜花钱”意即“舍得花一大笔钱”，可用pay out表示。“去选取这些数字”，即让这些数字包含于手机号码和车牌号码中，故“不惟花钱去选取这些数字”译为pay out for these m numbersto be included in…
4.最终一句“因为4与‘死’发音一致，是不吉利数字”可用并列结构译出，表示为it bears the samepronunciation…and is considered to be…。“是不吉利数字”不应简单地译为 is inauspiciousnumber，而应译为is considered to be inauspicious number，这么才能表示出“人为赋予数字含义”意思。
Auspicious numbers have long played an importantpart in Chinese culture. Many people considernumbers six, eight and nine as the auspicious onesbecause they have the same or similar sounds to theChinese characters of positive meaning