高考英语专题复习主谓一致(附答案).pdf

高考英语专题复习主谓一致（附答案）高考英语专题复习主谓一致（附答案）I.I.考点分析考点分析一、概述一、概述主谓一致是指句子成分之间或词语之间在人称、性、数等方面的一致关系。处理主谓一致一般应遵循以下三条原则：1.语法一致，即在语法形式上取得一致。例如，主语为单数形式，谓语动词也为单数形式；主语为复数形式，谓语动词也采取复数形式。a.The number of errors was surprising.b.Julia and her twin sister naturally look a lot alike.2.意义一致，即从意义着眼处理一致关系。a.The crowd were fighting for their lives.(单形名词主语要求复数谓语动词，下划线部分表示一个整体中的成员)b.Five minutes is enough.(复数名词单数谓语动词，下划线部分表示一个数目)3.邻近原则，即指谓语动词的形式与邻近的名词一致。a.A man of abilities are needed.（动词 are 不与主语 a man 一致，而与其邻近的复形名词 abilities形式上一致。二、主谓一致注意要点：二、主谓一致注意要点：1.当名词词组中心词为表示度量、时间等复数名词时，往往可根据意义一致的原则，把这些复数名词看作一个整体，谓语动词采取单数形式。a.The dollars is not enough.b.Three months passes in no time at all on the ranch.如果明显地指一个个个体，则要根据语法一致地原则，谓语动词用复数形式。a.There are two sliver dollars in each of the stockings.2.如果名词词组中心词是 all,most,half,the last,the rest,the remainder 等词组时，其主谓关系一般遵循意义一致的原则：如所指为复数意义，谓语动词用复数形式；如所指为单数意义，则谓语动词用单数形式。a.The last of the wine is gone.b.The last of the rolls are gone.3.如果主语是由“lots of,loads of,scads of 等名词”构成时，谓语动词的单、复数形式取决于其后的名词的单、复数形式。a.Theres loads of milk on the farm.b.Therere loads of big red apples on the ground.4.如果主语是由“a portion of,a series of,a kind of 等名词”构成时谓语动词一般要根据语法一致的原则用单数形式。a.A serious of pre-recorded tapes has been prepared for language laboratory use.但在“these/those kind/type of复数名词”之后，谓语动词用复数形式。a.These kind of tests are good.所指为单数意义，谓语动词用单数形式。5.以数词为名词词组中心词构成主语时，用法不一。有时谓语动词用单数形式：a.Forty from ninety-five leaves fifty-five.b.Seventeen times two hundred and eighteen makes three thousand,seven hundred and six.有时谓语动词用复数形式：a.Six sevens are forty-two.b.Five and five make ten.如果名词的中心词组是“分数或百分数of 词组”，谓语动词的单、复数取决于 of-词组中名词或代词的单、复数形式。a.Over three-quarters of the swampland has been reclaimed.b.Two-thirds of the people present are against the plan.如果名词词组中心是数词，其后跟有或等介词词组构成主语时，一般根据语法一致的原则，谓语动词用单数形式。a.One out of twenty students is dropped from the course each term.但在非正式文体中，也可根据就近原则或意义一致的原则，谓语动词用复数用复数形式。a.One in ten were present.6.如果主语是由“many a,more than one+单数名词”构成，尽管从意义上看是复数，但谓语动词仍采取单数形式。a.Many a comrade has sacrificed his life for the revolution.7.如果主语由“the形容词（或分词）”结构担任时，往往根据意义一致的原则决定谓语动词的单、复数形式：如果指一类人，谓语动词用复数形式；如果指个人或抽象概念，谓语动词用单数形式。a.The blind are taught trades in special schools.b.The departed was a good friend of his.c.The good in him overweighs bad.8.如果主语由“either(neither)+of+复数名词（或代词）”结构担任时，一般根据语法一致的原则，谓语动词用单数形式。a.Has either of your parents visited you?b.Neither of them wants to come.在非正式文体中，也可根据意义一致的就近原则，谓语动词用复数形式。a.I dont think either of them are at home.II.II.练习：练习：1.Ever since Picassos painting went on exhibit,there_ large crowds at the museum every day.A)raceB)has beenC)have beenD are being2._ of the two books holds the opinion that the danger of nuclear war is increasing.A)NoneB)EitherC)BothD Neither3.Neither of the young men who had applied for a position in the university _.A)has been acceptedB)have been acceptedC)was acceptedD)were accepted4 If law and order _ not preserved,people will not be able to live a secure life.A areB wereC isD was5 The movies star as well as a lot of fans _ photographed a lot by TV stations and newspapers.A wereB wasC hadD has6 As I have a meeting at four,ten minutes _ all that I can spare to talk with you.AareBwasC isDwere7 A number of my friends _ I should take a holiday.But I am just too busy to spare any time.AthinkB thinksC had thoughtD has thought8 So long as you have a companion,twenty miles _ a long way to walk,especially in themorning.A isB isntC areD arent9 The police _ searching for a tall dark man with a beard.Till now more than one person _suspected.AisisB isareC areisD areare10 Reading many books _ her happy.A makeB makesC is makingD are making11 Every boy and girl must have _ uniform neatly kept.A hisB herC theirD them12 The committee _ to have its second meeting in Tianjin next month.A are goingB is goingC goes toD go to13 In addition to John and Mary,their father _ visit you tomorrow.A is going toB are going toC shallD are to14 Not only you but also the professor _ surprised at the result of the exam.A areB isC wereD have beenIII.III.答案及详解：答案及详解：1.C)题意：自从毕加索的画参展后，每天博物馆都有大批的参观者。解析：由于要求必须用复数，而要求主句必须用完成时态，故只能选 C。2.D)题意：这两本书中的观点相同：核战争的危险没有在继续上升。解析：Neither,两者都不，符合题义。其余均不能用于两者的否定。none 用于三者和三者以上的否定；either 表示肯定；both 表示否定。3.C)题意：在这所申请职位的两个年轻人都没有被接受。解析：Neither of 结构作主语时需用谓语动词的单数形式，故只有 C 正确。4.C题意：如果法制不被保留，人们就无法过安全的生活。解析：law and order 可看成一个概念即法制，故用单数动词作谓语，由主句时态可知从句为泛义概念，故用现在时。5.B题意：电视台和报社给该位电影明星及许多影迷拍摄了大量照片。解析：主语是 movies star,as well as结构为插入结构，不影响全句结构，故谓语动词仍用单数。6.C题意：因为我四点钟有会，所以我最多只能抽出 10 分钟和你说话。解析：当主语表示的数量被看作一个整体时，无论其数目多大，谓语都是单数。7.A题意：很多朋友都觉得我应该休假，但我太忙了，抽不出时间。解析：a number of+名词的复数形式，后面的谓语动词应用复数，But 后的句子揭示时态应为现在时。选项(C)意为“原以为”，隐含的意义是与事实相反，但 But 后的句子表明朋友们的猜测并不与事实相冲突。8.B题意：只要有同伴，走 20 英里的路程并不算远，尤其是在清晨的时候。解析：Twenty miles形式上是复数，但是表达的是一个整体的意义，谓语动词应用单数。又如：Five minutes is enough for me.由前面的条件从句可知本句表达的是否定的意思。9.C题意：警察们正在搜寻一个高个子男人，他的肤色较暗，留着胡子。到现在，已经不止一个人被怀疑。解析：The police 表达的是复数意义，指“警察们”，谓语动词应用复数，More than oneperson表达的也是复数意义，但习惯上用单数。10.B题意：大量的阅读使她很快乐。解析：不定式（短语）、动名词（短语）或从句做主语时，谓语动词要用单数。11.A题意：每个男孩和女孩都须使自己的制服保持整洁。解析：主语有 every,each 字样出现谓语动词要用单数，相应的所有格要用 his。12.B题意：该组委会将于下月在天津召开第二轮会议。解析：committee 是集合名词，其后动词可为单数或复数，这里因代词用了its，所以选用单数的 is going，C、D 时态不对。12.B题意：该组委会将于下月在天津召开第二轮会议。13.A题意：除了约翰和玛丽，他们的父亲明天也将拜访你。解析：主语本身是单数，当它和 as well as，with，together with，along with，like，unlike，besides，In addition to，including，rather than 等词或词组连用时，谓语动词仍用单数形式。14.B题意：不仅是你，教授也对考试的结果大为吃惊。解析：not onlybut also搭配中，谓语动词的数和 but also 之后的名词一致。