(英语)高考英语阅读理解基础练习题及解析.pdf

（英语）高考英语阅读理解基础练习题及解析（英语）高考英语阅读理解基础练习题及解析一、高中英语阅读理解一、高中英语阅读理解1阅读理解 The new garbage sorting regulation has taken effect in Shanghai starting July 1.Many citizensare still confused about the classification of the four different types of trash.Thankfully,authorities have released an official guideline to explain the new rules.The guideline,published by the Shanghai Greenery and Public Sanitation Bureau,provides arather clear definition on the four kinds if waste:recyclable waste,harmful waste,householdfood waste and residual(剩余)waste.A team from the U.K.s National Centre for Sport and Exercise Medicine examined 14 lean andoverweight men and analyzed their metabolic(新陈代谢)health.The participants were eitherassigned Harmful waste,as the name suggests,includes various poisonous materials like used batteries,light bulbs,out-of-date medicines,paint and pesticides.Household food waste which is translated to wet trash in Chinese refers to foodleftovers,rotten food,pet food,fruit peels,remains of TCM herbs(中药)and flowers.Paper,plastic,glass,metal and textiles(纺织品)are counted as recyclable waste.The definition of residual waste is a little confusing.Anything that is not listed above belongs tothis category.As specific as the new guideline is,residents still have a hard time sorting trash correctly andare finding it challenging to memorize them all.For instance,both plastic bottles and bubble teaor coffee cups are plastic materials.However,the former falls to the category of recyclable wasteand the latter belongs to residual waste.To save the hassle,some netizens have come up withtheir own way to sort trash.We should do this from a pigs angle,commented one netizen.Those edible(可食用)forpigs are household food waste.Those even pigs dont want to eat are residual waste.If a pigconsumes something and dies of it,then something must be harmful waste.Those that can besold and the money we gain can be used to purchase pigs are recyclable waste.The new regulation came into effect on July 1.Those who do not sort their trash properly willbe fined RMB200.（1）What do the old coats that you want to throw away belong to?A.Harmful waste.B.Wet trash.C.Recyclable waste.D.Residual waste（2）What is the common point of wet trash?A.They can be broken down easily.B.They all come from plants.C.They all have bad smells.D.They all have poisonous materials.（3）What is the tone of the netizen like?A.Serious.B.Humorous.C.Delightful.D.Uncertain.（4）What does the passage mainly talk about?A.The four sorts of garbing are forbidden in Shanghai.B.Shanghai garbage sorting enforcement begins.C.people are still confused about garbage sorting.D.The netizens in Shanghai support the garbage sorting policy.【答案】（1）C（2）A（3）B（4）B【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了上海垃圾分类政策的规范，包括有害垃圾、可回收垃圾、湿垃圾等的分类规范。（1）考查细节理解。根据第六段“Paper,plastic,glass,metal and textiles(纺织品)are countedas recyclable waste.”可知，old coats 是可回收利用的废品。故选 C。（2）考查细节理解。根据第五段中的“Household food waste which is translated to wettrash in Chinese refers to food leftovers,rotten food,pet food,fruit peels,remains of TCMherbs(中药)and flowers.”厨余垃圾也可被称作湿垃圾，其中包括一些水果皮、中药渣、花等等，由此可知这类垃圾都能够轻易被破坏，故选A。（3）考查推理判断。根据倒数第二段中的“We should do this from a pigs angle,”可知，网民是用一种调侃的口气来说的。故选B。（4）考查主旨大意。第一段介绍了上海实行的垃圾分类政策，紧接着又对各项垃圾进行了具体阐述，由此判断本文主要介绍了上海正在实行垃圾分类。故选B。【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，推理判断和主旨大意三个题型的考查，是一篇环保类阅读，要求考生在捕捉细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，概括和归纳，从而选出正确答案。2阅读理解 It has been discovered that after the age of sixteen,the number of our brain cells begins todecrease at a speed of several million a year.They simply die off.In certain types of activity,thehuman brain is at its highest point in the early twenties,when it has collected enoughinformation to be able to use the vast number of cells freely in the most effective way.Puremathematics is one of the fields in which this happens,and we know that Albert Einstein madeall his world-shaking discoveries between the age of about 20 and 25,and spent the rest of hislife tidying them up and arranging them.But in certain other types of activity(of which being an author is perhaps one),experience ismore important than sharpness of brain,and there one usually finds that a person reaches his orher peak much later in life.Besides sharpness of brain and experience,here is another thing that is very important,andthat is wisdom.One can have a very quick,inventive brain and plenty of experience,but if oneuses these foolishly,one harms both oneself and others.Wisdom does not always come with agethere are plenty of foolish middle-aged people aboutbut the average person tends tolearn wisdom as he gets older,usually by making painful of embarrassing mistakes.Leaning to bewise is basically learning what is not possible;and what is possible but so difficult that it is notworth all the trouble one has to go through to get there.Mostly,it is learning about humannature;how real people behave and react,as against how one would like them to behave andreact.One can read and hear lot of idealistic stuff about how to make the world a better place,which would be found if it was based on an accurate observation of human nature,but which isbasically a waste of time because it is not.（1）According to the writer,the great discoveries made by Albert Einstein were mainly a resultin_.A.years of hard workB.sharpness of the brainC.rich experienceD.his deep understanding of the nature（2）Some people achieve success much later in life because .A.their work often requires much experienceB.they do not have a chance to show their talentsC.they have to learn lessons from failuresD.they fail to realize earlier the importance of hard work（3）The importance of wisdom lies in the fact that .A.it helps to avoid various mistakesB.it contributes to ones creativityC.it encourages one to go forward in face of difficultyD.it provides the right direction of efforts（4）The writer came to believe that .A.it is always a waste of time to make plans about the futureB.it is human nature to make attempts on what looks impossibleC.one should always challenge the impossible to push the society forwardD.one has to use wisdom in deciding what is the best thing to do【答案】（1）B（2）A（3）D（4）D【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了人类的大脑在20 岁左右于巅峰，在以后的成就多数是因为需要丰富的经验。除了头脑敏锐和经验丰富外，智慧也非常重要，因为智慧为人们提供了正确的努力方向。人们要用智慧来决定做什么才是最好的。（1）考查推理判断。根据第一段“It has been discovered that after the age of sixteen,thenumber of our brain cells begins to decrease at a speed of several million a year.They simply dieoff.In certain types of activity,the human brain is at its highest point in the early twenties,.andwe know that Albert Einstein made all his world-shaking discoveries between the age of about 20and 25,and spent the rest of his life tidying them up and arrangi ng them.”人们发现，16 岁以后，我们的脑细胞数量开始以每年几百万的速度减少。在某些类型的活动中，人类的大脑在 20 岁早期处于巅峰状态,.我们知道阿尔伯特爱因斯坦在 20 到 25 岁之间做出了所有震惊世界的发现。用余生来整理和安排这些发现。根据对爱因斯坦所的发现可知，他的伟大的发现是在 20-25 岁之间，更是印证了人类大脑在 20 年代初达到了巅峰，可推断出，本段主要研究人类大脑巅峰期，故选B。（2）考查推理判断。根据第二段“But in certain other types of activity(of which being anauthor is perhaps one),experience is more important than sharpness of brain,and there oneusually finds that a person reaches his or her peak much later in life.”但在某些其他类型的活动中(作家可能是其中一种)，经验比头脑的敏捷更重要，人们通常会发现一个人在他一生的晚期才达到顶峰。可推断出有些人在晚年取得成功是因为他们的工作中往往需要很多经验。故选 A。（3）考查推理判断。根据第三段中的“Besides sharpness of brain and experience,here isanother thing that is very important,and that is wisdom.Leaning to be wise is basically learningwhat is not possible；and what is possible but so difficult that it is not worth all the trouble onehas to go through to get there.Mostly,it is learning about human nature；how real peoplebehave and react,as against how one would like them to behave and react.”除了敏锐的头脑和丰富的经验外，还有一件事是非常重要的，那就是智慧。学习成为智者，要基本的了解什么是不可能的；学习有可能但又很困难的东西，以至于不值得一个人为了达到目的而付出所有的努力。最重要的是了解人性，了解真实的人是如何行为和反应的，以及人们希望他们如何行为和反应的。由此可推断出智慧的重要性在于智慧能让人知道什么可做，什么不能做，即为人提供正确的努力方向。故选D。（4）考查推理判断。根据最后一段中的“Leaning to be wise is basically learning what is notpossible；and what is possible but so difficult that it is not worth all the trouble one has to gothrough to get there.Mostly,it is learning about human nature；how real people behave andreact,as against how one would like them to behave and react.One can read and hear lot ofidealistic stuff about how to make the world a better place,which would be found if it was basedon an accurate observation of human nature,”成为智者，要大体上知道什么是不可能的。学习有可能但又如此困难的东西，以至于不值得一个人为了达到目的而付出所有的努力。最重要的是学习人性，了解真实的人是如何行为和反应的，以及人们希望他们如何行为和反应的。人们可以读到和听到很多关于如何使世界变得更美好的理想主义的东西.由此可推断出聪明的人必须运用智慧来决定最好要做什么事。故选D。【点评】本题考点涉及推理判断题型的考查，是一篇科研类阅读，考生需要根据上下文进行逻辑推理，从而选出正确答案。3阅读理解 When Andrew Kaplan recalls,his stories leave the impression that he has managed to packmultiple lives into a single existence:A war reporter in his 20s.an army member,a successfulbusinessman and-later.the author of numerous spy novels and Hollywood scripts.Now the silver haired 78-year old has realized he would like his loved ones to have access tothose stories,even when he is no longer alive to share them.Kaplan has agreed to becomeAndyBot-a virtual person who will be:immortalized(T F5)in the cloud for hundreds,perhapsthousands of years If all goes according to plan future generations will be able to interact with himusing voicecomputing platforms of mobile devices,asking him questions,letting him tell stories and drawingupon a lifetimes worth of advice long after his physical body is gone.Someday,Kaplan,who playfully refers to himself as a pig,may be remembered as one of theworlds first digital humans.For decades,Silicon Valley futurists have sought to free humanity from the life cycle.Today,anew generation of companies is selling some approximation(近似)of virtual immortality,whichgives people the opportunity to preserve ones legacy(遗产)online forever.Kaplan is eager to become one of the worlds first virtual residents,partly because he considersthe effort a way to extend closed family bonds over multiple generations.If technology succeeds in creating emotionally intelligent digital humans,experts say,it mayforever change the way living people cooperate with computers and experience loss.AndyBotmay become one of the worlds first:meaningful examples,raising complex philosophicalquestions about the nature of immortality and the purpose of existence itself.（1）What is the purpose of the first paragraph?A.To highlight Kaplans achievements.B.To introduce the topic-AndyBot.C.To arouse readers interest in Kaplan.D.To introduce Kaplans life.（2）Why did Andrew Kaplan agree to become AndyBot?A.He wanted to share his life experience as long as possible.B.He wanted to make his loved one remember him.C.He believed this action will help with his novels.D.He could live in the cloud to continue his life.（3）What might the AndyBot do for future generations?A.He may use voice computing platforms.B.He may use a new body to go on living.C.He may offer some guidance.D.He may ask them questions.（4）What can we infer from the last paragraph?A.Philosophical problems can be worked out by modern science.B.People can talk with their late family members freely.C.Scientists have made great progress in computer science.D.There is still a long way for digital humans to go.【答案】（1）B（2）A（3）C（4）D【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了科技新动态-数字人。（1）考查推理判断。根据第一段可知，当安德鲁卡普兰回忆往昔的时候，他的故事让人感觉他活出了各种各样的人生：20 多岁的时候是战地记者，还是一名军人，一位成功的商人，随后又是很多间谍小说和好莱坞剧本的作者。主要介绍安德鲁卡普兰丰富多彩的人生；在根据第二段中的“Now the silver haired 78-year old has realized he would like his lovedones to have access to those stories,even when he is no longer alive to share them.Kaplan hasagreed to become“AndyBot”-a virtual person who will be”现在这位花白头发的 78 岁的老人想要他爱的人知道这些故事，甚至当他去世之后还可以分享这些故事。Kaplan 同意变成数字人，可知，第一段的内容主要是引出下文中文章的话题数字人。故选B。（2）考查细节理解。根据第二段中的“Now the silver haired 78-year old has realized hewould like his loved ones to have access to those stories,even when he is no longer alive to sharethem.Kaplan has agreed to become AndyBot.a virtual person who will be”现在这位花白头发的 78 岁的老人想要他爱的人知道这些故事，甚至当他去世之后还可以分享这些故事。Kaplan 同意变成数字人，可知，卡普兰同意变成数字人是为了能更长时间的分享自己的这些故事。故选 A。（3）考查细节理解。根据第三段中的“If all goes according to plan.future generations will beable to interact with him using voice computing platforms of mobile devices,asking himquestions,letting him tell stories and drawing upon a lifetimes worth of advice long after hisphysical body is gone.”如果一切按计划进行，后代可以通过移动端的语音平台和他交流，即使他的肉体不存在后，还可以问他问题，让他讲故事以及咨询他一生经验的宝贵建议。可知卡普兰成为“数字人”后，他的后代仍能得到他一生经验的宝贵建议。故选C。（4）考查推理判断。根据最后一段中的“If technology succeeds in creating emotionallyintelligent digital humans,experts say,it may forever change the way living people cooperatewith computers and experience loss.”可知，专家们说，如果科技成功地创造出高情商的数字人类，它可能会永远改变人类与电脑交互的方式，以及处理失去亲人创伤的方式，即目前的数字人类还无法拥有高情商，还是不够完美的，因此数字人技术还有很长的路要走。故选 D。【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和推理判断两个题型的考查，是一篇科技类阅读，考生需要准确掌握细节信息，并根据上下文进行逻辑推理，从而选出正确答案。4阅读理解 With fuel costs rising and airlines finding more fees to impose on travelers every day,airfareisnt getting any cheaper.Since you cant drive to all your dream destinations,flying is the onlyway to go sometimes and,undeniably,the fastest.Luckily,there are plenty of ways to find themost affordable fares and also avoid paying as many extra charges as possible when you planahead.Getting the best fare.Airlines put out their fare sales on Tuesday morning,making this day thebest day to book a flight for less.Fly during the least popular times.Tuesday,Wednesday and Saturday are the slowest days to fly,which means cheaper deals than the rest of the week.You can also find reduced rates on earlymorning flights,since many people dont like to get up before the sun to get to the airport.Earlierboarding times can also considerably cut down your chances of getting bumped on anoverbooked flight or delayed because of other delayed flights or mechanical issues.Choose your seat later.Some airlines charge you to pick your seat when you book online,adding even more to the bottom line of your ticket cost.If you show up early on your travel day,you can still get suitable seats.Some of the best seats get held back until flight day,unless othersare willing to pay extra for them ahead of time,so you still have the chance at one of those.Fly on holidays.You already know that summer is the most expensive time to fly,and eventhough most other times are more affordable,the days surrounding holidays can be crazy.Savebig if youre willing to travel on major holidays,such as Thanksgiving and Christmas.Dont wait until the last-minute to book.Many travelers dont know that theres a sweet spotfor booking and getting the best price on your tickets.Book too early or too late and you couldend up paying more than you need to.The best time to book is between three months and sixweeks from when you want to travel.Avoiding extra fees Airlines will charge for just about anything these days.Some have eventoyed around with charging customers for using the restroom.All those extra fees can certainlyadd up,but theres no reason to pay them if you dont have to.Here are some tips to keep moneyin your wallet once you get to the airport.Avoid the upgrade its not necessary.Sometimes upgrades are free,but mostly you will becharged for seeking