2023年职称英语考试真题及答案理工类.doc

2023年全国职称英语考试真题及答案理工类（Ａ级)
　第1部分:词汇选项(第1～15题,每题１分,共15分)
下面每个句子中均有１个词或短语划有底横线,请为每处划线部分确定1个意义最为靠近旳选项。
　1．I can't puｔ up wｉtｈ ｍy ｎｅｉghbｏr's noise　aｎy lｏｎger,it'S dｒｉvｉnｇ ｍe maｄ．
　Ａ.tolerate
　B.ｇｅnerate
　　C.reｄuce
　D.mensurｅ
　2．Rｅgulaｒ ｖisits　from　a social ｗｏrｋer　caｎ be of imｍense value to ｏld ｐｅople liｖiｎg ａlone.
A．ｅqｕａl
　　Ｂ．immｅｄiate
　 C．ｍｏderａｔe
D.great
　 ３.He　ｗaｓ ratｈｅr vａgue aｂout the reasons　ｗhy　ｈe nｅver　ｆｉnｉshed scｈool．
　A.bright
B.unｃｌeａr
　　C.general
　D.ｂad
　４.I　wａnｔ ｔo　pｒovidｅ ｍｙ boys wｉtｈ a ｄeceｎt eduｃatｉon.
　A.sｐｅciaｌ
　　B.prｉvate
　 C.generaｌ
　D.gooｄ
　5．Ｓleep sｔairs　ｃａn presｅnｔ　ａ　parｔiｃulaｒ hａzard　to older ｐeｏplｅ．
A．pｉｃture
　 B.dangｅr
　　Ｃ.evidｅｎｃe
D.caｓe
　　6．Our arｒａngemenｔs　wｅｒe throｗn into comｐletｅ ｔurmoｉｌ．
A.ｄｏubt
　Ｂ.rｅｌief
C.failuｒe
　Ｄ．ｃｏnfusｉon
　 7．Pａｔricｉa stared aｔ　ｔhe oｔｈer gｉrls　ｗith rｅsentmeｎt．
　 A．love
　 B.ｓurprise
C.ａnger
Ｄ．doubt
　 8.Your　dog nｅeds　at ｌeast 20 mｉnutes oｆ ｖｉｇｏrous　ｅxercise eｖerｙ day.
　 A.energｅtic
　Ｂ．ｆｒee
C．pｈysｉｃal
　Ｄ．regular
　９．Ｉ eｎjoyed tｈｅ　pｌay－it　had ａ　cｌｅvｅr pｌot and vｅry ｆunnｙ dialoｇues．
　　A.ｂｏring
　 B．orｉginaｌ
　Ｃ.hｕmoｒouｓ
　 D．lonｇ
　　10.Ｌoｗer taxeｓ would sｐｕr invｅsｔment aｎd　heｌp ecoｎｏmｉｃ growｔh.
Ａ.attｒact
　 B.spenｄ
Ｃ．encouragｅ
　 D.reｑuire
　　1１.Ｈe　demoｌｉｓhed my arguｍenｔ　iｎ　minｕtes.
A.supporｔeｄ
　B.ｄiｓprovｅd
　 C．disputｅｄ
　　D．accｅpｔed
　　1２．The two ｂankｓ have annoｕｎced plans　ｔo mｅrgｅ ｎｅｘt　yｅar.
A．cloｓe
　　B.sell
　　Ｃ．ｂreak
　 D．combｉｎｅ
　 13．Heｒ father ｗas a　quiet ｍａn with　gｒａcefuｌ ｍannｅrｓ．
A．polite
　 B.usual
　　C．bad
　　Ｄ．simiｌar
14.Tｈe pｒｏjeｃｔ ｒequｉred teｎ ｙears of diligent ｒeｓearch.
　　A．hardwｏrkｉng
　B．sｏciａl
C．basiｃ
　 D．scienｔiｆiｃ
　　１5．Ｈe ｗas ｋepｔ ｉn appalling conditiｏns in　ｐrison．
　A.necessaｒy
B．ｔeｒriｂle
　　Ｃ．ｃriticａl
D.normａｌ
　第2部分：阅读判断(第1６~22题,每题1分，共7分)
　 下面旳短文后列出了7个句子,请根据短文旳内容对每个句子做出判断:假如该句提供旳是对旳信息,请选择Ａ；假如该句提供旳是错误信息，请选择Ｂ;假如该句旳信息文中没有提及，请选择C。
　　Cａlifornia Ｇiｖｅs　Gｒeen Light to Sｐaｃｅ Solａｒ Ｐｏwｅr
Energy bｅamed down from　ｓpａcｅ is ｏne sｔep　closeｒ　ｔo　ｒｅality，now that California has　given the greeｎ lｉghｔ ｔo an aｇrｅeｍｅnt that would see tｈe Ｐａｃific Gａs ａｎｄ Eｌectric Ｃomｐａnｙ　buy 200 ｍegawatt （兆瓦)oｆ ｐoweｒ bｅamｅd dｏwn frｏm solar-powｅｒ satellｉtes　beginniｎg in ２023.But soｍe major cｈal lenｇeｓ ｗill have ｔo be overcomeｄ if　the　tｅcｈｎoｌｏgy is tｏ be used wideｌy．
　A start－up ｃompanｙ ｃalｌeｄ Sｏlarｅn iｓ desｉｇninｇ the satellｉtｅs，whicｈ ｉt ｓaｙｓ will use radiｏ wａveｓ　to ｂeam energy　dowｎ to a reｃeiviｎg ｓtatioｎ　oｎ Earｔｈ.
Thｅ aｔｔraction ｏf colｌectｉｎg sｏlar poｗer in sｐａｃｅ ｉs the ａlｍｏst uninterrupted　sunshiｎe avaｉｌａble ｉn ｅoｓｙnchroｎoｕｓ(与地球同步旳)orbｉt.Ｅarth－bａseｄ sｏlａr celｌs,by cｏntrasｔ,ｃaｎ onｌｙ collecｔ sｕｎ.
　 Liｇhｔ　duｒｉng　ｄaｙtime ａnd when ｓkｉeｓ　ａre clear.
　 But spaｃe－baseｄ soｌar poweｒ muｓｔ graｐple(努力克服)wｉｔｈ the hiｇｈ cｏst　per kilｏｇram of launchｉng thiｎgs iｎtｏ ｓpａｃe，says　Ｒichard Schwartz of Purdｕｅ Ｕniversitｙ　in　West Lafaｙettｅ，Indiaｎａ， ＂Ｉf you'ｒｅ tａlkinｇ about　it being ｅconomically vｉable　oｒ power of the Ｅarth，it's a tougｈ　go.＂ｈe　says．
　　Ｃal　Boeｒmａn,Sｏｌareｎ's director of enｅrｇy seｒｖiceｓ,ｓays　tｈe　company desｉgｎed ｉｔs　saｔｅlｌｉtes with　a view tｏ ｋeepinｇ　launch costｓ dowｎ."Wｅ ｋｎｅｗ we ｈad to ｃoｍe up　with a diffｅrent，revolu-tioｎaｒｙ　ｄesiｇn,"hｅ says．A ｐaｔenｔ tｈe coｍｐany haｓ won　ｄescribes ｗaｙｓ　to　rｅｄuce tｈｅ syｓtem'Sweｉgｈt,iｎcludiｎg uｓｉng ｉｎflａｔabｌe minｏrs　tｏ　focus ｓｕnｌｉgｈt oｎ solar cells,so ａ　sｍaｌleｒ nuｍbeｒ　canｃollect the ｓaｍe amount of　eｎｅｒｇy.
　　Bｕt　uｓｉng mｉnoｒｓ iｎtroｄuceｓ　other chaＨengｅｓ，iｎｃｌuｄｉng ｋeeping ｔhe　solaｒ cellｓ froｍ oｖeｒheａ-tiｎg,says　Ｓchwartz."Yｏu haｖe　ｔo tａke ｃａre　of　heat　dissipａｔｉoｎ(散发）beｃause　yoｕ＇re now ｃoncen－ｔraｔinｇ a ｌoｔ　of ｅｎergy in　one　ｐlaｃe，"hｅ sａys.Accorｄｉｎg to thｅ　ｃoｍpaｎy＇s patent,Ｓolａrｅn's solarcelｌs　wilｌ ｂｅ　ｃoｎｎeｃtｅd ｔo radiatｏｒs to　help　keep thｅm cｏoｌ.
Tｈouｇh　Ｂｏｅrman says　the cｏmｐany believｅs it can mａｋe　spaｃe-basｅｄ ｓolar powｅｒ ｗork，it iｓ ｎotexｐｅｃtinｇ ｔo ｃrowd out other ｆorｍs　of reｎｅｗablｅ enerｇｙ．Laｗs　in Ｃalifoｒniａ and otheｒ states　requｉrｅiｎcrｅasinｇ use of　ｒenewａbｌe　ｅnｅｒgy　in cｏmiｎｇ ｙearｓ,he poｉnts　out."Ｔo　meeｔ tｈosｅ ｎeeds，ｗｅ're ｇo-ｉｎｇ to need ａlｌ types ｏf renewable enｅrgy　sourｃes,＂he says.
16．Solaｒ-poｗer sａteｌlｉｔes will use raｄiｏ wａｖｅs　to　beａｍ enｅｒgｙ down　ｆroｍ sｐaｃｅ．
　 A.Rigｈt
　B．Wronｇ
　 C.Not ｍentioneｄ
　　1７．Solaren　is　gｏiｎg　to design ２00 ｓolaｒ-ｐowｅｒ　sateｌlｉｔｅｓ．
　 A．Ｒigｈt
　B.Ｗrong
　　C．Nｏt mentioned
　1８.Sｐacｅ－ｂased ｓolar ｃells　could　colleｃｔ solar　ｐoweｒ only when skieｓ　are clear．
A．Right
　　B．Wｒong
　　Ｃ．Not ｍentioｎｅd
　　19．One aｄｖantaｇｅ of spacｅ-baｓed　solar ｐｏwer sysｔｅm　is that it ｉs ecｏnomｉcal.
　Ａ.Right
B.Wroｎｇ
Ｃ.Not mentｉoｎｅd
　 2０．Ｉnflａtable　ｍinｏrs are　usｅd　to rｅduｃe　thｅ　space－based solaｒ power　system.
A.Righｔ
　 B．Wroｎｇ
　 Ｃ.Ｎot　mentionｅd
　　2１.Spaｃe-ｂased sｏlar power ｗｉll　rule ｏuｔ ｏthｅr fｏrｍs oｆ reｎewａble eｎｅｒgy sｏurceｓ.
A．Right
B．Wrｏng
　Ｃ．Not ｍenｔioned
２2．Many cｏuｎｔｒieｓ will ｇrａnｔ pｅrmission for thｅ ｕｓe of　spacｅd-based ｓｏlaｒ　poｗer　sｏon．
Ａ.Rｉｇhｔ
　 B．Wroｎｇ
　C.Ｎot ｍｅntioned
第3部分:概括大意与完毕句子(第23~3０题，每题1分，共8分)
下面旳短文后有2项测试任务：
　 （1)第23～２6题规定从所给旳6个选项中为第2-5段每段选择1个最佳标题；
　(2）第２7～30题规定从所给旳６个选项中为每个句子确定1个最佳选项。
Ｎａturaｌ Ｇas
　1 Nａturaｌ gａs is　prｏｄucｅd ｆｒｏm　ｒeserｖoｉrs dｅep　beneatｈ ｔhe ｅaｒth's　ｓurfaｃｅ．It ｉs ａ　fossil　fuel
　 (矿物质燃料)，ｍeａｎing　ｔhaｔ it ｉｓ ｄerived from orｇanｉc　mａterial buriｅd　in　ｔhe eartｈ miｌliｏns ｏｆ yeaｒsago.The ｍaiｎ compoｎent ｏf ｎaｔｕrａｌ gas　is methaｎe(甲烷).
２ Ｔｈｅ ｐｏｐuｌａrity　ａnｄ uｓe of ｃｌeaｎ natｕraｌ gas ｈaｓ iｎcreａseｄ ｄｒａmaticallｙ oｖer ｔhe ｐast 5０ years　as pｉpeｌine infｒasｔrｕcｔuｒe(基础设施）has beｅn instalｌed to ｄeliver it　coｎｖeniently　and economicaｌly to mｉllions of rｅｓiｄentｉal，ｃoｍmｅrciａｌ and inｄustriaｌ cｕsｔomeｒs worldｗide.Today，nａtｕral gａs serviceis aｖａilable in alｌ 50 ｓtaｔeｓ in thｅ Ｕ．Ｓ．,aｎｄ ｉs tｈe leadiｎg eneｒgy cｈoice ｆor ｆueling Ａmeｒicａnhomeｓ ａnd　iｄｕstries。More than 65 millioｎ Ameｒican　ｈomｅｓ usｅ ｎaｔural gas．Iｎ　fact,natural gas iｓthｅ most economical ｓouｒｃe　ｆoｒ　home ｅｎerｇｙ neｅds，coｓtinｇ　onｅ-tｈird aｓ mucｈ as elecｔriｃitｙ.In　ａddi-tｉｏｎ tｏ heaｔiｎｇ　ｈoｍeｓ,much of ｔhｅ gas used　ｉn　thｅ　Uｎｉteｄ Sｔates　iｓ　useｄ aｓ ａ　raw material ｔo ｍanu－facture a wide varieｔy of pｒoｄｕcts，ｆrom paint，to ｆibeｒs for　clothiｎg，tｏ pｌａsｔｉcs foｒ ｈeahhcare，con-ｐutｉng　and　ｆｕrｎｉshinｇs.Nａtural ｇaｓ is alsｏ uｓｅｄ iｎ　a ｓigｎifｉｃant numbeｒ ｏf nｅｗ eleｃtriｃｉty-ｇenerating power pｌanｔs．
3 Natｕｒａｌ gaｓ iｓ ｏne of the safest ａnd ｃｌeaｎest ｆuels　avａilａblｅ.Ｉt eｍits lesｓ　pｏlluｔion tｈan　oｔh-eｒ fossｉl fuel soｕrcｅs．When natural　gas ｉs bｕｒｎed，it　prｏｄucｅs mｏstlｙ cａrbon　dｉoxide（二氧化碳） and　wａter vapor－ｔｈe　sａｍe　sｕｂstancｅs　emitted wｈen humａnｓ eｘhａle.Comparｅd　ｗith ｓｏmｅ oｔhｅr fｏｓ－sｉｌ　ｆuelｓ，naturａl ｇas emitｓ the ｌeａst amoｕnt of ｃarbon ｄｉｏｘｉｄe ｉnｔo the aｉｒ ｗhｅn ｃｏmbusted(燃烧），　makｉng　naｔuｒａl gas ｔhe cｌeaｎeｓt burnｉng fｏssｉl fueｌ oｆ a1１．
4 Tｈe Ｕnｉteｄ Ｓｔａtｅs cｏnｓuｍes abｏut　oｎe－ｔhiｒd　ｏf ｔhe woｒld'S natｕｒal ｇas　ouｔput，makｉng ｉｔ tｈｅ larｇest gas－consuｍｉng　regｉon ｉｎ ｔｈe wｏｒlｄ.The U.S.Deｐartment ｏf Enｅrgy'S Energy　Infoｒmａtｉｏn　Ad-ministraｔiｏn foreｃａsts　that　naturａl gas ｄeｍａｎd wiｌl grｏｗ by ｍore thａn　５0 peｒcent by　2025.
　５ There are huge rｅseｒves　of naｔural gaｓ ｂeneａth tｈe eａrｔh's　surfaｃｅ．Thｅ largest resｅrｖes of ｎatural gaｓ ｃａn bｅ found　iｎ Rｕｓsia，Ｗest　aｎd　Noｒtｈ Africa and tｈe Middle East.LNＧ(液化天然气)hａs ｂeen prｏｄｕced domeｓtically　ａnd　imported in　thｅ Unｉted　Ｓｔａtｅs　for　moｒe than ｆｏur decａdes．
Ｔoday，tｈｅ leading　iｍportes of LＮG arｅ Ｊapan，Ｋorｅa,Fｒanｃe ａnｄ　Spａin．
　 2３.Paraｇｒａph 2_＿＿＿____＿．
2４.Paｒａgrａｐｈ 3______＿_．
２5．Paragraph ４_______＿_．
26.Pａrａｇrａph 5__＿__＿_＿.
　　A.Populａrity　and　use of naｔuｒal　gａs
　B.Natｕral gas rｅseｒves　and suppｌy
　 C．Ｎatural gａs pｒｉces
　 Ｄ.Clean fueｌ oｆ　ｃhoｉcｅ
E．Diｓadｖantageｓ of naturaｌ gａｓ
F.Natｕral　gas conｓumｐtｉon
　 ２7.Nａｔuraｌ gas is stｏrｅｄ dｅep__＿_____．
　28.Nａｔuｒal　gａs iｓ recognized as the mｏsｔ ｅconomiｃaｌ ｅnｅrgy soｕrce＿_＿__＿＿__.
　　29.When　manufacturing many　pｒｏdｕcｔs，pｅｏple cｏmmｏnlｙ use nａｔｕｒal gas_＿_____＿__＿＿．
30.It is eｓtimated that by 2025　that natural gas demand in the　Unｉｔed Staｔｅs　will inｃrease___＿＿____.
A．oveｒ the past 50 years
　 B．beｎeａtｈ　the earｔh surfａｃｅ
Ｃ．by ｍore ｔhan ５0　peｒceｎt
　　D.for more ｔhａn　fouｒ deｃades
E.as　a raw materｉal
　 Ｆ.ｆｏr home ｅnergy needｓ
　 第４部分:阅读理解(第3ｌ～４5题，每题３分,共45分)
　 下面有3篇短文，每篇短文后有5道题。请根据短文内容，为每题确定1个最佳选项。
　　第一篇
　Ｈow　thｅ　Fiｒst Ｓtars in ｔhe Univeｒｓｅ Cａmｅ inｔo Exｉstence
Hｏｗ thｅ fｉｒst stars　fｏrmｅd fｒｏｍ thiｓ　dusｔ aｎｄ gas ｈas beｅｎ a burnｉｎｇ queｓtｉon foｒ yeａrs，ｂuｔ　a sｔａtｅ-ｏｆ-ｔhe-aｒt ｃomputer　siｍulaｔion now offｅｒs　tｈe most detailｅd pictuｒe　yｅｔ　of how　these first stars　in tｈe uｎｉｖerse　came inｔｏ　ｅxistｅｎce,reｓｅaｒcheｒs saｙ．
　　Tｈe composition　of　ｔhe earｌy uｎｉｖerse was quite ｄiffereｎｔ fｒom　that of　ｔoday,and the　ｐｈysｉcs tｈat　goｖernｅd the　earｌy　univerｓｅ were　ａlso ｓｏmewhat simpler．Ｄｒ.Naoki Yoshiｄa aｎd collｅaguｅs in　Japａn aｎd　ｔhe U．Ｓ.iｎｃorporated ｔhese　ｃonditiｏnｓ　ｏf ｔhe ｅarly ｕniveｒse，sometiｍes refeｒrｅd to ａｓ tｈe ＂cosmic ｄａrｋ aｇes,"tｏ ｓimulate ｔhｅ fｏrmａtｉon of ａｎ aｓtronomiｃaｌ　obｊｅct tｈat ｗoｕlｄ evenｔuaｌｌｙ ｓhiｎe its light iｎto ｔhiｓ daｒｋness.
Ｔhe rｅｓｕlt　ｉｓ a detailed dｅｓｃｒiptiｏn of the ｆormatｉｏn of ａ protostar－the earlｙ stａge of　a massive primordｉaｌ sｔａr of our universｅ,ａnd thｅ reseａrchers'compuｔｅｒ　simｕlａtiｏn,which hａs ｂeen calｌed ａ "cosmｉc Rosetｔa Stoｎe．＂sets　the bar for further invｅstigatioｎ into the star　ｆormatiｏｎ procｅss.Tｈe qｕｅstiｏn oｆ hｏw ｔhe ｆiｒst sｔarｓ evoｌved ｉs so ｉｍportant because their forｍatｉｏｎｓ and ｅｖenｔｕal　ｅxplo-sionｓ ｐrovided　the seeｄs for ｓubseqｕｅｎｔ　starｓ to come inｔo beｉng.
　 According to　thｅiｒ ｓｉmｕlatioｎ,grａｖｉty actｅd on minuｔe deｎｓｉty variations　in matter,gaｓeｓ，and　the ｍｙｓｔｅｒｉouｓ"daｒｋ maｔter'＇of tｈe unｉverse after tｈｅ Ｂig Ｂanｇ iｎ　oｒｄer　ｔo fｏrm　thiｓ ｅarｌy　stａge of　a staｒ-a　protostar with　a mass of just oｎe percent ｏf　ｏｕr　sun．Thｅ siｍuｌation reveaｌs how pｒe-stｅllａｒ gases　ｗould haｖe ａｃｔｕally　eｖｏlved undeｒ the ｓｉmｐler　physｉcｓ　of ｔhｅ　early uniｖｅrse　to form thｉs　protosｔaｒ．
　 Dｒ．Yoshida's sｉｍｕlation ａlso　ｓｈoｗs tｈaｔ the prｏtoｓｔar ｗoｕlｄ lｉkely　ｅvolve ｉｎｔｏ　a massｉve star　capａbｌｅof ｓyntｈeｓizing　hｅａvy ｅlemｅnts,noｔ　jｕｓt ｉn　ｌater　geneｒatｉons of　sｔars,ｂuｔ　sooｎ　after ｔhe　Ｂｉg Bang．
"This　ｇenｅal ｐicｔurｅ of star foｒmａtion，and tｈｅ　abiliｔy to cｏmpaｒe how stellar　oｂjeｃtｓ form ｉn　diffｅrent time ｐeriｏds　and regiｏｎｓ　of thｅ ｕniveｒse,will　ｅvenｔuaｌly aｌlow iｎvestｉgａtｉoｎ　into tｈe oｒigiｎsof lｉｆe anｄ planｅts，"said Ｌarｓ　Ｈerｎquiｓt,a Pｒofessｏr oｆ Aｓｔrｏｎｏmy at Harvard Univｅｒsｉty anｄ a coautｈoｒ oｆ this lateｓt rｅport．"The　abuｎｄancｅ ｏf elements iｎ thｅ ｕｎiveｒse　ｈas incｒeasｅd as stars　haveａccumulatｅｄ,"he　ｓayｓ,"and　tｈe formaｔion　ａnd ｄesｔrｕctioｎ oｆ stars contｉnues　ｔo spread thesｅ ele． mentｓ　fｕrtheｒ across the univeｒse．So whｅn yｏu tｈink aboｕｔ iｔ．a1１ of　thｅ eｌｅments　ｉn　our　ｂodies origｉnａlly　foｒmｅd ｆrom nuclear reacｔiｏns　in the centers oｆ　stars，loｎg　agｏ．"
Ｔheiｒ　sｉmulatioｎ ｏf the birｔh ｏf ａ protostar in　tｈe earｌy ｕniveｒse　sigｎiｆies a　key step　toward tｈeamｂitious　ｇoal oｆ　pｉeｃing together thｅ ｆormatiｏｎ of an entｉrｅ　primoｒｄｉaｌ star ａnd of ｐrｅdｉｃting ｔｈｅ maｓsand prｏpertｉｅs of thesｅ firｓｔ stars　ｏｆ tｈe　universｅ.More ｐoweｒful comｐuｔｅrｓ,mｏrｅ phｙｓicaｌ datａ,aｎdan　eveｎ largeｒ　rａnge　wｉlｌ be　ｎeeｄed fｏr furtｈｅr calcｕlａtｉonｓ aｎｄ simulａtioｎs，bｕt these rｅseaｒchers hｏpe to eventuａllｙ ｅｘteｎｄ this ｓｉmulatｉoｎ tｏ the pｏint ｏf ｎucｌeａr rｅａｃtiｏn iｎ．ｉtiatｉoｎ－whｅｎ　ａ stellａｒ oｂ. ject　becomｅs a tｒue ｓtａr.
　　"Dｒ．Ｙoshｉdａ　has tａｋen ｔｈe sｔudy oｆ prｉmoｒdial stａr formatｉｏｎ to a nｅw ｌeｖeｌ ｗｉｔh tｈis　ｓiｍulatiｏn,but ｉｔ ｓｔill ｇetｓ us　ｏnly ｔo ｔhe hａｌfwａy poinｔ towards ｏｕｒ　final goal．Ｉｔ iｓ like lａｙinｇ　ｔhe fｏｕndａtｉｏn of a　skｙscraｐeｒ,＂sａid Volkeｒ Bｒomｍ，Ａssisｔanｔ Pｒoｆessｏr oｆ Ａstｒonoｍy at　thｅ Universiｔｙ ｏｆ Tex． as，Auｓtin and the　autｈor ｏf a　companｉoｎ article．"Ｗe musｔ cｏnｔinue oｕr studies　ｉn tｈis areａ to un－derｓtand how ｔhｅ　initiaｌlｙ ｔiｎｙ ｐｒｏtostａｒ groｗs,lａyeｒ by layｅｒ,to eveｎtuａlly foｒm a　masｓｉvｅ　sｔａr．Buｔhere,the physｉcs beｃome muｃh more comｐｌｉcatｅd and even　ｍoｒｅ ｃomｐutatiｏｎａl ｒeｓourceｓ　ａre neｅｄed.＂
　31．Accordｉng to the first twｏ ｐarａgraphs,the early unｉｖerｓe_______.
　　A．was ｇovernｅd ｂy simpｌｅr phｙsiｃs
B.gｏt　fｅwer stars　ｓhｉnninｇ in ｉt
C.started　ｏver　13 bｉllion　yeaｒs ａgo
　　D．was coｍpoｓｅｄ　in ａ way　sｉmｉlar to　thａt　of tｏday
　　32．Wｈａｔ cａｎ　tｈe　state-oｆ-ｔhｅ．ａrt cｏmpｕｔer simulaｔion tell ｕs aｂｏｕt?
　 A.Hｏｗ ｔhe　Big Ｂang　occurred ａbｏｕｔ 13　billion years aｇo．
　　B.How＂cosmic ｄａrk ａgｅｓ"camｅ ｉnto exiｓtence.
　 C．Hｏｗ duｓt graiｎｓ anｄ gases wｅre　ｆormｅd afｔeｒ the Big Bang．
　Ｄ.Hｏw the fｉrst stars canｌe inｔo bｅｉng aｆｔer tｈe Big Bang．
　3３．Wｈat dｏes tｈe"ａｓtronomical objｅct"ｉｎ pａrａｇraph 2 rｅｆｅr to?
　 A．cosmｉc darｋ ages．
　B.dusｔ gｒａiｎｓ and gaｓes．
　 C.a　ｐroｔostａｒ.
　 D.tｈｅ earlｙ uｎivｅrｓｅ.
　　34．Ａccoｒdｉng tｏ pａragｒaｐh 4，what ｉs NOT ｔｒue aboｕt a　pｒoｔostａｒ?
　 A．Iｔ　develｏｐｅd into ａ massive ｓtaｒ duriｎｇ　ｔhe Ｂig Bａng．
B.Ｉt evolvｅｄ ｆrom　pre-steｌlａｒ gａsｅｓ．
　C．It ｗas ａble to inｔegraｔe heａvy　ｅｌeｍents wｈen evolvｉng iｎtｏ　ａ　massive staｒ.
　D.Iｔ had ａ maｓｓ of ｏne ｐercｅnt oｆ thｅ ｓun.
　35．Accoｒdｉnｇ tｏ thｅ　lａｓt ｐaraｇraph,all　oｆ tｈe ｆollowiｎg are goalｓ of　the simulatｉon　projeｃt EXＣEＰＴ
　 A．ｔo knｏw moｒe　aｂｏut tｈe ｍaｓｓ　aｎｄ pｒopeｒtｉｅs ｏf the firsｔ　ｓtaｒs ｏf the ｕｎiverｓｅ
B.tｏ simulaｔe the proｃｅss　of how the ｅaｒly unｉｖｅrse bｅｇaｎ
　　C．ｔo applｙ tｈe ｓｉmuｌatｉoｎ to the　study of nuｃleａr reaction　iniｔｉatiｏn
　 Ｄ．tｏ disｃoｖeｒ　ｔhｅ truｔh aｂoｕt ｔhe　formatiｏn oｆ ａ prｏｔｏｓtaｒ
　第二篇
　　The Iceman
　Oｎ ａ Seｐtemｂer,day　ｉｎ 1991,ｔwｏ Gｅrmans ｗｅre ｃｌｉmbing tｈe mountain betｗeeｎ Austra　ａnd Iｔa. 1y．High up on a mｏuntaｉn pａｓs，they fouｎd the　bｏｄｙ of　ａ ｍan lｙｉｎg on the icｅ.At　that　ｈeigｈt　（10,499 ｆeeｔ,ｏｒ ３,2０0 meｔers),ｔhe icｅ iｓ uｓuａllｙ　permａnｅnt，ｂut 1991　had been an esｐeciaｌly
　ｗarm　year．Tｈｅ mｏｕntain icｅ haｄ meｌtｅｄ more than iuｓt usｕａl ａnｄ so the ｂｏｄｙ had　ｃome　to tｈｅ　suｒfacｅ．Ｉt　waｓ　lying faｃｅ　ｄownward.The sｋeleton（骨架）was ｉｎ ｐｅrfect cｏndｉtioｎ exｃｅpｔ ａ ｗounｄ on tｈe head．remaｉns of some cloｔheｓ.Ｔｈｅ hａnｄｓ　wｅre ｓｔｉｌl hoｌｄｉng the　ｗoｏdeｎ haｎｄlｅ　of an ax anｄ ｏn ｔｈe feeｔ　ｔｈeｒe wｅｒe　ｖｅrｙ　sｉmpｌe lｅather aｎd clｏtｈ boots．Neaｒby　was a　paｉr of ｇlovｅs made of　treｅ bark　(树皮)and a hoｌdｅｒ for ａｒrows.
　　Whｏ was　ｔhe ｍaｎ?Hoｗ and ｗｈen　had hｅ　died?Ｅverybody had a dｉfferｅnt　ansｗｅｒ　to　thesｅ ｑｕｅstiｏnｓ．Some　pｅoplｅ thoughｔ thaｔ　it ｗas from this centuｒｙ,ｐerhaps the ｂｏｄy ｏf a solｄiｅr who ｄied　in Ｗorlｄ　Ｗar I,ｓince　ｓｅveral　soｌdiers hａd aｌreａdｙ　beｅｎ fouｎｄ　iｎ thｉｓ arｅa．A Sｗiss　woman　who believｅｄ it might be hｅr ｆａthｅr,who hａd dｉed　in thoｓe　mountａｉｎs　ｔwｅnty yeaｒs befoｒe anｄ whｏse ｂｏdy had　never beｅn found．Tｈｅ　sｃienｔisｔｓ　ｗhｏ ｒushｅd to　look aｔ　ｔhe　boｄｙ thought it was ｐrobaｂlｙ　mucｈ　oldeｒ,mａyｂe eveｎ a thousand　yｅarｓ　old.
　　With　modｅm ｄating tecｈniqueｓ，ｔhｅ　ｓcienｔiｓts ｓｏｏｎ learｎed tｈaｔ ｔｈｅ icemａn was aboｕt 5，30０　years　old.Boｒn in ａboｕt 3３00 B.Ｃ．,he ｌｉvｅｄ durｉng　ｔhe Brｏnze Age in Europe.At firｓt sｃientｉsts thought he wａs probably a huntｅr　ｗho had ｄｉed from　an aｃcidenｔ iｎ ｔｈe hｉgh　ｍountａinｓ.Morｅ　rｅcent eｖidence，hoｗｅver，tells ａ diffeｒent　story．A nｅw ｋind of　X-ｒaｙ shows ａｎ arｒowｈead　ｓtilｌ　sｔuck in　hiｓ shouｌder.Ｉt　leｆt onlｙ　a tiny holｅ in his skin，ｂut iｔ　cauｓed inｔernal daｍage　and bｌｅeｄinｇ.He almost certainly dｉed from this ｗoｕnd,aｎd　nｏt　fｒom tｈe wound ｏil　tｈe back oｆ hiｓ ｈeａd．This　means tｈａｔ he waｓ probａbly iｎ sｏｍe ｋind ｏf battle.It may　ｈａｖe beeｎ