人教版八年级上册英语知识点归纳.pdf

-1-八年级英语上册知识点总结Unit 1:How oftendo you exercise?【复习目标】会使用频率副词及短语；能描述课余时间的活动安排；会描述基本饮食结构。【语言目标】What do you usuallydo on weekends?Isometimesgo to the beach.How oftendo you eat vegetables?EverydayMost studentsdo homeworkevery day.【重点词汇】always,usually,often,sometimes,hardly,ever,never.how often,once,twice,three times a week,everyday.【应掌握的词组】1.go to the movies去看电影2.lookafter=take care of 照顾3.surfthe internet上网4.healthylifestyle健康的生活方式5.go skate boarding去滑板6.keep healthy=stayhealthy保持健康7.exercise=take(much)exercise=dosports锻炼8.eatinghabits饮食习惯9.take more exercise做更多的运动10.the same as 与什么相同11.be differentfrom 不同12.once a month一月一次13.twice a week 一周两次14.make a differenceto 对什么有影响15.how often 多久一次16.although=though虽然17.mostof the students=moststudents18.shop=goshopping=dosome shopping购物19.as for 至于20.activitysurvey活动调查21.do homework做家庭作业22.do housework做家务事23.eat less meat 吃更少的肉24.junk food垃圾食物25.be goodfor 对什么有益26.be bad for 对什么有害27.want to do sth 想做某事28.want sb to do sth 想某人做某事29.try to do sth 尽量做某事e homefrom school放学回家31.of course=certainly=sure 当然32.get goodgrades取得好成绩33.some advice34.hardly=notnearly/almostnot 几乎不35.keep/bein goodhealth保持健康36.be stressedout 紧张的，有压力的37.take a vacation去度假48.get back 回来【应掌握的句子】1.How oftendo you exercise?你（你们）多久锻炼一次身体？How often+助动词 do(does或 did)+主语+dosth.?疑问词 how often 是问频率(多久一次),（在这里助动词do(does或 did)是起帮助构成疑问的作用）与一般现在时或一般过去时连用，回答一般是用表示频率的副词，如：once,twice,three times,sometimes,often,quite,often,never,everyday,once a week,twicea month,three timesa month,three or four timesa month等。翻译：“你们多久到工厂去一次？”“每星期两次。”“Howoftendo you go to the factory?”“Twicea week.”“他们多长时间举办一次舞会？”“通常每两周举办一次。”“Howoftendo theyhave a dancingparty?”“Usually,onceevery other week.”“他多久去购一次物？”“一个月一次。”“Howoftendoes he go shopping?”“Hegoes shoppingonce a month.”2.“Whatdo you usuallydo on weekends?”“I usuallyplay soccer.”“周末你通常做什么？”“我通常踢足球。”第一个 do 为助动词,在这起帮助构成疑问的作用；而第二个 do 则是实义动词。翻译：What do you usuallydo on weekends?I oftengo tothe movies.What doesshe usuallydo on weekends?She sometimesgo hiking.3.“Whatsyourfavoriteprogram?”“It sAnimalWorld.”=What programdo you like best?“你最喜欢什么节目？”“动物世界。”4.As for homework,moststudentsdo homeworkevery day.-2-as for.意思是“至于；关于”，常用于句首作状语，其后跟名词、代词或动词的-ing 形式（即动名词）。如：As for him，I neverwant to see him here.至于他，我永远不希望在这里见到。As for the story，youdbetternot believeit.关于那故事，你最好不要相信。翻译：至于我自己，我现在不想去。(As for myself,I dontwantto go now.)至于那个人，我什么都不知道。(As for the man,I knownothingabouthim.)5.Mom wantsme to get up at 6:00 and play ping-pongwithher.wantto do sth.意思是“想要做某事”；wantsb.to do sth.意思是“想要某人做某事”。如：Do you want to go to the movieswithme？你想和我一起去看电影吗？The teacherdoesntwant us to eat hamburgers.老师不想让我们吃汉堡包。6.She says it sgoodfor my health.be good for.表示“对 有益（有好处）”;其反义为：bebad for.。（这里 for 是介词，后跟名词、代词或动名词）如：Its goodfor us to do more reading.多读书对我们有好处。Readingin bed is bad for your eyes.在床上读书对你的眼睛有害。7.How many hoursdo you sleep every night?8.I exerciseevery day,usuallywhen I come homefromschool.9.My eatinghabitsare prettygood.这里 pretty相当于 very。10.I try to eat a lot of vegetables,usuallyten toeleventimesa week.try to do sth.表示“尽力做某事”，不包含是否成功的意思而 try doingsth.表示“（用某一办法）试着去做某事”。如:You dbettertry doingthe experimentin anotherway.你最好试试用另一种方法做这个试验。11.My healthylifestylehelpsme get good grades.help sb.(to)do sth.帮助某人做某事12.Good foodand exercisehelp me to studybetter.这里 better是 well 的比较级，而不是good 的比较级13.Is her lifestylethe same as yoursor different?Is her lifestylethe same as your lifestyleor is herlifestyledifferentfrom yours?be the same as /bedifferentfrom 14.What sportsdo you play?15.A lot of vegetableshelp you to keep in goodhealth.keep in goodhealth=keep healthy=stay healthy16.You musttry to eat less meat.try to do sth.表示“尽力做某事”,不包含是否成功的意思,less 是 little的比较级17.That soundsinteresting.这是“主语+系动词+表语”结构的简单句。sound（听起来），look（看起来），smell（闻起来），taste（尝起来），feel（觉得），seem（好象），grow（变得）,get（变得）等词在英语中可用作系动词，后跟形容词作表语。如：It tastesgood.这味道好。The musicsoundsvery sweet.这音乐听起来很入耳。The smokegrew heavierand heavier.烟雾变得越来越浓了。【词语辨析】一、maybe/may be1.The babyis cryingshe is hungry.2.The womana teacher.maybe是副词，意为“大概，可能，或许”，一般用于句首。May be 是情态动词，意为“可能是.，也许是.，大概是.”.二、a few/few/a little/littlea few(少数的，几个，一些)a little(一点儿，少量)表示肯定few(很少的，几乎没有的)little(很少的，几乎没有的)表示否定修饰可数名词修饰不可数名词三、none/no onenone 指人或物，强调数量，用how many 提问，常与of连用。no one 多指人，强调“无人”这种状态，用who 提问，不可与 of 连用，作主语时，其谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。四、hard/hardlyhard 作形容词，意为“困难的，艰苦的，硬的”；作副词，意为“努力地，猛烈地”。Hardly意为“几乎不”。Unit 2 Whats the matter?【复习目标】掌握身体各部位名称的英文表达方式能表述身体的种种不适以及对他人身体的种种不适给予适当的建议【语言目标】Whats the matter?I have a headache.You shoulddrinksome tea.The soundslike agood idea.-3-I have a soreback.That s too bad.I hope you feel bettersoon.【重点词汇】head,nose,eye,ear,tooth,neck,stomach,back,leg,arm,foot,throatthirsty,stressedout,/dentist,lie,rest,honey,water,illness,advice.cold,fever,headache,toothache,stomachache,sorethroat【应掌握的词组】1.Have a cold 感冒2.sore back 背痛3.neckand neck 并驾齐驱，齐头并进4.I have a stomachache我胃痛=I have got a stomachache=There is somethingwrongwith my stomach=My stomachhurts=I have(got)a pain in mystomach5.Whats the matter?怎么了？=Whats the trouble(with you)?=Whats yourtrouble?=Whats wrong(with you)?=Whatthe matter(withyou)?=What has happenedtoyou?=Is there anythingwrong(withyou)?=whats up?6.sore throat咽喉痛7.lie downand rest 躺下休息8.see a dentist看牙医9.drinklots of water 多喝水10.hot tea with honey加蜂蜜的热茶11.That s a goodidea 好主意12.That s too bad 太糟糕了13.I thinkso 我认为如此14.I m not feelingwell.我觉得不太舒服=I m not feelingfine/allright.=I m feelingill/sick.=Ifeel terrible/bad.=I dont feel well.15.get some rest 多休息16.I have no idea=I dont know 我不知道17.stressedout 筋疲力尽18.I am tired 我累了 He is tired.他累了19.a healthylifestyle健康的生活方式20.traditionalChinesedoctors传统中医21.a balanceof yin and yang 阴阳调和22.you have too muchyin.你阴气太盛23.to eat a balancediet 饮食平衡24.healthyfood健康食品25.stay healthy保持健康=keep healthy=keepin goodhealth=keep fit26.enjoyoneself(myself,yourself,herself,himself,themselves,ourselves,itself反身代词)玩得高兴，过得愉快=have a goodtime=have a wonderfultime=havefun27.enjoysth.=like sth.(名词)喜欢某物,enjoydoingsth.喜欢做某事=like doingsthpracticedoingsth.练习做某事，mind doingsth.介意做某事，finishdoingsth.完成某事，give up doingsth.放弃做某事，cant helpdoing sth.忍不住做某事，keep doingsth.坚持做某事.（keep on doingsth./keepsb.doingsth.）be busy doingsth.忙着做某事be used todoing sth.习惯于做某事make a contributionto doingsth.为.做贡献go on doingsth.继续做某事forgetdoingsth.忘记做过某事rememberdoingsth.记得做过某事spend.(in)doing sth.花（时间）来做某事preferdoingsth.todoingsth.比起（做.）来更愿意（做.）28.at the moment=now 此刻29.Host family东道家庭30.Conversationpractice会话练习31.I m sorryto hear that.听到此事我很难过【应掌握的句子】1 Whats the matter?I have a bad cold.你怎么了？我得了重感冒。翻译：他怎么了？他胃痛。魏芳怎么了？她背痛。2Maybe you shouldsee a dentist.或许你应该看牙医。翻译：我应该上床睡觉。我们不应该上课吃东西。We shoudnt eat food inclass,3I hope you feel bettersoon.我希望你很快好起来。翻译：我希望他明天能来。I hope you will come hertomorrow.4TraditionalChinesedoctorsbelievewe need abalanceof yin and yang to be healthy.传统中医认为我们需要阴阳调和以保持身体健康。翻译：老师认为我们应该努力学习以取得好成绩。-4-Teachersthinkwe shouldstudyhard to get goodgrade.我相信每天晚上睡眠8 个小时很重要。5EatingDangshenand Huangqiherbsis also goodfor this.吃党参和黄芪等草本植物也对这有好处。翻译：吃一些蔬菜和水果对你的健康有好处。看电视太多对你的眼睛有害。WatchingTV too much is bad for youreyes.6Peoplewho are too stressedout and angrymayhave too much yang.太紧张易怒的人或许吃了太多的阳性食物。7It seasy to have a healthylifestyle,and it simportantto eat a balanceddiet.有一个健康的生活方式很容易，饮食平衡是很重要的。翻译：学好英语不是很容易的。It snot easy to studyEnglish.上课注意听讲是必要的。完成作业也很重要。8When you are tired,you shouldn t go out atnight.疲倦时，晚上你不该外出。翻译：他小的时候就知道应该努力学习。他 5 岁就上学了。我们进教室时，老师已经开始讲课了。9I believehim,but I cant believein him.他的话是真的，但是我不信任他这个人。10I am not feelingvery well at the moment.这段时间我感觉不大好。I m tired and I have a lot of headaches.我很疲劳，而且经常头痛。11I m stressedout becausemy Mandarinisn timproving.我很容易紧张，因为普通话没有长进。12I practiceplayingthe pianoevery day.我每天练习弹钢琴。翻译：他每天练习踢足球。I practiceplayingsoccereveryday.我们应该每天练习说英语。13She had finishedwritingthe letter when I wentin.我进去时，她已经写完信了。翻译：他踢完足球去游泳了。我洗完餐具后去商店了。14 The doctorasked him to give up smoking.医生叫他戒烟。翻译：不要放弃学英语。Don t give up studyingEnglish.15Do you mind closingthe window?请把窗户关上好吗？翻译：在这里吸烟你介意吗？Do you mind smokinghere?16Mary couldn t help laughingat his jokes.对于他的玩笑，玛莉忍不住笑了。翻译：听到这个消息，我忍不住哭了起来。17They kept workingthoughit was raining.尽管天在下雨，他们仍坚持工作。翻译：我们应该坚持学英语。Unit 3 What are you doing for vacation?【复习目标】会使用现在进行时态表示未来计划会使用 wh-特殊疑问句【语言目标】What are you doingfor vacation?I m spendingtime with my friends.When are you going?I m goingnext week.How longare you staying?We restayingfor two weeks.【重点词汇】babysitting,goingsightseeing,goingfishinghow long/plan,decide/at home,get back【应掌握的词组】1.babysitones sister照顾妹妹2.visit ones grandmother看望奶奶3.spendtimewith friends和朋友们一起度过时光4.visit cousins看望表弟等5.go to sportscamp 去运动野营6.o to the beach去海滩7.go camping去野营8.Go shopping去买东西9.go swimming去游泳10.go boating去划船11.go skating去溜冰12.go walking去散步13.go climbing去登山-5-14.go dancing去跳舞15.go hiking去徒步远足16.go sightseeing去观光go bike riding骑自行车旅行，go fishing去钓鱼17.go house-hunting去找房子18.o on a hike 徒步旅行，19.do some shopping买东西20.do some washing洗衣服21.do some cooking作饭22.do some reading读书23.do some speaking训练口语24.do some sewing做缝纫活25.that soundsnice 那好极了26.at home 在家27.how about=whatabout 怎么样？28.how long 多长时间29.how far 多远30.how often 多长时间一次31.how much,how many 多少32.have a good time=have fun=have a wonderfultime=enjoy oneself玩得高兴，过得愉快33.show sb.Sth.=showsth.to sb.出示某物给某人看give me the book=givethe book to me 给我书，passme the cup=passthe cup to me 把杯子递给我，sell me the house=sellthe houseto me 把房子卖给我buy me a book=buy a book for me 给我买书，make me a cake=make a cake for me 给我做蛋糕34.get back=comeback 回来35.rent videos租借影碟36.take walks=gofor a walk 散步37.thinkabout考虑38.decideon=decideupon 决定一个计划39.somethingdifferent不同的事情40a great vacation一个愉快的假期41.I cant wait 我等不及了42.the famousmovie star 著名的影星43.an excitingvacation激动人心的假期44.Ask her abouther plans向她询问她的计划ask sb.aboutsth.向某人询问某事45.forgetto do sth.忘记要做某事forgetdoingsth.忘记做过某事【应该掌握的句子】1What are you doingfor vacation?I m babysittingmy sister.假期你要做什么？我要照顾我的妹妹。翻译：周末他要做什么？他要去滑划板。李平假期要做什么？他要去野营。2 Who are you goingwith?I m goingwith my parents.你要和谁一起去？我要和父母一起去。翻译：王林要和谁一起去观光？他要和他的朋友们一起去。我要和同学们一起去游泳。我和父母要去游览长城。3When is he goingcamping?He is goingon the12th of February,2005.4I m goingto Tibet for a week.我要去西藏一周。翻译：你要去西藏多长时间？他们假期要在家里呆一个月。5What are you doingthere?I m goinghikingin themountains.你在那里要做什么？我要在山区里远足。6Show me yourphotoswhen we get back to school.我们返回学校时，你把照片拿给我看。翻译：我来把我的新照片拿给你看看。他长大时想当一名时装杂志的记者。7Where are you goingfor vacation?I m goingto Hawaiifor vacation.你要去哪度假？我要去夏威夷度假。翻译：他要去哪度假？他要去泰国度假。8I m goingto Hawaii for vacationin December,andI m stayingfor three weeks.我要在 12 月去夏威夷度假，在那里呆 3 个星期。翻译：他打算在 11 月 2 日去海南度假，在那呆大约1 个月。9What is it like there?那里什么样子？翻译：那部电视剧怎么样？那里的天气怎么样？你和谁一起去？10.Can I ask you some questionsaboutyour vacationplans?我可以问你一些有关你假期计划的问题吗？翻译：我能吃点肉吗？他向我打听你家的情况。11.He thoughtaboutgoingto Greece or Spain,butdecidedon Canada.他考虑去希腊或西班牙，但是最后他决定去加拿大。翻译：我总是在欧洲读假。这次，我想有所改变。-6-12.He is leavingthe first week in June and stayinguntilSeptember.他将在 6 月的第一个星期动身，一直呆到9 月。翻译：他想度过一个轻松的假期。我想要过一个令人兴奋的假期。13.Please dont forgetto closethe door when youleave.你离开时，请别忘记关门。14She couldn t wait to get hometo see he parents.她迫不及待的想回家看望父母。翻译：我听说泰国是一个观光游览的好地方。她星期二动身去香港。Unit 4 How do you get to school?【复习目标】学会谈论交通工具合理安排行程，并合理选用交通工具【语言目标】How do you get to school?I take the bus.How long doesit take?It takes20 minutes.How far is it?It s 10 miles.【重点词汇】get to,how far./bicycle,subway,car,train.bus stop,train station,bus station,subwaystation minute,kilometer,mile,transportation,calendar【应掌握的词组】1.get to school到校2.get home到家3.how about=whatabout.怎么样？4.take the subway乘地铁5.ride a bike 骑自行车6.take the bus 乘公共汽车7.take the train 乘火车8.take a taxi 乘坐出租车9.go in a parent scar 坐父母的车10.by bike,bike bus,by subway,by taxi,by car,bytrain(乘坐 车，放在句尾)11.have a quickbreakfast迅速吃早饭12.the early bus 早班车13.how far 多远14.take sb.to sp.带某人到某处15.doingsth.takes sb.Some time/money=It takessb.some time/moneyto do sth.=sb.spendssome time/money(on sth.)=sb.spendssome time/money(in)doingsth.=sth.costssb.some time/money=sb.pay some moneyfor sth.花费某人多少时间/金钱做某事/某人花费多少金钱/时间做某事16.bus stop 公共汽车站，train station火车站，subwaystation地铁站，bus station客运站17.want to do sth.想做某事18.walk to school步行上学19.in NorthAmerica在北美20.in other parts of the world在世界的其他地区21.dependon=dependupon依靠，靠 决定22.not all 不是所有的23.need to do sth.需要做某事24.numberof students学生数25.a numberof=many许多number前可用 large,great,small修饰其谓语是复数26.the numberof.的数量，谓语是单数27.dont worry(aboutsth./sb.)别着急(为某人/事担心28.aroundthe world=all over the world世界各地，全世界【应掌握的句子】1.How do you get to school?I walk to school.你是怎样到校的？我步行。翻译：李平怎样到校的？骑自行车。火车什么时候到站？我们是今天早上到上海的。2.How aboutthe whiteshirt?这件白衬衫怎么样？翻译：他怎么样？去游泳怎么样？3.I usuallywalk but sometimesI take the bus.我通常步行，但有时坐公共汽车。翻译：他总是骑自行车上学，但这次他乘地铁上学了。4.How long does it take you to get to school?It takesabout 10 minutesto walk and 15 minutesby bus.你需要多长时间到校？步行大约10 分钟，乘汽车15 分钟。翻译：做早操每天花费他半小时。建造这座桥工人们将花费1 年多的时间。我花了 20 分钟做作业。他花了 20 美圆买这个新玩具。5.How far is it fromhis hometo school?About10kilometers.从他家到学校有多远？大约10 公里。翻译：从地球到月球有多远？大约38 万公里远。本溪到沈阳有多远？大约70 公里远。6.Lin Fei shome is about 10 kilometersfrom school.林飞的家离学校大约10 公里-7-翻译：我们学校到望溪公园大约7 公里。7.He leavesfor schoolat aroundsix-thirty.他大约在6点 30 分动身去学校。翻译：你什么时候离开本溪的？我们下星期去北京。我们不会离开北京到大连市。8.Then the early bus takes him to school.然后，他乘坐早班车到学校。翻译：他们李平送到医院。请把书带到学校来。张强把水果从书包里拿了出来。我打算带一些苹果回家。9.Thomaswantsto knowwhere Nina lives.托马斯想要知道尼娜住在哪里。翻译：老师想知道她住的地方离学校有多远。李平想知道到学校需要多长时间。他们想知道他通常怎样到校。10.In Japan,moststudentstake trainsto school,althoughothersalso walk or ride their bikes.在日本，大部分学生乘坐火车上学，尽管其他人也步行或骑自行车。翻译：在中国，这要看你住在哪里。在大城市，学生通常骑自行车或乘坐公共汽车上学。那一定要比乘坐公共汽车要有趣得多。在中国，自行车和公共汽车是最常用的交通方式。11.A smallnumberof studentstake the subwaytoschool.小部分学生乘坐地铁上学翻译：我有许多信件要写。我们学校许多学生来自农村。说汉语的人的数量要大于说英语的人的数量。12.What do you thinkof the transportationin yourtown?你对你们镇的交通认为怎么样？翻译：你认为这本书怎么样？下雨时，我乘坐出租车。你住的离学校有多远？13.She is dead but her memorystill lives on.她虽然死了，但人们仍然怀念她。翻译：羊靠青草维持生命。Unit 5Can you come to my party?【复习目标】学习礼貌地发出、接受、拒绝邀请 谈论自己或别人必须做的事情 学会根据日程表中的计划安排自己的活动【语言目标】Can you come to my birthdayparty?Yes,I dlove to./Sorry,I cant.I have to studyfor a test.I m sorry.I m playingsocceron Saturday.When is the party?It sat seven-thirty.【语言结构】用 can 发出邀请情态动词 have to用现在进行时表示将来计划或行动【重点词汇】today,tomorrow,the day after tomorrow,next week,/lesson,invitation【应掌握的词组】e to ones party参加某人的聚会2.on Saturdayafternoon在星期六的下午3.I dlove to 我非常乐意4.I m sorry对不起5.studyfor a test 为测验而学习6.go to the doctor去看医生7.visit ones aunt看望某人的姑姑8.have a pianolesson上一堂钢琴课10.too muchhomework太多家庭作业11.muchtoo interesting有趣得多12.maybeanothertime也许下一次吧13.Thanksfor asking（inviting）谢谢邀请14.go to the baseballgame参加棒球比赛15.BirthdayParty生日聚会16.go to the mall去购物中心17.soccerpractice足球练习18.lookfor 寻找 19.find out找到，弄清楚，查明20.studyfor the math test为数学考试而学习21.play tenniswith me 和我一起打网球22.I have a reallybusyweek我一周很忙23.footballmatch足球比赛24.my cousin s birthdayparty我表弟的生日聚会25.writesoon尽快回信26.studyfor my sciencetest为科学考试而学习27.给某人打电话的几种说法：call sb.up,call sb.phonesb.telephonesb.telephoneto sb.phonesb.Upring sb.-8-give sb.a ring,give sb.a phonemake a telephonecallto sb.28.on Thursdaynight星期四晚上29.be(go)on vacation度假30.next week 下周31.join sb.加入某人一起32.Ple