高优指导2021高三英语二轮复习专题能力训练一句子结构类.doc

专题能力训练一　句子结构类
A组
1.The wise advisor has raised two pieces of advice,　　　 proves to work well. 

A.both of which B.neither of them
C.each of which D.neither of them
答案:C
解析:考查定语从句。句意:那位明智的顾问已经提出了两条建议,每一条都证明很有效。后面的proves为第三人称单数,故A项不正确;而此处应用关系代词引导定语从句,只有C项正确。
2.A strong will is a kind of quality,　　　 is 　　　 it takes to do anything well. 
A.what;which B.which;what
C.what;what D.which;that
答案:B
解析:考查定语从句和名词性从句。句意:坚强的意志是一种品质,它是把任何事做好所需要的品质。前一空用which引导非限制性定语从句,后一空则用what引导表语从句,what在表语从句中充当takes的宾语。
3.I’d appreciate 　　　 if you could help me with the heavy bag. 
A.you B.this
C.it D.myself
答案:C
解析:考查代词it的结构。句意:如果你帮我提这个箱子我会非常感激。在appreciate后跟宾语从句时,常用it作形式宾语,而将真正宾语放在后面。
4.　　　 a certain doubt among the people about how to prevent thick smog in big cities at present. 
A.There has B.It has
C.It exists D.There exists
答案:D
解析:考查there be句型。句意:人们就目前在大城市如何防止雾霾存有疑虑。这是一个there be句型,其中的动词be可以用exist,stand,lie等词代替,但不可用have,has代替。
5.At the bottom of her bed 　　　 many decorations that my daughter made for the coming new year. 
A.hangs B.hang
C.is hung D.are hung
答案:B
解析:考查主谓一致性。句意:我女儿床的底部挂着她为即将到来的新年所制作的许多装饰品。这是一个倒装句,主语是many decorations,故排除A项和C项;而hang表示“挂着”时为不及物动词,不用被动语态,故选择B项。
6.—How do you think I can make up with Tom?
—Put aside 　　　 you disagree and try to find 　　　 you have in common. 
A.what;what B.where;what
C.what;whether D.where;whether
答案:B
解析:考查状语从句和宾语从句。句意:——你觉得我怎样才能和汤姆和好?——把你不赞成的方面放一边,试图找到你们的相同点。“ 　　　 you disagree”为状语从句,空处在句中作地点状语,故第一空应用where;“　　　 you have in common”为宾语从句,空处在宾语从句中作have的宾语,故第二空应用what。 
7.He ordered that the problem 　　　 at once. 
A.would be solved B.would solve
C.be solved D.was solved
答案:C
解析:考查虚拟语气。句意:他命令所有的这些问题都应立刻解决。ordered后面是一个宾语从句,该宾语从句应用should do结构,should可以省略。而problem和solve之间为被动关系,故空处应用(should)be solved。选项C正确。
8.The government will take some effective measures to control the heavy smog 　　　 the northern China. 
A.blankets B.to be blanketed
C.blanketing D.blanketed
答案:C
解析:考查非谓语动词作状语。本句中blanket the northern China修饰名词the heavy smog,它们之间为主动关系,应用现在分词作后置定语。故C项正确。
9.Only when she began to write Growing Up Again　　　 ignoring her mum. 
A.she regretted B.she had regretted
C.did she regret D.had she regretted
答案:C
解析:考查倒装结构。句意:只有当她开始写《再次长大》时她才后悔忽视了她的妈妈。only连接的时间状语(从句)放在句首时,句子应用部分倒装。regret动作应在began之后发生,不可用过去完成时态,而应用一般过去时态。故C项正确。
10.It was while he was visiting his uncle in a mountain village 　　　 he got the inspiration for his new novel. 
A.that B.which
C.when D.where
答案:A
解析:考查强调句型。句意:他在山村拜访他叔叔时,获得了新小说的灵感。分析句子结构可知,此处使用了强调句型,其结构为“It is/was+被强调部分+that+其他”,故选A项。
B组
1.Maybe all Americans realize that 　　　 they expect to be the next president will face masses of problems. 
A.who B.whoever
C.whomever D.no matter who
答案:B
解析:考查宾语从句。句意:或许所有的美国人都意识到无论他们期望谁当下一届总统,他都将面临诸多问题。“that 　　　 they expect to be the next president will face masses of problems”是宾语从句,从句中缺少主语,“they expect to be the next president”是定语从句,再结合句意可知空处表示“无论谁”,故用whoever。 
2.I don’t believe you can do today’s job with yesterday’s methods and be in tomorrow’s business,　　　? 
A.do I B.don’t I
C.can you D.can’t you
答案:C
解析:考查反意疑问句。在反意疑问句中,当陈述部分是“I don’t think/suppose/expect/believe等+宾语从句”结构时,附加问句应与从句一致,同时要注意陈述部分的否定转移现象。分析本题的句子结构可知应选C项。
3.The old man shouted at me,“Stop stepping backward! One more step 　　　 you will fall off the cliff!” 
A.so B.and
C.or D.while
答案:B
解析:句意:那个老人对我喊道:“别向后退!再退一步你就会掉下悬崖的!”one more step是一个由名词短语构成的祈使句,相当于step backward one more step,此处是“祈使句,and+简单句”结构,表示前者祈使句所说明的情况发生,则后者简单句的情况便会发生。故选项B为正确答案。
4.　　　,his idea was accepted by all the people at the meeting. 
A.Strange as might it sound
B.As it might sound strange
C.As strange it might sound
D.Strange as it might sound
答案:D
解析:考查as的用法。句意:尽管可能听起来奇怪,但是所有与会人员都接受了他的想法。as引导让步状语从句,需要倒装,作表语的形容词或者名词应该提前,故选D项。
5.—The drought situation has been severe these days.
—If it had rained even a drop,many crops 　　　. 
A.wouldn’t die B.would die
C.wouldn’t have died D.would have died
答案:C
解析:考查虚拟语态。句意:——这几天干旱状况很严重。——如果能下点雨,很多庄稼就不会旱死了。由had rained可知是对过去的虚拟,且此处是指不会旱死,故C项正确。
6.The Yellow Mountain is 　　　 tourist attraction that millions of people pour in every year. 
A.such well-known a B.a so well-known
C.so a well-known D.such a well-known
答案:D
解析:考查结果状语从句。so...that...和such...that...都可引导结果状语从句,修饰名词时so用结构:so+adj.+a(n)+n.,而such用结构:such+a(n)+adj.+n.。
7.The teacher won’t explain 　　　 makes his students so fascinated by his lessons. 
A.what it is that B.that what it is
C.what is it that D.that what is it
答案:A
解析:考查宾语从句和强调句型。“　　　 makes...lessons”为宾语从句,空处应用陈述语序,排除C项和D项;另外,该句使用了强调句型,强调了主语what,故应将what提前引导宾语从句。 
8.The little girl cried for several minutes 　　　 her mother came to comfort her. 
A.unless B.while
C.once D.before
答案:D
解析:考查状语从句结构。句意:那小女孩哭了好几分钟她妈妈才过来安慰她。根据句意可知,此处应用before引导时间状语从句,表示“……才……”。故选项D正确。
9.Not until the woman was out of work again two months ago 　　　 going to attend a training class. 
A.had she considered B.did she consider
C.she considered D.she had considered
答案:B
解析:考查时态和倒装。句意:直到两个月前那位妇女再次失业,她才考虑去参加一门培训课。否定词not until置于句首,主句的主谓要倒装;另外,根据句意可知,consider这一动作发生在过去,应用一般过去时。
10.Put the book 　　　 it 　　　 after reading it. 
A.at the place;belongs B.which;belong to
C.where;belongs to D.where;belongs
答案:D
解析:考查状语从句结构。句意:看过后把书放在它属于的地方。前一空用where引导地点状语从句,因为belong 为不及物动词,此处where作其状语,而不需要用to。故选项D为正确答案。

C组
1.I have been living in the United States for 20 years,but seldom 　　　 so lonely as now. 
A.have I felt B.I had felt
C.I have felt D.had I felt
答案:A
解析:考查倒装和时态。句意:我在美国生活了20年了,但是很少像现在这样感到如此孤独。否定词seldom置于句首,句子要部分倒装,再根据前面的“have been living”可知此处应用现在完成时。故选A项。
2.If I were you,I would take it easy;　　　 is no need to be nervous. 
A.it B.this
C.there D.which
答案:C
解析:考查句式。There is no need to be/do...是固定句型,意为“没有必要……”。
3.　　　 scores of times,but he still couldn’t understand it. 
A.Having explained B.Having been explained
C.Though it was explained D.It was explained
答案:D
解析:考查句子结构。本句中的but是并列连词,由此可知but前后都是完整的分句。故D项正确。
4.Mary enjoys home-made food,so she seldom,　　　,eats out. 
A.if never B.if any
C.if ever D.if not
答案:C
解析:考查省略结构。句意:玛丽喜欢家常便饭,所以她如果曾在外面吃饭的话也是很少。if不和never连用;if any“如果有一些的话”;if ever“如果曾有过的话”;if not“如果不这样的话”。
5.Every means 　　　,but none proved 　　　. 
A.have tried;a success
B.have been tried;successful
C.has tried;to be successful
D.has been tried;successful
答案:D
解析:考查主谓一致及系表结构。means单复数同形,此处因前有every,故谓语应用第三人称单数,而try和every means之间为动宾关系,应用被动语态;句中prove为连系动词,后面跟形容词作表语。选项D正确。
6.Don’t stand by when you come across 　　　 have difficulty in supporting their family because of serious illness. 
A.who B.whoever
C.whichever D.whomever
答案:B
解析:考查宾语从句的结构。come across后面为一个宾语从句,而引导词在宾语从句中作主语,强调“任何人”,应用whoever。
7.—So,she said she was delayed in the traffic again?
—Exactly.That’s the only reason 　　　 she could make up. 
A.for which B.how
C.why D.that
答案:D
解析:考查定语从句。句意:——所以,她说她又在交通过程中被延误了?——正是,那是她可以编造的唯一理由。所填词引导定语从句,修饰the only reason,引导词在从句中充当make up的宾语,故应用关系代词that。选项D为正确答案。
8.The party,　　　 I was the guest of honor,was extremely enjoyable. 
A.by which B.for which
C.to which D.at which
答案:D
解析:考查定语从句。空处引导一个定语从句,修饰the party,引导词在定语从句中作状语,表示“在聚会上”,根据介词和the party 的搭配可知此处应用at which引导定语从句。故选项D为正确答案。
9.—Joe,don’t forget to bring your laptop with you tomorrow,OK?
—Oh,thank you.I wouldn’t bring it if you 　　　 me. 
A.wouldn’t remind B.haven’t reminded
C.hadn’t reminded D.shouldn’t have reminded
答案:C
解析:考查虚拟语气。答句是一个虚拟语气句型,if条件句针对过去情况,而主句针对现在情况,故从句应用过去完成时态。选项C正确。
10.Look! Out of the classroom 　　　who hurry to catch the bus home. 
A.the children rush B.do the children rush
C.rush the children D.are the children rushed
答案:C
解析:考查完全倒装结构。副词短语out of the classroom放在句首,句子应用完全倒装结构,将动词直接放到主语前。选项C正确。
D组
1.Steve Job’s success in the digital field proved 　　　 it took to become a best CEO. 
A.what B.which
C.that D.how
答案:A
解析:考查宾语从句。句意:史蒂芬·乔布斯在数码领域的成功证明了成为一个最好的CEO需要什么。此处用what引导宾语从句,what在从句中充当took的宾语。
2.Telephone users sometimes complain about unreliable service and 　　　 they consider unfair charges. 
A.which B.that
C.what D.how
答案:C
解析:考查名词性从句。句意:电话用户有时抱怨服务不到位,还有他们认为的不合理的收费。本句中的and连接了complain about的两个宾语,且空处在从句中作consider的宾语,因此选what。
3.Steps must be taken 　　　 this kind of disaster will never happen again. 
A.so that B.even if
C.because D.as
答案:A
解析:考查状语从句。句意:为了这种灾难再也不会发生,必须采取措施。后一分句说明的是前面采取措施所要达到的目的,故应用so that引导目的状语从句。选项A正确。
4.The teacher suggested that the dictionary 　　　 at once. 
A.be referred to be bought B.be referred to being bought
C.referred to being bought D.referred to be bought
答案:D
解析:考查非谓语动词作定语及虚拟语气结构。此处referred to作定语修饰前面的the dictionary,而that引导的是一个宾语从句,前面的谓语动词为suggested(建议),从句应用should do,buy和the dictionary之间为动宾关系,应用被动语态。选项D正确。
5.—Where did you meet Simon the first time?
—It’s in the park 　　　 we often do morning exercises. 
A.which B.that
C.where D.there
答案:C
解析:考查定语从句和强调句的用法。句意:——你在哪儿第一次见到西蒙的?——就在我们经常做早操的公园。答句是一个省略句,在exercise后为that I met Simon the first time,故空处引导的是一个定语从句,修饰the park,引导词在定语从句中充当状语,表示地点用where。故选项C为正确答案。
6.How can you expect to get ahead in your life 　　　 you even live to yourself from time to time? 
A.though B.until
C.before D.when
答案:D
解析:考查状语从句。句意:既然你时而过孤独的生活,你又怎么能期盼在生活中取得进展呢?此处用when引导状语从句,表示“既然”。
7.She stood at the corner,remaining silent,　　　 her heart beating fast and her spirits low. 
A.although B.but
C.with D.for
答案:C
解析:考查with复合结构。句意:她站在拐角,一言不发,心跳很快,情绪低落。这是一个简单句,后面应该是状语,应用with连接复合结构。
8.He is the only one of the top students who 　　　 admitted to Beijing University. 
A.was B.were
C.have been D.has been
答案:D
解析:考查主谓一致性。句意:他是被北京大学录取的唯一一位尖子生。who引导定语从句,在从句中充当主语,谓语的人称和数应该和先行词保持一致,当先行词为only one of...时,谓语应用第三人称单数。
9.—Mom,can I go out and play with my friends now?
—No,honey,you can’t 　　　 you haven’t recovered from the knee injury. 
A.until B.before
C.as D.unless
答案:C
解析:考查原因状语从句。答句的空处前是you can’t,故后面说明的是原因,用as表示“因为”。
10.He won’t want to eat it unless he is really hungry,　　　 he will eat almost anything. 
A.in that case B.in whose case
C.in any case D.in which case
答案:D
解析:考查定语从句。句意:他除非真的饿了才会吃它,在真饿的情况下他会吃差不多任何东西。此处所填词引导非限制性定语从句,应用关系代词,且不可用that,故应用in which case。选项D为正确答案。

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