高优指导2021版高三英语一轮复习考点规范练22Module4GreatScientists外研版必修4.doc

考点规范练22(Module 4)
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
In the 1700s,a scientist was someone who thought about the way things work and tried to find out ways to make things work better.Today,that definition is still true.Every time Ben Franklin saw a question and tried to answer it.He was a scientist.Ben is most famous for his questions about electricity,but he also experimented with many other ideas in nature.
In 1743,Ben observed that northeast storms begin in the southwest.He thought it was strange that storms travel in an opposite direction to their winds.He predicted that a storm’s course could be charted.Ben rode a horse through a storm and chased a whirlwind three-quarters of a mile in order to learn more about storms.So,in a way,Ben was a weatherman too!
Since Ben spent so much time sailing to Europe across the Atlantic Ocean,he became very interested in both ocean currents and shipbuilding.Ben was actually one of the first people to chart the Gulf Stream.
In November of 1783,Ben happened to be in Paris,France,working on a peace treaty to end the American war against England.From his hotel window,he was able to watch the world’s first known hot-air balloon flight.The balloon lifted the Montgolfier brothers off the ground as the first human beings ever known to fly.Ben was very interested in the idea of flight,predicting that one day balloons would be used for military spy flights and dropping bombs during the battle.Soon,balloons were actually being used for entertainment,military,and scientific purposes.Even though they could not yet be steered,many people volunteered to take a ride just for fun!Sadly,Ben Franklin died three years before the first American hot-air balloon voyage.In 1793,Jean-Pierre Blanchard lifted off from the Walnut Street Prison Yard in Philadelphia,beginning the hot-air balloon craze in America.
【语篇导读】本文主要讲述了著名科学家本·富兰克林探索科学,尤其是有关热气球的故事。
1.What can we learn from the first paragraph?
A.Ben Franklin was a true scientist.
B.Ben Franklin could hardly be called a scientist.
C.Ben Franklin was most interested in electricity.
D.Ben Franklin was only interested in things in nature.
答案:A
解析:细节理解题。第一段首先给出了科学家的定义,然后说本·富兰克林每次看到一个问题,他都想把它解答出来,是一位科学家。据此可知,本·富兰克林是一个真正的科学家。故选A项。
2.Ben Franklin went to Paris in November of 1783 to 　　　. 
A.sign a treaty
B.have a talk with Britain
C.seek support from France
D.experiment with hot-air balloons
答案:A
解析:细节理解题。由题干中的in November of 1783可将答案定位于最后一段第一句“In November of 1783,Ben happened to be in Paris,France,working on a peace treaty to end the American war against England.(在1783年11月,Ben碰巧去了法国的巴黎,去签一项美国与英国结束战争的和平条约。)”据此可知,本·富兰克林在1783年去巴黎是签条约的。故选A项。
3.When Ben Franklin saw the first known hot-air balloon flight,he predicted hot-air balloons 　　　. 
A.would be a risky sport
B.could be used in wars
C.couldn’t be widely used in the future
D.could be mostly used for entertainment
答案:B
解析:细节理解题。由题干信息可知,本题答案应定位于最后一段中的“Ben was very interested in the idea of flight,predicting that one day balloons would be used for military spy flights and dropping bombs during the battle.(本对飞行的想法非常感兴趣,预测有一天热气球会被用于军事间谍飞行中,并在战争中投放炸弹。)”据此可知,当时本·富兰克林预测热气球会应用于战争。故选B项。
4.We can infer from the last paragraph that Ben Franklin 　　　. 
A.introduced hot-air balloons to America
B.saw the hot-air balloon flight by accident
C.was not interested in hot-air balloons at first
D.made a wrong prediction about hot-air balloons
答案:B
解析:推理判断题。根据最后一段前两句“In November of 1783,Ben happened to be in Paris,France...From his hotel window,he was able to watch the world’s first known hot-air balloon flight.(在1783年11月,Ben碰巧去了法国的巴黎……透过他下榻的宾馆的窗户,他看到了当时世界上第一个热气球的飞行。)”据此可推知,本·富兰克林是偶然看到了热气球的飞行。故选B项。

B
When thinking of endangered species,most people will automatically imagine the large mammals:giant panda bears,rhinos or tigers.However,there are hundreds of smaller species who find themselves on the endangered list.The task of preserving these species and increasing their numbers sufficiently to remove them from the endangered species list falls to citizens;and fish hatcheries(孵化场) would seem to be one such method to achieve this.
The aim of fish hatcheries in aiding endangered species is to breed individuals in a controlled environment for release into the wild in order to increase the number of individuals in the natural population.There are two types of programs with very different focuses.An augmentation(增大) program seeks to increase the natural population for commercial use.The hatchery fish are not intended for integration into the wild population,and generally the fish that are reared in the hatchery become the brood(一窝) stock for the next generation,although straying does occur.Breeding fish in these hatcheries uses a limited genetic pool,which creates a genetic drift from the wild population and limits the genetic variance of the captive bred population in comparison with the wild population.
Programs that are focused specifically on conservation are more beneficial to endangered species.These programs use adults from both the natural population and hatchery origins.The juveniles are kept in a proper facility before they are released into the wild population to continue their life cycle in conjunction(关联) with the wild population.These hatcheries are focused on the long-term increase in the numbers and the fitness of the fish instead of the short-term boost in numbers.There is a constant need for monitoring of the genetic and ecological impact(影响) of the program to ensure that the hatchery-bred fish do not replace the natural fish.
The research is still ongoing,and more is being learned about the impact of fish hatcheries on the natural population and what can be done to minimize the negative effects.With an increase in the awareness of the effects of hatcheries on the natural population,more steps can be taken to reduce this impact and the conservation efforts will improve.
【语篇导读】本文是科普阅读。介绍濒临灭绝鱼类的人工孵化,通过孵化可以增加它们的数量,避免灭绝。
5.What is the main purpose of fish hatcheries?
A.To increase fish numbers for commercial use.
B.To raise people’s awareness of endangered fish.
C.To increase the numbers of endangered fish species.
D.To help endangered fish survive in the wild.
答案:C
解析:细节理解题。从文章第一段最后一句可知,人工孵化是通过增加濒临灭绝鱼类的数量,避免它们灭绝。
6.What do we know about fish produced from augmentation program?
A.They are usually released into the wild.
B.They become the brood stock for the next generation.
C.They are mixed with the wild population.
D.They are used to improve genetic pool.
答案:B
解析:细节理解题。从文章第二段的“generally the fish that are reared in the hatchery become the brood(一窝) stock for the next generation”可知,增量项目孵化的鱼是作为下一代种鱼来储存。
7.What is the disadvantage of augmentation program?
A.Straying often occurs during the process.
B.It increases fish numbers too quickly.
C.It has a limit genetic pool of the fish.
D.It can harm the natural fish.
答案:C
解析:细节理解题。从文章第二段的“Breeding fish in these hatcheries uses a limited genetic pool”可知,增量孵化时,所使用的基因库有限。
8.Which of the following is true about programs focused specifically on conservation?
A.They use a more variant genetic pool.
B.They are carried out in a natural environment.
C.They use only adults from natural population.
D.They produce perfect natural fish.
答案:A
解析:推理判断题。从文章第三段可知,第二种人工孵化使用人工培育的鱼和野外的鱼杂交,因此这种孵化方式所使用的基因库更多样。
Ⅱ.七选五
Easy Ways to Keep Your Brain Sharp
Everyone is forgetful,but as we age,we start to feel like our brains are slowing down a bit — and that can be a very annoying thing.1.　　　Read on for some techniques worth trying. 
1.2.　　 
People who regularly made plans and looked forward to upcoming events had a 50 percent reduced chance of Alzheimer’s disease (早老性痴呆症),according to a recent study.3.　　　 Something as simple as setting a goal to have a weekly coffee date with a friend will do.There’s evidence that people who have a purpose in life or who are working on long or short-term goals appear to do better.In other words,keep your brain looking forward. 
2.Go for a walk.
Mildly raised glucose (葡萄糖) levels can harm the area of the brain that helps you form memories and physical activity can help get blood glucose down to normal levels.In fact,exercise produces chemicals that are good for your brain.4.　　 
3.Learn something new.
Take a Spanish class online,join a drawing club,or learn to play cards.A study found that mental stimulation (刺激) limits the weakening effects of aging on memory and the mind.But the best thing for your brain is when you learn something new and are physically active at the same time.5.　　　Or go dancing with your friends. 
A.But don’t worry if your schedule isn’t filled with life-changing events.
B.This can be especially harmful to the aged.
C.It should be something like learning gardening.
D.So take a few minutes each day to do some reading.
E.Focus on the future.
F.In other words,when you take care of your body,you take care of your brain.
G.Luckily,research shows there is a lot you can do to avoid those moments.
答案与解析:
【语篇导读】本文介绍了如何使自己的大脑处于一个反应敏捷的状态,本文从三个维度给大家提供了一些小建议。
1.G　解析:考查对上下文的理解和推理判断。该空前面介绍的是随着我们年龄的增长,大脑反应逐渐变得迟缓的道理,而该空后面是描述如何使自己的大脑保持一个比较敏捷的状态,前后两句需要一个句子来缓冲,所以G项就提出了专家学者发现避免这种问题的方法。
2.E　解析:考查对上下文的理解和推理判断。根据下文的“In other words,keep your brain looking forward.”可以看出该段的主旨是关注未来。
3.A　解析:考查对上下文的理解和推理判断。“Something as simple as setting a goal to have a weekly coffee date with a friend will do.”推断A项符合。
4.F　解析:考查对上下文的理解和推理判断。该空所在的段落,大概是讲述的运动对健康的好处,所以要多运动,学会照顾自己的身体。
5.C　解析:考查对上下文的理解和推理判断。在备选项当中只有C项符合。
Ⅲ.语篇填空
(2015江西八所重点中学联考)
Would you like to explore(勘探) the oceans?Do you want to find 1.life than we imagine there?For Jacques Cousteau,the answer was “yes”.His career was a lifelong dream,and he is 2.(probable) the most famous ocean scientist in recent times.
Cousteau was born in France in 1910.Even 3. a child,he loved water.Cousteau was bright,4. he got bored with school and began to cause trouble.His parents sent him to a strict boarding school.There,Cousteau finally 5.(challenge).He studied hard and did well in all his courses.In 1933,he served as a general officer in the French Navy.He also began to explore the life under the water.He worked 6. a breathing machine to stay under water longer.It was finished in 1943.
In 1948,Cousteau became a captain,and he had new duties.Even so,he continued to explore the oceans.Two years later,he became the president of the French Oceanographic Campaigns.He also bought a ship 7.(help) with his dives.But he 8.(need) a way to get money for his trips.To do that,he produced many films and published a number of books.His films include The Silent World (1956) and World Without Sun (1966).One of his books is The Living Sea(1963).
In 1974,he founded the Cousteau Society,9. function was to further oceanic research and encourage people to help protect the oceans and the life within them.
Cousteau won many honors for his work,10.(include) the Presidential Medal of Freedom and membership in the French Academy in 1989.
答案与解析:
【语篇导读】本文主要介绍了法国著名的海洋科学家雅克·库斯托的相关情况。
1.more　解析:考查固定搭配。more...than...“比起……更……”。
2.probably　解析:考查副词。他可能是近代最著名的海洋科学家。此处应用副词做状语。
3.as　解析:考查介词。甚至当他还是个孩子的时候,他就爱上了水。as表示“在某一年龄段时”。
4.but　解析:考查连词。根据语境可知,前后句是转折关系,应用but。
5.was challenged　解析:考查时态和语态。在那里,他最终受到了激励。由全文的时态可知,应用一般过去时;雅克·库斯托是被激励,故应用被动语态。
6.on　解析:考查介词。work on sth.“努力改善(或完成)某事”。
7.to help　解析:考查动词不定式。他还买了一艘船来帮助他潜水。此处应用动词不定式表示目的。
8.needed　解析:考查一般过去时。为了航行,他需要一种赚钱的途径。由前面的“bought”可知,此处应用一般过去时。
9.whose　解析:考查定语从句。whose引导定语从句,且在从句中做定语,修饰“function”。
10.including　解析:考查介词。雅克·库斯托赢得了很多荣誉,包括(including)总统自由勋章和1989年获得的法国学术会员身份。
〚导学号03110022〛

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