2023版高考英语一轮复习Unit4Pygmalion课时跟踪新人教版选修8.doc

Unit 4　Pygmalion
———————————◄课时跟踪·一练而就►———————————
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
(2023届辽宁省五校高三联考)
How old is too old to go trick­or­treating? Chesapeake of Virginia says the answer to that question is anyone over the age of 12.
City officials recently announced that doorbell­ringing candy seekers over the age of 12 could face a charge, up to six months in jail, and $ 25 to $100 fines. They're far from alone. Meridian of Mississippi, Bishopville of South Carolina, and Boonsboro of Maryland, also have set the age at 12. The phenomenon isn't limited to the US: In 2023, Bathurst, a town in Canada, banned anyone older than 16.
Officials say they won't be actively looking to catch teenage trick­or­treaters in the act. The age limits are part of a broader push to limit pranks and tricks. Some parents think that preventing older kids from participating in Halloween traditions will have the opposite effect. A Facebook post last year argued that all kids, regardless of age, should be allowed to take part in trick­or­treating. It was shared more than 4，000 times, with close to 700 comments.
Some parents argued that kids shouldn't be spoiled. A lot more argued that even older kids should be encouraged to take part in it in the sense of wonder and excitement, and most said they were willing to give candy to whoever dressed up. That seems consistent with the scientific studies that play is essential to help children develop into healthy, well­adapted people, and that play encourages kids to develop collaboration and creativity.
Given how over­scheduled, anxious, and unhappy today's teens are, maybe a little Halloween magic is exactly in order.
【语篇解读】　美国的一些城市给万圣节的传统活动trick­or­treating设立了年龄限制，年龄在12岁以上的青少年不能参加此项活动。大多数人对此持反对意见。
1．How many American cities that have set the limit on going trick­or­treating are mentioned?
A．One city. B．Two cities.
C．Three cities. D．Four cities.
解析：选D　细节理解题。根据第一段和第二段中的Chesapeake，Meridian，Bishopville和Boonsboro可知，文中一共提到四座城市设立了trick­or­treating的年龄限制。应选D。
2．Why did the officials decide to prevent teens from going trick­or­treating?
A．Because the teens are too old to go trick­or­treating.
B．Because it is thought that the teens will do something harmful.
C．Because some parents are afraid that kids can be spoiled.
D．Because that seems consistent with the scientific studies.
解析：选B　细节理解题。根据第三段中的“The age limits are part of a broader push to limit pranks and tricks.〞可知，市政府官员决定阻止青少年参加trick­or­treating是因为人们认为青少年会做一些有害的事情。应选B。
3．What may most people agree with according to the passage?
A．All people should take part in the Halloween traditional activities.
B．Halloween tradition is no longer as attractive as before.
C．It's not a good idea to limit the age of going trick­or­treating.
D．Play is necessary to help children develop into healthy and well­adapted people.
解析：选C　细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中的“A lot more argued that even older kids should be encouraged to take part in it in the sense of wonder and excitement, and most said they were willing to give candy to whoever dressed up.〞可知，大局部人认为限制参加trick­or­treating活动的人的年龄不是一个好主意。应选C。
4．What is the author's attitude towards the age limit of going trick­or­treating?
A．Disapproving. B．Objective.
C．Favorable. D．Indifferent.
解析：选A　观点态度题。根据最后一段“Given how over­scheduled, anxious, and unhappy today's teens are, maybe a little Halloween magic is exactly in order.〞可知，作者对限制参加trick­or­treating活动的人的年龄是不支持的。应选A。
B
(2023届湖北省武汉市外国语学校高三质检)
What's small, buzzes here and there and visits flowers? If you said bees or hummingbirds, you got it. You wouldn't be the first if you mixed the two up. Now a group of researchers even say we should embrace our history of considering the two together in the same group. The way scientists study bees could help them study hummingbird behavior, too.
Scientists first compared the two back in the 1970s when studying how animals search for food. The idea is that animals use a kind of math to make choices in order to minimize the work it takes to earn maximum rewards. Researchers at the time focused on movement rules, like the order in which they visited flowers, and where flowers were located relative to others. It was “almost like an algorithm (算法)〞 for efficient searching, said David Pritchard, a biologist at the University of St. Andrews in Scotland. Hummingbirds and bees had similar solutions.
As the field of animal cognition (认知) appeared, hummingbird and bee research parted. Neuroscientists and behavioral ecologists developed ways to study bee behavior in naturalistic settings. Hummingbird researchers compared hummingbirds to other birds and borrowed methods from psychology to study their ability to learn in the lab. To be fair, hummingbirds and bees differ. For example, hummingbirds have more advanced eyes and brains than bees. Honeybees and bumblebees are social; hummingbirds typically aren't.
But however they perceive(感知) or process information, they both experience similar information, Dr. Pritchard said. In day­to­day searching for food, for example, hummingbirds may rely on more of a bee's­eye view than a bird's­eye view. Like other birds, they rely on landmarks, distances and directions to make maps when traveling long distances, but they don't use these cues to find flowers. Move a flower just an inch or so away from where a hummingbird thought it was and it will hover over the flower's original location. Dr. Pritchard is investigating if, like bees, hummingbirds engage in view matching—hovering, scanning snapshots of a place to its memory and using those as references later.
【语篇解读】　科学家们从运动规律、认知、感知或处理信息等方面比照了蜜蜂和蜂鸟的相同点和不同点。
5．What is the center of research on hummingbirds and bees in the 1970s?
A．Memory. B．Movement rules.
C．Reward calculating. D．Information processing.
解析：选B　细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Scientists first compared the two back in the 1970s...Researchers at the time focused on movement rules...〞可知，B项正确。
6．Which subject's research methods were adopted to study the learning ability of hummingbirds?
A．Math. B．Biology.
C．Ecology. D．Psychology.
解析：选D　细节理解题。根据第三段中的“Hummingbird researchers compared hummingbirds to other birds and borrowed methods from psychology to study their ability to learn in the lab.〞可知，D项正确。
7．How do researchers find out that hummingbirds are not like birds?
A．By setting them free. B．By moving flowers.
C．By matching view. D．By making maps.
解析：选B　推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“Like other birds，they rely on landmarks，distances and directions to make maps when traveling long distances, but they don't use these cues to find flowers.Move a flower just an inch or so away from where a hummingbird thought it was and it will hover over the flower's original location.〞可知，在长途飞行时，蜂鸟和其他的鸟类一样，依靠地标、距离和方向绘制地图，但它们不用这些信息找花。将一朵花从蜂鸟认定的位置挪开一英寸左右，那只蜂鸟还是悬停在这朵花的原始位置上方。故B项正确。
Ⅱ.七选五
(2023届贵州省贵阳市高三适应性考试)
Taking notes quickly is a valuable advantage whether you're in class or at a meeting. 1 . However, the quality of your notes doesn't have to decrease just because your speed increases. There are simple tips to follow to increase your speed of note­taking without sacrificing quality.
Print out any available materials. Sometimes professors or speakers upload or share their notes. 2 . If you have access to these documents, print them out, read them ahead of time, and bring them to class. This way, some of the notes are already taken for you and you can simply add additional thoughts during the lecture.
Listen for key concepts, don't transcribe (抄录). Writing down everything the teacher says will waste time. Instead, pick up on larger, main issues. 3 ， no more than five words.
4 . You can always come back to a concept or ask a question. You will waste time if you move at your own pace, so don't spend time finishing up a section to your satisfaction while your professor moves on. Instead, switch concepts when they do.
5 . Take a moment after the lecture or class and revisit your writing. This time is when the information will be freshest in your mind.
A．Get the concept straight
B．Revisit your notes after class is over
C．Move on when the professor moves on
D．You should be writing out short sentences
E．You can learn a lot from the useful materials
F．It may seem challenging to take notes quickly while keeping key information
G．These notes can take the form of a slideshow, an outline, or just a text document
【语篇解读】　本文介绍了一些快速做笔记的同时也能保证笔记质量的方法。
1．解析：选F　根据上文“Taking notes quickly is a valuable advantage whether you're in class or at a meeting. (无论你是在课堂上还是在会议上，快速记笔记都是一个有价值的优势。)〞以及空后的However可知，空处应该是说保证记笔记的速度和质量是很有挑战性的。应选F。
2．解析：选G　根据下文“If you have access to these documents，print them out，read them ahead of time，and bring them to class. (如果你能得到这些文件，打印出来，提前阅读，然后带着它们去上课。)〞可知，空处会提到these documents的具体内容。应选G。
3．解析：选D　根据下文“no more than five words (不超过五个单词)〞可知， D项符合语境。应选D。
4．解析：选C　根据下文“You will waste time if you move at your own pace, so don't spend time finishing up a section to your satisfaction while your professor moves on. (如果你按照自己的步调前进，你会浪费时间，所以不要在教授继续讲课的时候花时间完成一个令你满意的局部。)〞可知，C项概括了该段的主要内容，可以起到总领该段的作用。应选C。
5．解析：选B　根据下文“Take a moment after the lecture or class and revisit your writing. (讲座后或下课后花时间重新审视你写的内容。)〞可知，该段主要讲的是在课后要花时间复习自己所记的笔记。应选B。