2022高考英语一轮复习Unit1Greatscientists课时作业新人教版必修5.doc

Unit 1　Great scientists
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
[2022·洛阳市、许昌市第一次质量检测]Looking back on my childhood, I am convinced that naturalists are born and not made.
Although we were all brought up in the same way, my brothers and sisters soon abandoned their pressed flowers and insects. Unlike them, I had no ear for music and languages. I was not an early reader and I could not do mental maths.
I have only the unmemorable memory of the house we lived in, of my room and my toys. Nor do I recall clearly the large family of grandparents, aunts, uncles and cousins who gathered next door. But I do have a crystal clear memory of the dogs, the farm animals, the local birds, and above all the insects.
I am a naturalist, not a scientist. I have a strong love of the natural world, and my enthusiasm has led me into varied investigations. I love discussing my favorite topics and enjoy burning the midnight oil while reading about other people's observations and discoveries. Then something happens that brings these observations together in my conscious mind. This has resulted in my publishing 300 papers and books, which some might honour with the title of scientific research.
But curiosity, a keen eye, a good memory and enjoyment of the animal and plant world do not make a scientist: One of the outstanding and essential qualities required is self­discipline, a quality I lack. A scientist requires not only self­discipline but all training, determination and a goal. A scientist, up to a point, can be made. A naturalist is born. If you can combine the two, you will get the best of both worlds.
1．What impressed the author deeply during his childhood?
A．Wildlife.　　　　　　　　B．Music.
C．Languages. D．Literature.
2．Why can't the author remember his relatives clearly?
A．He didn't live with them for long.
B．The family was extremely large.
C．He was fully occupied with observing nature.
D．He was too young when he lived with them.
3．According to the author, what personality should a born naturalist have first of all?
A．Being knowledgeable.
B．Being self­disciplined.
C．Being full of ambition.
D．Being full of enthusiasm.
4．Why does the author say he is a naturalist, not a scientist?
A．He thinks he lacks some quality required of a scientist.
B．He thinks he has much trouble doing mental arithmetic.
C．He thinks he comes up with solutions in a most natural
way.
D．He thinks he just reads about other people's observations.
B
[2022·成都市高中毕业班摸底测试]Please take a few seconds and think of your personal biggest goal. Imagine telling someone you meet today what you're going to do. Imagine their congratulations and their high image of you. Doesn't it feel good to say it out loud? Don't you feel one step closer already? Well, bad news: you should have kept your mouth shut, because that good feeling will make you less likely to do it.
Any time you have a goal, there is some work that needs to be done to achieve it. Ideally，you would not be satisfied until you'd actually done the work. But when you tell someone your goal and he acknowledges (成认) it, psychologists have found it's called a “social_reality〞. The mind is kind of tricked into a feeling that it's already done. And then, because you've felt that satisfaction, you're less motivated to do the actual and necessary hard work. This goes against the traditional wisdom that we should tell our friends our goals, right?
In 1982, Peter Gollwitzer, a professor of psychology, wrote a whole book about this. And in 2022, he did some new tests that were published. It goes like this: 163 people across four separate tests — everyone wrote down their personal goal. Then half of them announced their commitment (承诺) to this goal to the room, and half didn't. Then everyone was given 45 minutes of work that would directly lead them towards their goal, but they were told that they could stop at any time. Finally those who kept their mouths shut worked the entire 45 minutes on average, and when asked afterwards, said they felt they had a long way to go to achieve their goal. But those who had announced it quit after only 33 minutes on average, and when asked afterwards, said that they felt much closer to achieving their goal.
5．What do the words “social reality〞 in Paragraph 2 mean?
A．Completion of the goal.
B．Necessary hard work.
C．People's acknowledgement.
D．A sense of satisfaction.
6．What does Peter Gollwitzer try to tell us?
A．Writing down the goal is very helpful.
B．Achieving personal goal needs more time.
C．Keeping the goal secret makes people work harder.
D．Making the goal public makes people less satisfied.
7．How did Peter Gollwitzer prove his idea about people's goal?
A．By giving figures.
B．By giving examples.
C．By making a survey.
D．By making comparison tests.
8．What will probably happen if you tell your friends your goal?
A．You will be more confident.
B．You will not gain satisfaction.
C．You are less likely to realize it.
D．You'll be much more motivated.
Ⅱ.完形填空
[2022·石家庄市质量检测]On a beautiful September evening, my 11­year­old grandson, Josh, and his team were warming up for their first football game of the season.
At six, the __1__ called the captains forward, said something and __2__ his whistle. The two teams __3__ separately. I was __4__. The other team were, __5__， ten inches taller than our players. It didn't take long for their __6__ advantage to show. They took a 7－0 lead very __7__. At the half, the score stood at 34 to 6. Josh __8__ minimal play time. In the second half, they used Josh more often. The score climbed to 40 to 6.
Once again, the other team began their __9__ down the field. Their quarterback threw the ball. The receiver caught it and __10__ the goal. There was only one man in his __11__ — Josh. Josh dove and __12__ that boy's legs with all his strength. The receiver dragged Josh a couple of yards and __13__ fell down.
On the next play, their quarterback shot an opening and rushed to the goal, but there was Josh again. Josh knocked him off his feet and __14__ another goal. They scored on the last play, but it wasn't Josh's __15__. The game ended with a score of 48 to 6.
On the way home, I wanted to __16__ Josh, but he turned to me with a __17__ smile. “Grandpa, that was a __18__ game.〞
“But you lost, 48 to 6！〞
“I know, but I did good.〞
The boy understood the __19__ better than I did. They didn't win, but he did his best. I was proud of him. More __20__， he was proud of himself.
1．A.player B．referee
C．coach D．receiver
2．A.waved B．raised
C．threw D．blew
3．A.gathered B．practiced
C．celebrated D．wandered
4．A.inspired B．embarrassed
C．shocked D．delighted
5．A.in total B．on average
C．at length D．for example
6．A.speed B．strength
C．age D．size
7．A.often B．soon
C．regularly D．rarely
8．A.saw B．lost
C．expected D．wasted
9．A.break B．search
C．charge D．debate
10．A.let in B．fought for
C．went in D．headed for
11．A.way B．position
C．sight D．mind
12．A.made room for B．looked up at
C．took hold of D．kept away from
13．A.accidentally B．finally
C．deliberately D．gradually
14．A.saved B．gained
C．tried D．kicked
15．A.turn B．honor
C．fault D．option
16．A.trick B．scold
C．praise D．comfort
17．A.sad B．wide
C．bitter D．polite
18．A.great B．close
C．silly D．vital
19．A.team B．play
C．game D．field
20．A.seriously B．fortunately
C．specifically D．importantly
Ⅲ.短文改错
[2022·陕西省局部学校第一学期摸底检测]The time we have is usual limited. However, even an hour is of great valuable. We should make full use of your time to do useful things. As students, we mustn't study hard so as to serve for our society and our nation in the future. But it is pity that there are a lot of people who didn't know the importance of time. They spend their valuable time smoke and drinking. They don't realize that wasting time is the same as wasting a part of their life. Remember, don't put off which you can do today until tomorrow.
课时作业(二十一)
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
体裁：夹叙夹议文　题材：个人经历　主题：博物学家
【语篇解读】　本文是一篇夹叙夹议文，作者通过自身的经历明白了一个道理：博物学家是天生的，而科学家那么是可以后天培养的。
【熟词生义】　result常用义：n.结果
例句：His views are the direct result of the time he spent in Africa.他的观点是他在非洲那段日子的直接产物。
本句义：v.产生；造成
例句：The cyclone has resulted in many thousands of deaths.气旋已经造成了成千上万的人死亡。
【难句分析】　But I do have a crystal clear memory of the dogs, the farm animals, the local birds, and above all the insects.
分析：本句是一个强调句，对句子的谓语have进行强调，助动词do放在谓语之前。
译文：但是我确实非常清楚地记得那些狗，农场的动物，当地的鸟类，尤其是昆虫。
1．A　考查细节理解。根据第三段最后一句“But I do have a crystal clear memory of the dogs, the farm animals, the local birds, and above all the insects〞可知，作者在童年时，印象深刻的是那些野生生物，应选A。
2．C　考查推理判断。根据第三段最后一句“But I do have a crystal clear memory of the dogs, the farm animals, the local birds, and above all the insects〞可推知，作者童年时期过于专注自然界而对周围的亲戚并不是很在意，所以没有深刻的印象，这与第四段第二句中的“I have a strong love of the natural world〞照应，应选C。
3．D　考查推理判断。根据第四段前两句“I am a naturalist, not a scientist. I have a strong love of the natural world, and my enthusiasm has led me into varied investigations〞可知，作者从小热爱自然界，而且这种热情使作者作了很多不同的调查，成了一个博物学家。由此可推知，一个天生的博物学家首先要充满热情，应选D。
4．A　考查细节理解。根据最后一段第一句“But curiosity, a keen eye, a good memory and enjoyment of the animal and plant world do not make a scientist: One of the outstanding and essential qualities required is self­discipline, a quality I lack〞可知，作者认为自己只是一个博物学家而不是一个科学家是因为自己缺乏成为科学家的必备素质，应选A。
B
体裁：说明文　主题语境：人与社会——社会生活——说出目标与不说出目标对实现目标的影响
【语篇解读】　实现一个目标需要做一些工作，试验说明，在实现目标之前就告诉别人你的目标并得到别人的认可，那么有可能使你感到满意，陷入目标已完成的错觉，从而动力减少，不能很好地去工作。而在实现目标之前没有说出目标那么会使你工作更努力。
5．A　考查推理判断。根据画线词组后一句“The mind is kind of tricked into a feeling that it's already done〞并结合画线词组所在句可推知，social reality在此处意为“目标的完成〞。
6．C　考查细节理解。根据最后一段最后两句“Finally those who kept their mouths shut ... to achieving their goal〞可知，Peter Gollwitzer想告诉我们：没有说出目标的人工作时间更长，工作更努力。
7．D　考查细节理解。根据最后一段的内容可知，Peter Gollwitzer把所测试的对象分成两局部，一半说出自己的目标，一半没有说出目标，每个人都给了45分钟，他们可以随时停止；试验说明，没有说出目标的人平均工作了45分钟，而说出目标的人平均工作33分钟，由此可知，Peter Gollwitzer是通过进行比拟测试来证明他的观点的，应选D。
8．C　考查推理判断。根据第一段的内容，尤其是最后一句中的“because that good feeling will make you less likely to do it〞可推知，如果你把目标告诉你的朋友，你就不太可能会实现目标，应选C。
【词汇积累】　imagine v. 设想　on average 平均来看　afterwards adv. 后来
【难句分析】　Finally those who kept their mouths shut worked the entire 45 minutes on average, and when asked afterwards, said they felt they had a long way to go to achieve their goal.(Para.3)
分析：本句主句主语是those，谓语是worked, said。 who kept their mouths shut是who引导的定语从句，修饰先行词those; when asked afterwards是过去分词短语作时间状语；they felt they had a long way to go to achieve their goal是省略了that的宾语从句，作said的宾语。
译文：最终，那些保持沉默的人平均工作了整整45分钟，当后来被问到时，他们说他们觉得要实现目标还有很长的路要走。
Ⅱ.完形填空
体裁：记叙文　题材：生活经历　主题：虽败犹荣
【语篇解读】　本文是一篇记叙文。“我〞十一岁的孙子Josh参加了赛季的第一次足球赛，对手平均比他们高出10英寸。在赛场上，Josh拼尽全力挽救了几个球；虽然最终比赛输了，但是他认为自己做得很好，并为自己感到自豪，“我〞也为他感到自豪。
【高频词回忆】　warm up做准备活动　whistle n．哨子　separately adv.分别地　on average平均　advantage n．优势，有利条件　minimal adj.极少的
1．B　根据上文可知，“我〞的十一岁的孙子和他的球队正在为他们这个赛季的第一场足球比赛做准备活动；结合该句中的“At six, the __1__ called the captains forward〞和常识可知，在六点，裁判员把队长们叫上前，故B项正确。
2．D　根据语境可知，裁判员吹响了哨子，故D项正确。
3．A　根据语境可知，两支球队分别集合；A项意为“集合〞，故A项正确；B项意为“练习〞；C项意为“庆祝，庆贺〞；D项意为“徘徊〞。
4．C　根据后一句中的“ten inches taller than our players〞可知，对方球队的成员平均(on average)比“我〞孙子所在的球队的成员高出10英寸；由此可知，“我〞感到很震惊；C项意为“震惊〞，故C项正确。
5．B　参见上题解析。
6．D　根据上文可知，对方球队队员的身高远高于“我〞孙子所在的球队队员的身高；结合该句“It didn't take long for their __6__ advantage to show〞可知，没过多久，他们的(身高)尺寸优势就显现出来了。D项意为“尺寸〞，故D项正确。
7．B　根据语境可推知，很快，对方就以7：0领先；B项意为“很快〞，故B项正确。
8．A　根据后一句“In the second half, they used Josh more often〞可知，在下半场(比赛)，他们更多地让Josh上场；据此可推知，在上半场Josh的比赛时间很少。see“经历〞符合语境。
9．C　根据下文中的“Their quarterback threw the ball ... the goal〞可知，他们开始投球，接球者拿到了球并朝球门进球；据此可知，对方球队再一次开始了冲锋；charge意为“冲锋〞，故C项正确。
10．D　参见上题解析。head for意为“朝……迸发〞，故D项正确。
11．A　根据语境可知，只有一个人挡住了他的路——Josh. in sb.'s way为固定搭配，意为“阻碍，挡着……路〞，故A项正确。
12．C　根据该句“Josh dove and __12__ that boy's legs with all his strength〞可知，Josh扑过去，用尽全身力气抓住那个男孩的腿。take hold of意为“抓住〞，故C项正确。
13．B　根据该句“The receiver dragged Josh a couple of yards and __13__ fell down〞可知，接球者拖着Josh走了几码，最终摔倒了。B项意为“终于〞，故B项正确；A项意为“意外地〞；C项意为“成心〞；D项意为“逐渐地〞。
14．A　根据语境可知，Josh撞倒了他，又一次救了球；A项意为“挽救〞，故A项正确。
15．C　根据上文可知，Josh挽救了几个球；结合该句“They scored on the last play, but it wasn't Josh's __15__〞可知，虽然对方得了分，但不是Josh的过错，故C项正确。
16．D　根据语境可知，Josh所在的球队失败了；由此可推知，在回家的路上，“我〞想要抚慰他；D项意为“抚慰〞，故D项正确。
17．B　根据下文中的“I know, but I did good〞可知，尽管最终失败了，但Josh认为自己在球场上做得很好；结合该句中的“smile〞可知，他朝“我〞咧嘴一笑，故B项符合语境。
18．A　根据语境并结合上题解析可推知，Josh告诉“我〞，那场比赛很棒，故A项正确。
19．C　根据上文中的“game〞，并结合Josh对这场球赛的评价可知，他对这场球赛的理解比“我〞好；C项意为“比赛〞，故C项正确。
20．D　根据语境可知，此处表示“更重要的是，他为自己而自豪〞；D项意为“重要的是〞，故D项正确。
Ⅲ.短文改错
The time we have is limited. ， even an hour is of great . We should make full use of time to do useful things. As students, we study hard so as to serve our society and our nation in the future. But it is pity that there are a lot of people who know the importance of time. They spend their valuable time and drinking. They don't realize that wasting time is the same as wasting a part of their life. Remember, don't put off you can do today until tomorrow.
①usual改为usually。考查词形转换。修饰形容词用副词，所以用usually。
②However改为Therefore。考查副词。根据语境可知，此处前后句之间是因果关系，而非转折关系，所以用Therefore。
③valuable改为value。考查名词。be of＋n.＝be＋adj.为固定用法，故用value。
④your改为our。考查代词。与该句中的We保持人称一致，故用our。
⑤mustn't改为must。考查情态动词。此处表示我们必须要努力学习，故用must。
⑥删除for。考查固定用法。serve意为“效劳〞时，是及物动词，不需要加介词，故删除for。
⑦pity前加a。考查冠词。It is a pity that ...“……是很可惜的〞为固定句式。pity此处竟为“遗憾，可惜〞，是可数名词，又主语为it，故此处表示单数，前面应加a。
⑧didn't改为don't。考查动词的时态。本文的根本时态为一般现在时，故此处用don't。
⑨smoke改为smoking。考查动名词。spend time doing sth.为固定用法，意为“花时间做某事〞，故用smoking，与drinking并列。
⑩which改为what。考查宾语从句的连接词。句意：记住，不要把今天能做的事情拖延到明天。空处引导宾语从句，在从句中作do的宾语，表示“……的事物〞，故用what。
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