名师A计划2017高考英语一轮总复习语法突破专题13并列连词和状语从句并列连词解析.pptx

专题十三并列连词和状语从句并列连词表示并列或递进关系的并列连词表示并列或递进关系的连词主要意为“和”,“补充”,“增加”等。常见的有and,both.and.,neither.nor.,not only.but also.,as well as,on(the)one hand.on the other hand.等。(1)and可连接并列句,或连接并列句子成分。(2)both.and.表示“和都,不但而且”,用来连接并列的句子成分。(3)neither.nor.表示“既不也不,和都不”,用来连接并列的句子成分。(4)not only.but also.表示“不仅而且”,可用来连接并列句或并列句子成分。(5)as well as连接并列句子成分。该结构作主语时,谓语动词的数与第一个成分保持一致。(6)on(the)one hand.on the other hand.表示“一方面另一方面”,连接并列结构。表示转折关系的并列连词 表示因果关系的并列连词表因果关系的并列连词中,for表理由,so表结果。He shook his head,for he thought differently.他摇了摇头,因为他有不同的想法。He told me to do it,so I did it.他让我这样做,于是我就这样做了。表选择关系的并列连词 典例(2013重庆高考改编)Its not easy to change habits,with awareness and self-control,it is possible.【解析】句意:改变习惯不易,但是如果是有意识和有自我控制力的话,还是有可能的。本句前后为转折关系,故应该用并列连词but。【答案】but 状语从句时间状语从句1.when,while和as。(1)when既可引导一个持续性动作,也可引导一个短暂性动作,可用于主句和从句动作同时发生或从句动作先于主句动作发生。当when引导的时间状语从句为系表结构,而且其主语和主句的主语一致,其表语又是一个名词时,就可以用as引导的省略句来代替when引导的从句。另外,注意下面几个结构:be doing sth.when.(正在做某事时突然),have hardly/just/scarcely done sth.when.(刚一就),be about to do sth.when.(正准备突然)。Nancy enjoyed herself so much when she visited her friends in Sydney last year.南希去年去悉尼看望朋友时玩得很开心。(2)while引导的时间状语从句中应用延续性或状态性动词,还可用来侧重主句动作和从句动作相对比。I want the girls to experience that while they are young.我希望那些女孩们趁着年轻的时候去体验一下那样的生活。(3)as可表示从句和主句的两个动作交替进行或同时完成,可译为“一边,一边”或“随着”。As time goes on,its getting warmer and warmer.随着时间的推移,天气变得越来越暖和了。(4)如果主句表示的是短暂动作,而从句用延续性动词的进行时态表示在一段时间内正在进行的动作,此时when,while与as可互换使用。When/While/As I was walking down the street,I came across an old friend of mine.当我沿着大街行走时,碰巧遇到了我的一个老朋友。典例1(2014江西高考)It was the middle of the night my father woke me up and told me to watch the football game.A.that B.asC.whichD.when【解析】句意:当父亲叫醒我,让我看球赛的时候是半夜。when在此引导时间状语从句。【答案】D典例2(2012山东高考)He smiled politely Mary apologized for her drunken friends.A.asB.ifC.unlessD.though【解析】句意:当玛丽替她醉酒的朋友道歉时,他礼貌地微笑着。这里smile和apologize同时进行,应用as引导时间状语从句,as意为“当的时候”。【答案】A 2.as soon as,immediately,directly,instantly,the moment/minute/instant,no sooner.than.,hardly/scarcely.when.和once。这些从属连词引导的从句都表示从句的动作与主句的动作同时发生,表示“一就”。从句中用现在时代替将来时。Youll feel excited the moment the star steps out of the plane.那个明星走出机舱的那一刻,你就会感到兴奋。特别提醒在no sooner.than.,hardly/scarcely.when.结构中,no sooner与hardly/scarcely引导的主句的谓语动词应用过去完成时,而than与when引导的从句的谓语动词应用一般过去时。此外,当把no sooner和hardly/scarcely提到句首时,应用倒装语序。典例(2011辽宁高考)He had no sooner finished his speech the students started cheering.A.sinceB.as C.whenD.than【解析】句意:他刚一结束演讲,同学们就欢呼起来。固定句式no sooner.than.意为“一就”。【答案】D 3.till,until和not.until.。(1)until或till表示“某动作一直延续到某时间点才停止”,此时主句谓语动词是延续性动词,主、从句都为肯定式。这两个词可以换用,但till不可以置于句首,而until可以。Have you heard the meeting will be put off till/until next Tuesday?会议将被推迟到下周二,你有没有听说?(2)not.until.“某动作直到某时间点才开始”,主句谓语动词是非延续性动词,从句为肯定式。I wont tell the student the answer to the math problem until he has been working on it for more than an hour.直到这个学生做这道数学题花费了多于一个小时的时间时,我才会告诉他答案。典例1If a lot of people say a film is not good,I wont bother to see it,or Ill wait it comes out on DVD.A.whetherB.afterC.thoughD.until【解析】句意:如果很多人说某部电影不好看,我就不会去看,或者我会等到DVD出来才看。这里用until引导时间状语从句,表示“直到才”。【答案】D典例2It is difficult for us to learn a lesson in lifeweve actually had that lesson.A.untilB.afterC.sinceD.when【解析】句意:对我们来说在生活中吸取教训是很难的,直到我们切身体会那个教训。until意为“直到”。【答案】A 4.before与since。(1)before用来表示“还未就;不到就;才;还没来得及就”。before从句中谓语不用否定式。before的常见句式:It will be+一段时间+before.“多久之后才”。It will be half a year before I come back.还得待半年我才能回来。(2)“since+状语从句”表示“自从有多长时间”,从句谓语一般是非延续性动词,主句的谓语动词是延续性的或者是反复发生过的动作。since从句的时态若是一般过去时,主句中的时态则应该是现在完成时或现在完成进行时。I have written home four times since I came here.自从我来到这儿,已给家里写了四封信了。典例1(2014陕西高考)The young couple,who returned my lost wallet,left I could ask for their names.A.whileB.beforeC.afterD.since【解析】句意:我还未来得及询问他们的姓名,那对归还了我钱包的年轻夫妻就已经离开了。所填词引导时间状语从句,意为“还没来得及就”,故选B项。【答案】B典例2(2011四川高考)As it reported,it is 100 years Qinghua University was founded.A.whenB.beforeC.afterD.since【解析】句意:正如报道的那样,清华大学建校已经有100年了。此处构成“It is+时间段+since.”句式,意为“自从以来有多长时间了”。【答案】D 5.every time,each time,any time,(the)last/next time,the moment/second/instant。名词短语every time,each time,any time,(the)last/next time,the moment/second/instant可以用来引导时间状语从句,表示“每次”,“任何时候”,“上次/下一次”,“刚一”等含义。You looked tired last time I saw you.我上次见你的时候,你看起来很疲倦。The last time she saw James,he was working in a small firm.上次她见到詹姆斯的时候,他正在一家小公司上班。让步状语从句引导让步状语从句的连词如下。1.although/though(尽管,虽然),even though/even if(即使)。(1)although与though两者意思相同,一般可互换,都可以与yet,still或nevertheless连用,但不能和but连用。Many of them turned a deaf ear to his advice,even though they knew it to be valuable.他们很多人不听他的意见,尽管他们知道他的意见很有价值。(2)当as或though引导的让步状语从句放在主句之前时,常用倒装语序,此时从句中的表语、状语或动词原形置于句首。若表语是单数名词,前置时要省略冠词。Much as I like it,I wont buy it.虽然我很喜欢它,但我不会买的。Child as he is,he knows a lot.尽管他是孩子,但他却懂得很多。典例1(2015安徽高考)scientists have learned a lot about the universe,there is much we still dont know.A.OnceB.SinceC.ThoughD.Unless【解析】句意:虽然科学家已经了解到很多有关宇宙的知识,但是,我们不知道的还有很多。这里表转折含义,故选C项。【答案】C典例2(2013四川高考)He is so busy.He cannot afford enough time with his son he wants to.A.even ifB.as ifC.becauseD.before【解析】句意:他很忙,即使他很想但也不能腾出时间跟儿子一起。句子的前半部分说他不能腾出时间,后半部分说他想腾出时间,前后之间明显是让步关系,故正确答案是A项。【答案】A 2.whether.or.(不管还是);“疑问词-ever”与“no matter+疑问词”(不管;无论),如whatever,whoever,whichever,however,no matter what,no matter where等。Actually,whoever works hard can be whatever he wants to be,whether it is a pilot,an engineer or a manager.实际上,不管谁,只要努力了就能实现自己的愿望,不管是想当飞行员、工程师还是经理。3.when,while还可作从属连词,相当于although。Suddenly,she stopped short when she ought to have continued.虽然她应该继续下去,但她却突然停住了。典例1(2015福建高考)the students came from different countries,they got along quite well in the summer camp.A.WhileB.UnlessC.SinceD.Until【解析】句意:尽管学生们来自不同的国家,但他们在夏令营里都相处得很好。这里是由while引导的让步状语从句。【答案】A典例2(2011北京高考)volleyball is her main focus,shes also great at basketball.A.SinceB.OnceC.UnlessD.While【解析】句意:虽然排球是她的主要兴趣所在,但她还擅长篮球。while“虽然,尽管”,引导让步状语从句。【答案】D 条件状语从句引导条件状语从句的从属连词有:if(如果),unless(=if.not,除非),so/as long as(只要),in case(万一),on condition that(条件是),suppose/supposing(假设,如果),provided that(如果),once(一旦)等。Unless youve tried it on,you cant imagine how pleasant the new style dress is.除非你穿上试试,不然你难以想象这件新式连衣裙有多好看。Suppose/Supposing(that)they refuse us,who else can we turn to for help?假如他们拒绝了我们,我们还可以求助谁?典例1(2015陕西高考)I believe you will have a wonderful time here you get to know everyone else.A.thoughB.as ifC.onceD.so that【解析】句意:我相信一旦你了解这里的每个人,你将玩得很愉快。though“虽然”;as if“好像”;once“一旦”;so that“以便”。所以选C项。【答案】C典例2(2014天津高考)you start eating in a healthier way,weight control will become much easier.A.UnlessB.Although C.BeforeD.Once【解析】句意:一旦你开始以健康的方式饮食,控制体重将会变得容易多了。once“一旦”,引导条件状语从句。【答案】D 地点状语从句引导地点状语从句的从属连词有where,wherever。Wherever there is smoke,there is a fire.无火不生烟(无风不起浪)。Lifting off at sunrise,the hot air balloon goes wherever the wind blows.热气球在日出时升腾到空中,随风飘动。典例(2015安徽高考)he once felt like giving up,he now has the determination to push further and keep on going.A.WhereB.AsC.In caseD.Now that【解析】句意:曾经让他想放弃的地方,现在他决心继续前进。where表示地点,引导地点状语从句,故选A项。【答案】A 原因状语从句1.引导原因状语从句的从属连词有because,as,since,now that,seeing that,considering that等。另外,when还表示原因。并列连词for加分句也可表示原因,for引导的分句对前面的内容进行补充说明。Now(that)/Since it is so hot,I guess we cant do anything until after dark.既然天这么热,我想我们只有等天黑之后才能做事。It was foolish of you to take a taxi when you could easily walk there in five minutes.既然你步行5分钟就能到那里,却打车,真够愚蠢的。2.一些介词短语同样可以表示原因,这样的短语有because of,thanks to,due to,owing to等。典例(2012重庆高考)Coach,can I continue with the training?Sorry,you cant you havent recovered from the knee injury.A.untilB.beforeC.becauseD.unless【解析】根据答语“抱歉,你不能继续训练,因为你膝盖受的伤还没有恢复。”可知,空白处引导原因状语从句,C项符合语境。【答案】C 目的状语从句1.in order that与so that。这两个连词意为“以便,为了”,引导的状语从句中需用情态动词;in order that比so that正式,引导的状语从句可置于主句之前或之后,而so that引导的从句只能置于主句之后。When he goes out,he often wears sunglasses so that/in order that nobody can recognize him.他出门的时候常戴着墨镜,这样的话就没人能认出他了。2.for fear that与in case。for fear that与in case引导的目的状语从句中,一般用虚拟语气,即谓语动词用“should+动词原形”,should可以省略。The boy hid himself behind the tree in case/for fear that his father should see him.那个男孩藏在树后面,以防他父亲看到他。Take your raincoat in case it should rain.带上雨衣以防下雨。典例(2011上海高考)The police officers in our city work hard the rest of us can live a safe life.A.in caseB.as ifC.in order thatD.only if【解析】句意:为了让我们有一个安全的生活环境,我们市的警官工作很努力。in case“以免,万一”;as if“好像”;in order that“为了”;only if“只有”。in order that引导目的状语从句,故选C项。【答案】C 结果状语从句引导结果状语从句的从属连词有so that,so.that.,such.that.。当so或such置于句首时,主句要用倒装语序。在非正式语体中,由so.that.,such.that.引导的句子中的that可以省略。注意其结构形式:so+形容词/副词+that从句so+形容词+a(n)+可数名词单数形式+that从句so+many/much/few/little+名词+that从句such+a(n)+形容词+可数名词单数形式+that从句such+形容词+可数名词复数形式/不可数名词+that从句典例His plan was such a good onewe all agreed to accept it.A.soB.and C.thatD.as【解析】句意:他的计划是如此之好,以至于我们都同意这个计划。such.that.意为“如此以至于”,引导结果状语从句。【答案】C 状语从句的省略当状语从句的主语与主句主语一致,或状语从句使用了“it is/was+形容词/副词/介词短语”时,可将从句的主语和谓语省略,用“连词+非谓语动词/表语”的形式。While in Beijing,I paid a visit to the Summer Palace.在北京时,我参观了颐和园。(时间状语从句)If so,you must go back and get it.如果这样的话,你必须回去把它拿来。(条件状语从句)典例It was a nice meal,a little expensive.A.thoughB.whether C.asD.since【解析】句意:尽管有点贵,但是饭菜不错。though“尽管,虽然”,符合语境。此处though后省略了it was。【答案】A 一、单句填空1.One important aim of education is to prepare us for the future that we can face all the challenges with confidence.1.so。句意:教育的一个重要目标就是让我们为未来做好准备,以便我们自信地面对一切挑战。so that在此处用于引导目的状语从句,意为“为的是”。2.you understand the rule,you will find it very easy to obey.2.Once/If。句意:一旦/如果你理解这个规则,你就会发现遵守规则很容易。根据语境可知,此处用once“一旦”或if“如果”引导条件状语从句。3.life may have in store for you,each of you has a grand,lifelong project,and that is the development of yourself as a human being.3.Whatever。句意:不管生活中有什么等待着你们,你们每个人都有一个宏大的、持续一生的工程,那就是,你作为一个个体的自我发展。此处用于引导让步状语从句,在让步状语从句中作life的定语,表示“无论什么样的”,故应该使用whatever。4.He failed again just he didnt work hard at his lessons.4.because。句意:他又一次失败了,只是因为他没有好好学习。根据语境可知,此处用because引导原因状语从句。5.We students are so busy with our homework that we have no time for outdoor exercise,we have the desire.5.though/although。句意:我们学生整日忙于做作业,以至于虽然我们有从事户外锻炼的意愿,但我们也没有时间。此处用于引导让步状语从句,表示“虽然”,故应该使用连词though或although。6.As the interview rules goes,you can take some time to think through answers you make a reply.6.before。句意:按照采访的规则,在你做出回答之前,你可以花点时间仔细思考答案。此处所填词表示“在之前”,引导时间状语从句,故应该使用连词before。7.this may sound a simple process,great care is needed.7.Although/Though/While。句意:尽管这听起来很简单,但是还是要很小心才是。此处所填词用于引导让步状语从句,表示“尽管,虽然”,故应该用连词Although,Though或While。8.To our great surprise,much effort has been made,the cause of the accident has not been found out.8.although/though。句意:让我们很吃惊的是,尽管做出了很多努力,但是这次事故的起因还是没有查明。此处所填词用于引导让步状语从句,表示“尽管”,故应该使用连词although或though。9.Strangethis behavior may be,there is a very good reason for it.9.as。句意:虽然这样的举止未免有些奇怪,但却有其相当充分的理由。根据句意可知,此处应为as引导的让步状语从句。当as引导的让步状语从句位于主句之前时要用倒装语序。10.I saw the beautifully decorated house,I really wondered how she could manage that all by herself.10.When。句意:当我看见这所装饰漂亮的房子时,我真的想知道她是怎样独自做成这件事情的。when引导时间状语从句,意为“当的时候”。11.you can affect the life of your child in an active way,you have been a success.11.If。句意:如果你能够以一种积极的方式影响你孩子的生活,你就是一个成功的人。此处应用if引导条件状语从句,意为“如果”。12.The users of this new mobile phone can type in emails or long texts easily they happen to be.12.wherever。句意:这种新手机的用户无论在哪里,都可以简单地输入电子邮件或长信息。所填词引导让步状语从句,表示“无论在哪里”,应该用wherever,相当于no matter where。13.The new teacher was so well organized that she began we stopped yesterday so that no point was left out.13.where。句意:这位新老师条理非常清晰,她从我们昨天停止的地方开始,因而没有遗漏任何要点。此处应该填where引导地点状语从句,表示“在的地方”。14.I will go for a picnic with my friends on Sunday it rains.14.unless。句意:如果不下雨,周日我将和朋友们一起去野炊。unless=if.not,表示“如果不”,引导条件状语从句。15.How long do you suppose it is he arrived and began to work here?15.since。句意:你认为他来这里并开始工作有多久了?“It is+时间段+since.”为固定句型,表示“从过去某时间或某事件到现在为止(多长时间了)”。二、语法填空Its high school graduation time in New Mexico,and one young man who got his diploma Monday earned it the hard way,1.(take)more time and a lot more trouble than most people ever do.Zackary Smith has brain cancer.He 2.(know)hes not going to have a long time to live,but he never gave in to 3.tumors(肿瘤)in his head.At 1 pm Monday,Albuquerque Public Schools superintendent(督学)Winston Brooks handed Zack his diploma and 4.(congratulate)him in a one-man graduation ceremony.“I would just like to say thank you 5.everyone who helped me on this journey,”Zack said.“It makes me 6.(pride)to know that even though Zack is going through what hes going through,he gives 7.(inspire)to others,”said Debra,Zacks mother.“No matter 8.you go through in life,anything is possible and he fights so hard 9.(achieve)it.”A month ago,Zack learned that there are no more 10.(treat)left for his cancer.The doctors cant cure him.But Zack refuses to give in to his disease.He plans to enroll at CNM and get busy on the next challenge.1.taking。此处为谓语动词earned it的伴随状语,其逻辑主语one young man与take为主动关系,故应该用现在分词形式作伴随状语。2.knows。根据上句中的“has brain cancer”可知,此处叙述的是一般情况,故用一般现在时。3.the。此处表示“他脑袋里长的那些肿瘤”,为特指,故应该用定冠词the修饰。4.congratulated。根据上半句与之并列的谓语动词handed可以推知,此处叙述的是过去的事实,故应该用一般过去时。5.to。此处表示“对每一个在这个旅途中帮助过我的人说声谢谢”,表示动作的对象,用介词to。6.proud。此处指Zack的妈妈感到“骄傲”,应该用形容词proud作me的宾语补足语。7.inspiration。此处表示“他给了别人鼓舞”,应该用inspire的名词形式inspiration作gives的宾语。8.what。在让步状语从句中缺少go through的宾语,故应当使用疑问代词what。No matter what表示“无论什么”。9.to achieve。此处表示谓语动词fights so hard的目的,应该使用不定式作目的状语。10.treatments。此处表示“没有更多的治疗方法”,为复数意义,应该用名词treatment的复数形式treatments。