外研版顺序选修6模块1语言点及语法点整理.doc

外研版顺序选修6模块1语言点及语法点整理Book 6 Module 1话题Small Talk(闲谈）功能Talking about obligation or lack of obligation(谈论“有义务”和“无义务”）语法Didnt need to do and neednt have done(没必要做与本没必要做）重点词汇及拓展1.informal adj.非正式的2.serious adj.严肃的3.lack v.缺乏；缺少4.opportunity n.机会5.favour n.恩惠；照顾6.reply n.回答；答复；回信7.shortcoming n.缺点；短处8.mature adj.成熟的9.cautious adj.谨慎的；慎重的；小心的10.anyhow adv.不管怎么说；无论如何11.purpose n.目的12.certain adj.确信的sure （同义词）adj.uncertain （反义词） adj.不确定的 13.imagine v.想象imagination n.想象14.apologize v.道歉apology n.道歉；歉意15.advance adj.&n.预先的，在前的，前进，进展 advanced adj.高级的，年老的16.interrupt v.打断；骚扰，妨碍interruption n.侵犯，妨碍重点短语1.think of想起；回忆起2.look away from把目光从移开3.in addition 除此之外；另外4.find out 了解（到）；找出（信息）5.leave out 省去；删去6.make friends 交朋友，建立友谊7.be aware of知道8.show off 炫耀重点句型1.“疑问词+不定式”句型结构2.Expressing obligation or lack of obligation.谈论义务与义务缺失。 3.You have to arrive on time at a party.你必须准时到达会场。要点一 单词1.lack v.缺乏；缺少（作不及物动词时常接for或in）n.没有，不足，缺乏归纳拓展（1）lack（for）sth.缺少（不用于被动语态，多用于否定句中）lack common sense/courage缺乏常识/勇气lack for nothing应有尽有（2）be lacking in缺少（品质、特点等），不足（3）for/through/due to/because of (a) lack of因缺少no lack of不缺少；足够例句：She seems to be lacking in common sense.她似乎缺乏常识。Lack of heat made us cold when we were staying in that small hotel.住在那家小旅馆时，没有暖气让我们觉得很冷。The project was in vain for lack of money.工程因缺乏资金而作废。同类辨析（1）lack是普通用词，指完全没有或部分缺少，既可指具体事物，也可指抽象概念，如智力、知识、勇气等。（2）shortage指“短缺”，是就需要量而言。例句：Our main difficulty in the quake-hit area is a shortage of food and medicine.我们受灾地区的主要困难是缺乏食物和药品。【链接训练】The explorer got a disease in blood for the _ of fresh vegetables and fruit.A.sakeB.lackC.ignoranceD.benefit【解析】for the lack of“因缺少”，为固定搭配。【答案】BI dont think he is the suitable person for he _ experience, _ is essential for the job.A. lacks；whichB. lacking；asC. lacks of；whichD. lacked；that【解析】空一考查lack用作及物动词，意为“缺少，缺乏”，后面直接跟宾语；空二考查which引导的非限制性定语从句。句意为：我认为他不是最合适的人选，因为他缺少经验，这是这份工作必需的条件。【答案】A2.advance归纳拓展（1）adj.预先的；在前的an advance copy样书advance party/team先头部队，先遣队advance planning/warning/booking预先的计划/警告/订票（2）n.前进；进步in advance（=ahead of time）预先；事先；提前in advance of在之前make an advance in sth.在某方面取得进步（3）v.向前，前进advance towards a place向前进advance in sth.在某方面有进步，前进advance sb.to a higher position使某人提升advance sb.some money=advance some money to sb.预付某人钱（4）advanced adj.高级的，进步的，年老的；发达的，先进的advanced English/ maths高级英语/高等数学advancement n.前进；进展例句：We sent out an advance party of soldiers.我们派出一支先头部队。Let the world know more about China,let China advance towards the world.让世界了解中国，让中国走向世界。Its cheaper if you book the tickets in advance.预订票要便宜一些。They are going to start an advanced course in English in that institute.他们要在那个学院开一个英语高级班。【链接训练】Youll have to pay one months rent in _ , plus a _ of $500.A. advance；checkB .reservation；cashC. advance；depositD. check；deposit【解析】句意为：你要提前支付一个月的租金，再加上500美元的押金。in advance是固定短语，意为“提前”；deposit“定金，押金”，符合题意。【答案】C3.certain adj. 确凿的；无疑的；可靠的归纳拓展（1）和of（有时和about）连用，后接名词或动名词(用about 时不跟动名词)，“确信；有把握”，只能用人作主语。（2）表示“无疑；确定”时，后面接不定式，可以用人作主语，也可以用事物作主语；也可用It is certain that.句型表示“（某人做某事）肯定无疑”。（3）作定语，意思为“一定会来到、发生或生效的，有把握的”。（4）稍微的；轻微的；微小的（5）for certain/sure确凿地；肯定地make certain/sure（of)把搞清楚，弄明白例句：He is certain to agree./ It is certain that he will agree.他肯定会同意。There is no certain cure for this disease.这种病没有特效药。I felt there was a certain coldness in her manner.我觉得她的态度有点冷淡。I think theres a train at 8:20,but you ought to make certain.我想8点20分有一班火车，不过你应该打听清楚。【链接训练】Its almost _ that he will lose the next election.A.certainB.sureC.confidentD.right【解析】句意为：几乎可以肯定地说，他在下次选举中不会成功。本题答案不能选B，因为在Its certain that.结构中certain不可用sure替换，若用sure，主语必须是人。【答案】A4.imagine v.想象；想，推测归纳拓展（1）imagine+名词/代词/doing sth./that-clauseimagine sb./sb.s doing sth.想象某人做某事imagine sb./sth.as把某人（物）想象成imagine what/how/why.想象You cant imagine.你想象不到（2）imagination n.想象力，创造力imaginative adj.富有想象力的，爱想象的imaginable adj.可以想象得到的（常与形容词最高级或all，every，only等连用，可放在被修饰的名词后）imaginary adj.虚构的，幻想的例句：Its hard to imagine living anywhere else but here.很难想象生活在这里以外的其他地方。Can you imagine him（yourself）becoming famous as an actor?你能想象他（自己）作为一个演员而出名吗？Dont imagine that I can lend you money every time you need it！你甭想每次你需要钱时我都会借给你！They were,I imagine,mostly industrial workers.我想他们绝大多数是产业工人。【链接训练】Can you imagine _ the work in twelve hours?A.he finishesB.him finishingC.him finishD.him to finish【解析】考查imagine的用法，意为“想象”，后面跟v.-ing形式。句意为：你能想象他在十二个小时以内完成这项工作吗？【答案】BIf you dont find a more _ theme，your fee for this job will be _.A.imaginary;imaginaryB.imaginable;imaginaryC.imaginative;imaginaryD.imaginative;imaginable【解析】句意为：如果你找不到一个更有创意的主题，你工作的酬金也将只是空想而已。imaginative “富有想象力的”；imaginary “假想的，虚构的”。【答案】C5. apologize v.道歉归纳拓展(1)apologize to sb.for（doing）sth.因某事/做了某事而向某人道歉(2)apology n.道歉make an apology to sb. for (doing) sth.因向某人道歉accept sb.s apology接受某人的道歉owe sb.an apology应向某人道歉例句：I apologized to her for stepping on her foot.我因踩了她的脚而向她道歉。I must apologize for the delay in replying to your letter.未能及时回信，我必须向你道歉。I owe you an apology for what I said last nightIm really sorry.我该为昨晚说的话向你道歉真对不起。【链接训练】One should apologize _ his taking the wrong glass at the party.A.toB.onC.forD.of【解析】考查“apologize to sb.for doing sth.因做某事向某人道歉”的固定用法。【答案】CI _ you an apology for what I said this morning.Anyway,I meant no offence.A.oweB.makeC.demandD.accept【解析】考查动词的搭配。owe you an apology表示“该向你道歉”【答案】A要点二 短语1.in addition除此之外；另外归纳拓展(1)in addition该短语为副词短语，作状语，可置于句首、句中或句末。用于句首和句中时，一般用逗号隔开，但在句末时，则不需分开。(2)in addition to除以外，相当于besides，后接名词结构。(3)as well=besides=in addition除此之外（用作副词）(4)as well as=besides=apart from=in addition to除之外（用作介词）例句：First you have the ability.In addition,you must pass the driving test.首先你要有能力。另外，你必须要通过驾驶考试。I have other things to do in addition.此外，我还有其他事要做。In addition to the names on the list,there are six other applicants.除了名单上的名字之外，还有6个申请人。【链接训练】Why didnt you buy that dress? I disliked its pattern. _, the colour didnt suit me.A.In additionB.In turnC.In returnD.In fact 【解析】考查介词短语辨析。in addition“另外，加之”；in turn“反过来”；in return“作为的回报”；in fact“事实上”。句意为：你为什么不买那条裙子？我不喜欢它的样式。另外，那个颜色也不适合我。根据题意可知答案为A项。【答案】A_ these arrangements, extra ambulances will be on duty until midnight.A.In addition toB.ExceptC.Except forD.With the exception of【解析】句意为：除了这些安排外，其他的救护车将待位到午夜。in addition to “除此之外”，是固定用法。【答案】A2.leave out省去，遗漏，不考虑归纳拓展leave for.动身去leave sb. alone不打扰某人leave sth. alone 别管某事leave over 留下，剩下；推迟leave off停止leave sth./sb.behind忘了带某物；将某人抛在后面或落下例句：These are questions left over by history.这是些历史遗留问题。I left off in the middle of page 10.我读到第10页中间停下来了。Slow down,were leaving Mike behind.慢点儿，我们把迈克落在后面了。同类辨析leave out与cross out（1）leave out遗漏，漏掉（2）cross out划掉，除去例句：In your written work,you left out an important detail, so you couldnt score a high mark.在书面表达中，你漏掉了一个重要细节，因此你不能得高分。This word in the sentence is unnecessary. Cross it out.这个单词在句中多余，删掉它。【链接训练】This article is too long.You should _ the unimportant details to make it shorter. A.find outB.pick outC.make outD.leave out 【解析】考查动词短语辨析。find out“找出，发现”；pick out“辨认出；挑出”；make out“突出，显眼”；leave out“省略”。句意为：这篇文章太长了。你应该省略那些不重要的细节使其缩短。由题意可知，答案为D项。 【答案】DHow did _ feel to run 3,000 metres at the sports meet?Terrible! Especially when I saw I was left so far _ by the others.A.that;aloneB.it;aloneC.that;behindD.it;behind【解析】空一考查it用作形式宾语，后面的动词不定式作真正的宾语；空二考查固定短语leave behind“将某人落在后面或抛在后面”。【答案】D要点三 句型“疑问词+不定式”句型结构归纳拓展疑问词可用who，what，which，when，where及how，后接不定式构成带有疑问词的不定式结构在句中作主语、宾语、表语。注意：（1）不能用why to do结构。（2）疑问词前有时可用介词。（3）不定式常用主动语态形式。例句：When to go for the picnic hasnt been decided.什么时间去野炊还没定下来。I dont know who to turn to for help.我不知道该向谁求助。The difficulty for the little horse was how to cross the river.小马的困难是怎样过河。【链接训练】Ive worked with children before，so I know what _ in my new job.A.expectedB.to expectC.to be expectingD.expects【解析】考查“疑问词+不定式”的句型结构。句意为：我以前和小孩一起工作过，所以我知道我的新工作应该做些什么。【答案】B要点四 语法didnt need to do与neednt have done1.need既可用作实义动词，也可用作情态动词。(1)need作为情态动词，主要用于否定句、疑问句及表示疑问的从句中。例句：Thats all settled.It neednt be talked about.已经完全解决了，不必谈了。Why need you go today？为什么你今天需要去？回答由need引起的问句时，肯定回答一般用must，否定回答用neednt。(2)need用作及物动词和不定式连用，可用于各种时态。例句：You dont need to do it yourself.这件事你不必亲自做。Does he need to know it？他需要知道这件事吗？在个别情况下，need作为及物动词和情态动词的句子在意思上略有差别。例句：He doesnt need to be told.不必告诉他了。（告诉他没好处）He neednt be told.无需告诉他。（他已经知道了）2.当主语为“物”的名词时，need后的宾语用动名词的主动形式表示被动意义，need doing=need to be done,用法同want/require。例句：The garden doesnt need watering/to be watered;it rained last night.花园无需浇水，昨晚下雨了。3.didnt need to do sth.表示“过去没有必要做某事”。例句：I didnt need to clean the windows.My brother did it.我没有必要擦窗户，我哥哥已经擦了。neednt have done sth.表示“本没有必要做某事而实际却做了”。例句：You neednt have taken a taxi here，for it was very near to my house.你本没有必要打车来，因为那儿离我家很近。【链接训练】Would you like me to go to the dentist with you?No, you _ with me.A.need not to goB.do not need goC.need not goD.need go not【解析】考查need作情态动词的用法，后面直接跟动词原形。句意为：要我和你一起去看牙医吗？不，你不用陪我一块儿去。【答案】CMy watch needs _, but I have no time to go downtown to have it _.A.to repair;repairedB.to be repaired;repairingC.repairing;repairedD.being repaired;repaired【解析】空一处考查need doing =need to be done;空二考查have sth. done“让别人做某事；某人遭遇”。句意为:我的手表需要修理了，但是我没有时间去市里找人修理。综上，可知答案为C。【答案】CThose who failed to get in _ disappointed as many of the artists who should have appeared did not come.A.didnt need feltB.neednt have feltC.mustnt have feltD.couldnt have felt【解析】句意为：那些没有进去的人根本没必要感到失望，因为许多应该出席的画家并没有到场。neednt have done sth.“本没有必要做某事而实际却做了”。【答案】BIt was Sunday.I _ up early, so I stayed in bed until 10 oclock a.m.A.dont need to getB. didnt need to getC.shouldnt have gotD. neednt have got 【解析】考查情态动词need的用法。句意为：今天是星期天。我没有必要早起，所以我早上直到10点钟才起床。由题干可知句子的时态为一般过去时，故排除A项；shouldnt have done“本来不应该做某事而实际上已经做了”；neednt have done“本没有必要做某事但实际上已经做了”，均与题意不符，故排除，选B。【答案】B