图表作文主体段常用词及例句.doc

图表作文主体段常用词及例句
图表作文主体段介绍数据或描述变化趋势的常用词及例句
动词部
表示上升的动词
go up (went up) increase (increased) rise (rose) grow (grew)S41bBF3。svtn57r。
其中rise和increase这两个词也可以作名词用。另外“经历了一段上升的趋势 / 经历了一段下降的趋势”还可以用固定短语experience an upward trend / experience a downward trend来表达。KU4d0xe。ufMcxo0。
例句：
It is expected to maintain this level until 2030, while the others should rise slightly after 2025.qlOF9hg。SKt689O。
This rise was particularly noticeable between 1999 and 2002.cabfZ10。YOCJMUe。
National and international fixed line calls grew steadily from 38 billion to 61 billion at the end of the period.UZnpANc。cAwWloQ。
表示急剧上升的动词
jump (jumped) shoot up (shot up) surge (surged) soar (soared)YZyB1r5。N0NIl5G。
其中surge也可作名词用。
例句：
The spending on research and development soared to 2.7 million pounds in 1990.YCchiyc。L0brnC6。
表示下降的动词
decline (declined) (decline不能用is / are + declined这样的被动形式)ypqhVIk。OHuSIWu。
fall (fell) drop (dropped)
dip (dipped) decrease (decreased)
其中，decline, fall, drop, decrease这四个词也经常作名词用。
例句：
After slight increases, hydropower has fallen back to（回落至）the 1980 figure.RtrVII2。R8FjWwX。
Other workers’ salaries saw a fall from 28% in 1981 to only 15% of spending in 2001.mGUtQiv。kYpCMS7。
表示急剧下降的动词
plummet plunge
例句：The average price of tennis racquets plummeted to 79 pounds in 1990.gRTLC1x。YcyrFyE。
如果要表示从……上升（或者下降）到……的介词搭配应该用from … to …，但是如果并不想突出具体的起点数值或终点数值，而只是想突出上升（或下降）的幅度是多少，应使用介词by。cktV7iL。D2kk10o。
例句：
Local fixed line calls were the highest throughout the period, rising from 72 billion minutes in 1995 to just under 90 billion in 1998. 8TajWMP。gRu2Fu8。
Nuclear has risen by 3 quadrillion units, and solar/wind by 2 quadrillion units.1Gd4pDK。Hn6jitP。
Exports of goods fell by 1.6% in the fourth quarter of 2012.EBYSe9E。gli528L。
Milk production declined by 15% in the late summer months.0ngcHeA。eTElsAf。
表示由……组成的短语
be made up of be composed of consist of comprise/be comprised ofGKqz9Ql。CGjelKo。
表示波动的动词
fluctuate (不能用被动形式)：不及物动词，经常搭配为fluctuate between…and…，其名词形式为fluctuation也为常用词。RdifzSz。JDmAply。
例句：
Consumption has fluctuated since 1990 but both now provide 24q.7OKWl2K。M0rAEvX。
Despite some initial fluctuation, from 1995 there was a steady increase.Yxryuzh。otJikGy。
表示稳定在某一水平上的词组
remain stable at（当图中看到一根线里有一段接近于水平线时可使用该词）
level off at hover at
例句：
Its consumption levels remained stable at around 14% over the three decades.t95aPVa。WJlIbBT。
Coal is predicted to increase steadily to 31q in 2030, while after 2014, gas will remain stable at 25 quadrillion units.eFMqmVp。js8jpIg。
表示经历了某种变化的及物动词（图中有时间跨度时可用）
see experience witness
例句：
The cost of furniture and equipment saw an opposite trend.AQO2DkP。qgu46lz。
The unemployment rate in Europe experienced a sharp increase from 2.5% to approximately 9% in the late 1970s.ZxXbliH。Sm1E9rQ。
表示到达最高点的词组
peak at reach its peak at reach the highest level atHCpakrx。kU6MW82。
例句：
After peaking at 90 billion the following year, these calls had fallen back to the 1995 figure by 2002.Msl7D9D。rHVsGwB。
表示到达最低点的词组
reach its lowest point at fall to its lowest point at reach its lowest level atltRMe4M。1YJRi9M。
介绍趋势时表示多少数量的及物动词或词组
reach（表示“达到”多少） stand at（表示“位于”多少）
此外也可以更加具体地使用上升到 / 下降到等词汇来表达。
表示占多少份额的动词（含有百分比或者份额的题必用，尤其在pie chart里）
account for make up represent constitute
例句：This cost decreased to only 5% of total expenditure in 1991 but rose dramatically in 2001 when it represented 23% of the school budget.kNf7R2j。b6Fhd5A。
Commercial buildings accounted for 32% of total energy consumption in 2007.c9RIlEH。xCNc3mq。
表示对将来数字的预测的及物动词
expect predict project
这三个单词经常以被动形式使用，而且尽管是介绍未来的数字，但be动词还是用is或者are的一般现在时形式。WGKl36Z。jbP87xB。
常用句型：something is expected to / is projected to / is predicted to …（后面加动词短语）l6RtEne。MdaKgEY。
例句：This is expected to continue, reaching 47q in 2030.C7qlWBE。mB1auB0。
Coal is predicted to increase steadily to 31q in 2030, while after 2014, gas will remain stable at 25q.IBqPcjA。BM3D5SM。
表示变成原来数值的两倍或三倍的动词
double increase twofold triple
例句：Eating disorders in women decreased by about 50%, while the figure for men doubled.9iZD4tL。EaEcKpm。
This rise was particularly noticeable between 1999 and 2002, during which time the use of mobile phones tripled.mGuRjZs。2kev2Jq。
表示是另一事物的两倍或三倍的表达
be twice as high (long / fast / popular等等) as …
be three times as high (long / fast / popular等等) as …QNaz00F。xylIpZX。
例句：In EU countries, the average meat consumption was twice as high as the global average.stkENNr。1JECcPM。
如果要表示“变成了将近原来的两倍”，“变成了原来的两倍还要多”，“几乎变成了原来的三倍”等含义还可用almost doubled，more than doubled，was nearly three times as high as …等多样形式表达。fa20TSf。H22bv9C。
表示原有的差距缩小的表达
The gap between … and … narrows (narrowed).
例句：The gap between the three categories had narrowed considerably over the second half of the period.71iH0yE。4ApzPva。
反义句型：The gap between … and … widens (widened).
表示原本少于但后来超过的及物动词
exceed（后接阿拉伯数字或者百分数）
overtake（后接比较对象）
例句：The consumption of chicken, on the other hand, showed an upward trend, overtaking that of lamb in 1980 and that of beef in 1989.mXVIYj4。gvXyyy3。
形容词和副词部
表示急剧的形容词
sharp (sharply) rapid (rapidly) dramatic (dramatically)I0uXzo5。lUIpqXB。
例句：There was a dramatic increase in mobile calls from 2 billion to 46 billion minutes.eosxvqe。SUyix5Z。
表示持续的形容词
gradual (gradually) continuous (continuously) steady (steadily)prXAtdC。mUGt1nX。
slow consistent (consistently)
其中consistently/continuously表示“持续地（上升或下降）”，但是急剧地还是稳步地都有可能，而gradually/steadily表示“持续地而且稳步地（上升或下降）”。MhkbWq8。cv075iD。
例句：
Coal is predicted to increase steadily to 31q in 2030, whereas after 2014, gas will remain stable at 25q.f4T2QZP。kf8f8g0。
Despite some initial fluctuation, from 1995 there was a steady increase.WEZKNRN。EsOJoLg。
Coffee production dropped continuously by more than 30% over the five years between 2004 and 2009.VinsL8J。t81zE5o。
Despite some initial fluctuation, from 1995 there was a steady increase. This is expected to continue（表示某一趋势继续）, reaching 47q in 2030.9tJBZiO。pX1Z0na。
表示显著的、大幅度的形容词
significant (significantly) substantial (substantially)XNgVsdU。7TqPsAs。
considerable (considerably) noticeable (noticeably) marked (markedly)DEJgkaE。YmrmkUR。
例句：
The consumption of fast food also declined, but much less significantly.UaNfCBg。pUNv8n0。
The gap between the three categories had narrowed considerably over the second half of the period.WjcVl9A。jca3JtU。
This rise was particularly noticeable between 1999 and 2002, during which time the use of mobile phones tripled.FM5opXQ。ppFidC7。
图表作文中还经常在significantly，considerably和noticeably的后面接形容词比较级，例如：significantly higher，considerably faster等。NmhJ03P。c5Zrht3。
表示很小幅度的形容词
slight (slightly) marginal (marginally) minimal
例句：
After slight increases, hydropower has fallen back to the 1980 figure.8QgSagG。y86NF7w。
It is expected to maintain this level until 2030, while the others should rise slightly after 2025.u1hBbOf。c13pLsw。
Italy’s spending on personal stereos is only marginally greater than that of Germany.l7DrsAo。rNBaY1H。
The impact of this on North America was minimal, with only 0.2% of land affected.fQbkKwf。ror60v2。
表示大约的副词或词组
about around approximately
just over just under
例句：
In 1940 the proportion of people aged 65 and over stood at approximately 7% in Sweden.BvdFPBg。E0MQkRO。
Local fixed line calls were the highest throughout the period, rising from 72 billion minutes in 1995 to just under 90 billion in 1998.xTqtkSZ。S3MdisB。
表示分别的副词
respectively (常跟在两组或者多组数字后面)
例句：
From 20q and 15q respectively in 1980, gas showed an initial fall and coal a gradual increase, with the two fuels equal between 1985 and 1990.245DGC2。b3x6BEE。
Globally, 65% of degradation is caused by too much animal grazing and tree clearance, constituting 35% and 30% respectively.ZPUyeDq。IxbWqoi。