博士研究生入学考试英语试题.doc

博士硕士入学考试英语试题

昆明理工大学 博士硕士招生考试试题（A）

考试科目代码：1111 考试科目名称 ： 英语
试题适用招生专业 ：全校
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Part II Structure and Vocabulary ( 15 points )
Directions: In this part, there are fifteen incomplete sentences. For each sentence four alternatives A, B, C or D are given. Decide which of the alternatives best completes the sentence and mark the corresponding letter on your ANSWER SHEET.

1. It is rather ______ that we still do not know how many species there are in the world today.
A. misleading B. boring C. embarrassing D. demanding
2. Although not an economist himself, Dr. Smith has long been a severe critic of the government’s ______ policies.
A. economical B. economic C. economy D. economics
3. At three thousand feet, wide plains begin to appear, and there is never a moment when some distant mountain is not ______.
A. on view B. at a glance C. on the scene D. in sight
4. Being impatient is ______ with being a good teacher.
A. intrinsic B. ingenious C. incompatible D. inherent
5. She was so ______ in her job that she didn’t hear anybody knocking at the door.
A. attracted B. absorbed C. drawn D. concentrated
6. Jack was about to announce our plan but I ______.
A. cut him short B. gave him up C. turned him out D. put him through
7. When Jack was eighteen he ______ going around with a strange set of people and staying out very late.
A. took to B. took up C. took for D. took on
8. You see the lightning ______ it happens, but you hear the thunder later.
A. the instant B. for an instant C. on the instant D. in an instant
9. It is said that the math teacher seems ______ towards bright students.
A. preferable B. partial C. beneficial D. liable
10. It is hard to tell whether we are going to have a boom in the economy or a ______.
A. concession B. submission C. transmission D. recession
11. People who like to wear red clothes are more likely to be talkative and ______.
A. vivacious B. perilous C. introverted D. lucrative
12. Benjamin Franklin, tactless in his youth, became so diplomatic, so ______ at handling people that he was made American Ambassador to France.
A. shrewd B. foxy C. considerate D. adroit
昆明理工大学 博士硕士招生考试试题
13. Consumers deprived of the information and advice they needed were quite simply ______ every cheat in the marketplace.
A. in lieu of B. for the price of C. by courtesy of D. at the mercy of
14. Reporters and photographers alike took great ______ at the rude way the actor behaved during the interview.
A. annoyance B. resentment C. offence D. irritation
15. If you work under a car when repairing it, you often get very ______.
A. waxy B. sticky C. slippery D. greasy

Part III. Reading Comprehension ( 40 points )
Directions: There are four passages in this part. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. You should decide on the BEST choices and then mark the corresponding letter on the ANSWER SHEET.
Passage 1
The prefix Mach is used to describe supersonic speed. It was named for Ernst Mach (1838-1916), a Czech-born Austrian physicist, who contributed to the study of sound. When twice the speed of sound, it is Mach 2. When it is near but below the speed of sound, its speed can be designated at less than Mach 1, for example, Mach 0.9. Mach is defined as "the ratio of the velocity of a rocket or a jet to the velocity of sound in the medium being considered."
When a plane passes the sound barrier—flying faster than sound travels—listeners in the area hear thunderclaps, but the pilot of the plane does not hear them.
Sound is produced by vibrations of an object and is transmitted by alternate increase and decrease in pressure that radiate outward through a material media of molecules— somewhat like waves spreading out on a pond after a rock has been tossed into it.
The frequency of sound is determined by the number of times the vibrating waves undulate波动 per second and is measured in cycles per second. The slower the cycle of waves, the lower the frequency. As frequencies increase, the sound is higher in pitch.
Sound is audible to human beings only if the frequency falls within a certain range. The human ear is usually not sensitive to frequencies of fewer than 20 vibrations per second, or more than about 20,000 vibrations per second—although this range varies among individuals. Anything at a pitch higher than the human ear can hear is termed ultrasonic.
Intensity, or loudness, is the strength of the pressure of these radiating waves and is measured in decibels. The human ear responds to intensity in a range from zero to 120 decibels. Any sound with pressure over 120 decibels is painful to the human ear.
The speed of sound is generally placed at 1,088 feet per second at sea level at 32 degrees Fahrenheit. It varies in other temperatures and in different media. Sound travels faster in water than in air, and even faster in iron and steel. It travels a mile in 5 seconds in air, it does a mile under water in 1 second, and it travels through iron in 1/3 second. It travels through ice cold vapor at approximately 4,708 feet per second; ice-cold water, 4,938; granite, 12,960; hardwood, 12,620; brick, 11,960; glass, 16,410 to 19,690; silver, 8,658; gold, 5,717.
昆明理工大学 博士硕士招生考试试题
16. According to this passage, “Mach” refers to ______.
A. the ratio of the air speed of an aircraft to the speed of sound
B. a machine
C. a Czech-born Australian physicist
D. the pilot of the plane
17. Sound is produced by ______.
A. vibrations of an object passing through the air
B. spreading of waves after a rock being tossed into a pond
C. thunders
D. a flying plane
18. Decibel is ______.
A. the frequency of radiating waves
B. the pressure of radiating waves
C. the unit for measuring the intensity of sound
D. the speed of sound
19. Which of the following is a TRUE statement?
A. Sound travels fastest through the hardest thing.
B. Sound travels at different speed in different temperatures and in different media.
C. Sound travels fastest in hottest temperature.
D. Sound travels fastest in coldest temperature.
20. Which of the following can serve as the best title of this passage?
A. The Prefix Mach.
B. The Speed of Sound.
C. The Frequency of Sound.
D. The Intensity of Sound.

Passage 2
Science is a dominant theme in our culture. Since it touches almost every aspect of our life, educated people need at least some idea of its structure and operation. They should also have an understanding of the subculture in which scientists live and the kinds of people they are. An understanding of general characteristics of science as well as specific scientific concepts is easier to obtain if one knows something about the things that excite and frustrate the scientist.
This book is written for the intelligent student or lay person whose knowledge of science is superficial; for the person who has been presented with science as a musty storehouse of dried facts; for the person who sees the chief objective of science as the production of gadgets; and for the person who views the scientists as some sort of magician. The book can be used to supplement a course in any science, to accompany any course that attempts to give an understanding of the modern world, or independently of any course, simply to provide a better understanding of science. We hope this book will lead readers to a broader perspective on scientific attitudes and a more realistic view of what science is, who scientists are, and what they do. It will give them an awareness and understanding of the relationship between science and our culture and an appreciation of the roles science may play in our culture. In addition, readers may learn to appreciate the relationship between scientific views and some of the values and philosophies that are pervasive in our culture.
昆明理工大学 博士硕士招生考试试题
We have tried to present in this book an accurate and up-to-date picture of the scientific community and the people who populate it. That population has in recent years come to consist of more and more women. This increasing role of women in the scientific subculture is not a unique incident but, rather, part of the trend evident in all parts of society as more women enter traditionally male-dominated fields and make significant contributions.
In discussing these changes and contribution, however, we are faced with a language that is somewhat sexist, one that uses male nouns or pronouns in referring to unspecified individuals. To balance this built-in bias, we have adopted the policy of using plural nouns and pronouns whenever possible and, when absolutely necessary, alternating him and her. This policy is far from being ideal, but it is at least an acknowledgement of the inadequacy of our language in treating half of the human race equally.
We have also tried to make the book entertaining as well as informative. Our approach is usually informal. We feel, as many other scientists do, that we shouldn’t take ourselves too seriously. As the reader may observe, we see science as a delightful pastime rather than as a grim and dreary way to earn a living.

21. According to the passage, ‘scientific subculture’ means ______.
A. cultural groups that are formed by scientists.
B. people whose knowledge of science is very limited
C. the scientific community
D. people who make good contribution to science
22. We need to know something about the structure and operation of science because ______.
A. it is not easy to understand the things that excite and frustrate scientists.
B. science affects almost every aspect of our life.
C. scientists live in a specific subculture.
D. it is easier to understand general characteristics of science.
23. The book mentioned in this passage is written for readers who ______.
A. are intelligent college students and lay person who do not know much about science
B. are good at producing various gadgets
C. work in a storehouse of dried facts.
D. want to have a superficial understanding of science.
24. According to this passage, which of the following is true?
A. English is a sexist language.
B. Only in the scientific world is the role of women increasing rapidly.
C. Women are making significant contributions to eliminating the inadequacy of our language.
D. Male nouns or pronouns should not be used to refer to scientists.
25. The text most probably is ______.
A. a book review B. the preface of a book
C. the postscript of a book D. the concluding part of a book

Passage 3
Does using a word processor affect a writer s style？The medium usually does do
昆明理工大学 博士硕士招生考试试题
something to the message after all, even if Marshall McLuhan’s claim that the medium simply is the message has been heard and largely forgotten now. The question matters. Ray Hammond, in his excellent guide The Writer and the Word Processor, predicts that over half the professional writers in Britain and the USA will be using word processors by the end of 1985. The best-known recruit is Len Deighton, from as long ago as 1968, though most users have only started since the microcomputer boom began in 1980.
Ironically word processing is in some ways psychologically more like writing in rough than typing, since it restores fluidity and provisionality to the text. The typist’s dread of having to get out the Tippex, the scissors and paste, or of redoing the whole thing if he has any substantial second thoughts, can make him consistently choose the safer option in his sentences, or let something stand which he knows to be unsatisfactory or incomplete, out of weariness. In word processing the text is loosened up whilst still retaining the advantage of looking formally finished.
This has, I think, two apparently contradictory effects. The initial writing can become excessively sloppy and careless, in the expectation that it will be corrected later. That crucial first inspiration is never easy to recapture, though, and therefore, on the other hand, the writing can become over-deliberated, lacking in flow and spontaneity, since revision becomes a larger part of composition. However, these are faults easier to detect in others than in oneself. My own experience of the sheer difficulty of committing any words at all to the page means I’m grateful for all the help I can get.
For most writers, word processing quite rapidly comes to feel like the ideal method (and can always be a second step after drafting on paper if you prefer). Most of the writers interviewed by Hammond say it has improved their style. (“immensely”, says Deighton). Seeing your own word on a screen helps you to feel cool and detached about them.
Thus it is not just by freeing you from the labor of mechanical retyping that a word processor can help you to write. One author (Terence Feely) claims it has increased his output by 400%. Possibly the feeling of having a reactive machine, which appears to do things, rather than just have things done with it, accounts for this—your slave works hard and so do you.
Are there no drawbacks? It costs a lot and takes time to learn—“expect to lose weeks of work”, says Hammond, though days might be nearer the mark. Notoriously it is possible to lose work altogether on a word processor, and this happens to everybody at least once. The awareness that what you have written no longer exists anywhere at all, is unbelievably enraging and baffling.
Will word processing generally raise the level of professional writing then? Does it make writers better as well as more productive? Though all users insist it has done so for them individually, this is hard to believe. But reliance happens fast.

26. What appears to be changing rapidly in Britain and the USA？
A. The style writers are employing.
B. The way new writers are being recruited.
C. The medium authors are using.
D. The message authors are putting forward.
27. Typing a manuscript in the conventional manner may make a writer ______.
A. have a lot of second thoughts
昆明理工大学 博士硕士招生考试试题
B. become overcritical of his or her work
C. make more mistakes
D. take few risks
28. One effect of using a word processor may be that the ongoing revision of a text ______.
A. is done with too little attention
B. produces a sloppy effect
C. fails to produce a fluent style
D. does not encourage one to pick up mistakes
29. It is claimed here that word processors create ______.
A. a feeling of distance between a writer and his or her