七上英语语法知识.doc

七上英语语法知识

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七年级上册英语语法知识
一． 代词 (pron.)

第一人称单数
第二人称
单数和复数
第三人称单数（三单）
第一人称复数
第三人称复数
人称代词
我
你 / 你们
他
她
它
我们
他们
主格
I
you
he
she
it
we
they
宾格
me
you
him
her
it
us
them
物主代词
我的
你的/ 你们的
他的
她的
它的
我们的
他们的
形容词性
my
your
his
her
its
our
their

名物代
mine
yours
his
hers
its
ours
theirs

(一) 翻译成英语：
1．我是_______________ 2.我父母________________
3. 我舅舅的儿子_____________ 4．你们的朋友______________
5. 你的电话号码______________6. 谢谢你的来信_____________
7. 他的英文词典________________ 8.他的姓氏_____________
9. 男孩们的名字_____________ 10. 她的祖父母____________
11.她的全家照______________ 12.让我帮助她____________
13. 它是熊猫________________ 14.它的名字______________
15.他的电话号码____________ 16.我们的学校____________
17.我们最喜爱的水果__________________18.他们的书包_________________
19. 他们的文具盒___________ 20.我们的学校图书馆______________
(二) 选词填空：
1. What’s ________ name? (you / your ) _________ name is Bob. ( My / I / me)
2. _________ erasers are in ________drawer. (her / she / Her / She)
3. Can ________(you / your ) do _______ (you / your ) homework?
4. ___________ is a cat. ________ name is Mimi. ( it / its / It / Its )
5. _________ brother can speak Japanese. (He’s / His / He )
6. Please take _________ keys to school. __________ are on the table.
( they / their / them / They / Their / Them )
7. _________ is thirteen years old. __________ birthday is March 1st. (He / His / Him)
8. __________ favorite vegetable is tomato. (her / she / Her / She)
9. Can you help _____?( we / us / our) Please take ______ to school. ( they / their / them)
10. ________ can’t see _________baseball. It’s behind _________.( My / I / me / my )
（三）完成句子：
1. A: What’s this / that ?
B: _________ is a dresser.
A: How do you spell _________ , please ?
B: D-R-E-S-S-E-R.
2. A: What are these / those ?
B: _________ are tomatoes.
3. A: Does Cindy like salad?
B: No, _________doesn’t.
4. A: How much are his shoes?
B: _________ are 100 dollars.
5. A: Is Alan your friend?
B: Yes, _________ is.
6. A: Do you have a soccer ball?
B: Yes, _________ do.
7. A: Who is that girl?
B: _________ is Jack’s sister.’
8. This is David and this is Tim. _________ are our friends. We often help _________ .
9. Those are strawberries. Sally likes _________.
10. The pants are nice. I’ll take _________.

二. 名词的所有格
(1) 有生命的东西的名词所有格：
a) 单数后加 ’s 如: Lucy’s ruler my father’s shirt
b) 以s 结尾的复数名词后加 ’如: his friends’ bags
c) 不以s 结尾的复数后加 ’s children’s shoes
l 并列名词中，如果把 ’s加在最后一个名词后，表示共有, 如:
Tom and Mike’s car 汤姆和迈克共有的小汽车
l 要表示所有物不是共有的，应分别在并列名词后加’s
Tom’s and Mike’s cars 汤姆和麦克各自的小汽车
(2)表示无生命东西的名词通常用“ of ＋名词”来表示所有关系：如:
a picture of the classroom a map of China

（一）翻译下列短语:
1. 汤姆的背包________________ 2. 我朋友的生日聚会__________________
3. 他们父母亲的房间____________
4. 她两个兄弟各自的电脑________________
5. 戴维和保罗的两个家庭_________________________
6. 露西和莉莉家的书橱_________________________
7. 男士手表_______________
8. 一张吉姆家的全家照___________________
9. 一幅中国地图_______________
10.Tim的一本英语字典_________________________

三．冠词
1. 种类：（1）不定冠词：a / an a unit / an uncle
元音开头的可数名词前用an :
an egg / an apple / an orange / an eraser / an answer / an ID card / an
alarm clock /
an actor / an actress / an e-mail / an address / an event / an example /
an opera / an hour
an old man / an interesting book / an exciting sport / an action movie /
an art lesson /
（2）定冠词：the the egg the plane
2. 用法:
定冠词的用法：
（1）特指某（些）人或某（些）物： The ruler is on the desk.
（2）复述上文提到的人或物：He has a sweater. The sweater is new.
（3）谈话双方都知道的人或物：The boys aren’t at school.
（4）在序数词前： John’s birthday is February the second.

2. 用法:
定冠词的用法：
（1）特指某（些）人或某（些）物： The ruler is on the desk.
（2）复述上文提到的人或物：He has a sweater. The sweater is new.
（3）谈话双方都知道的人或物：The boys aren’t at school.
（4）在序数词前： John’s birthday is February the second.
（5）用于固定词组中： in the morning / afternoon / evening
不用冠词的情况：
（1）专有名词前：China is a big country.
（2）名词前有定语：this , that , my , your , some, any , no 等：
This is my baseball.
（3）复数名词表示一类人和事：Monkeys can’t swim. They are teachers.
（4）在节日，日期，月份，季节前：Today is Christmas Day. It’s Sunday.
（5）一日三餐前：We have breakfast at 6:30.
（6）球类 棋类运动前：They often play football after class. He plays chess at home.
* 但乐器前要用定冠词：I play the guitar very well.
（7）学科名称前：My favorite subject is music.
（8）在称呼或头衔的名词前：This is Mr Li.
（9）固定词组中：at noon at night by bus
Exercises:
一．填空：（在有必要的地方填上冠词，不填的划 “/ ”）
1. What’s this? It’s _____ clock.
2. What’s that? It’s _____ alarm clock.
3. What is it? It’s _____ w.
4. What color is the jacket? It’s ____orange. It’s ___ orange
jacket.
5. Jim’s mother is _____ Mrs Green. She is _____ teacher.
6. Those pens are in _____ pencil case.
7. Here’s _____ interesting family photo.
8. When does Lily go to _____ bed in _____ evening?
9. _____ “h”, _____ “o” and _____ “w” are in the word “how”.
10.Where is _____ bag? It’s under _____ table.
11. I often go to _____ school at _____ 7:00.
12. Take _____ things to _____ your brother.
13. ---Do you want to see _____ action movie?
---No, I want to play _____ chess.
14. When’s his sister’s birthday? It’s _____ April _____ eleventh.
15. Does Bill like _____hamburgers? No, he doesn’t.
16. ---Let’s play _____ soccer. --- I don’t have _____ soccer ball.
---Well, let’s play _____ piano. ---That sounds good.
17. --- Do you have _____ Art Festival at your school? ---Yes, we do.
18. ---When do people usually eat _____ breakfast?
--- They usually eat _____ it in _____ evening.
19. Rick often goes to see _____ Beijing Opera _____ weekends.
20. --- Can Tom play _____ piano? Yes, he can.Can he play _____ it well?
---No,he can’t.
四 句型复习

Ⅰ 句型结构
1、 肯定句：主语+be(am/is/are)+…
主语+can+动词原形+…
主语+ 行为动词原+其他…
主语+ 行为动词三单形式+其他…
2、否定句：主语+be(am/is/are)+not+…
主语+can’t+动词原形+…
主语+don’t(doesn’t)+动词原形+…
3、一般问句〈1〉be(am/is/are)+主语+…？
Yes,+主语+ be No,+主语+be not.
〈2〉Can+主语+动词原形+…？
Yes,主语+can No,主语+can’t
〈3〉Do/Does+主语+动词原形+…？
Yes,主语+do/does No,主语+don’t/doesn’t
4、特殊疑问句：
〈1〉 疑问词+be+主语+…？
主语+be+…
〈2〉 疑问词+can+主语+动词原形+…？
主语+can+动词原形…
〈3〉 疑问句+do(does)+主语+动词原形+…？

主语+ 动词原形+…
主语+动词三单形式+…
〈4〉疑问句：who/how/how old/how much/where/when/why/what/what/
what kind of…what time/what subject

(一）写出下列动词的三单形式：
take_______ be______ like ______ play ______ swim______ run______ do______ go ______ watch______ wish ______
think______ eat ______ have______ want______ study______ help______ learn______ teach______ start______

（二）将下列句子改为一般疑问句，并作肯定和否定回答：
1、My name’s Bob. ____________________________________
2、I’m his uncle. ____________________________________
3、Our shirts are too long. ____________________________________
4、My friend gets up at five o’clock.____________________________________
5、Lucy and Lily like sports. ____________________________________
6、Jerry’s teacher can play chess.____________________________________
7、Alicia is my aunt. ____________________________________
8、She wants to see Beijing Opera.____________________________________

（三）选出每句中正确的词：
1、(Is/Are)his eraser on the sofa? 2、(Where/What)are your baseball?
3、(Do/Does)Mary have a clock? 4、(Are/Do)they want to see a movie?
5、(Is/Can)she play the violin? 6、I (don’t/doesn’t)like hamburgers.
7、Why does Alice (likes/like)music?8、Who (am/is) your father?
9、(What/What’s) her favorite subject?10、How much (are/is) her socks?

（四）句型转换：对划线部分提问
1、 Peter is 12 years old. ____________________________________
2、 This is an English book.____________________________________
3、 The backpacks are black.
4、 Scott likes history. ____________________________________
5、 They have vegetables for lunch. ____________________________________
6、 She can play chess and sing.____________________________________
7、 It’s nine o’clock.____________________________________
8、 We go to bed at ten o’clock. ____________________________________
9、 His shoes are under the table.____________________________________
10、Her basketball is 5 dollars. ____________________________________
11、Dave’s favorite food is ice cream. ____________________________________
12、He likes documentaries.____________________________________
13、My birthday is October1st.____________________________________
14、They are fine.____________________________________
15、Nick wants to join the swimming club.____________________________________
16、Rick Smith is my favorite actor.____________________________________
17、Her favorite subject is science.____________________________________
18、Mike and Jack like math because it’s interesting.
____________________________________
19、My mother’s favorite color is blue.____________________________________
20、We go to school in the morning.____________________________________
21、I think they’re interesting. (改否定句)____________________________________
22、It’s December.30th.today. ____________________________________

（五）连词成句
1、 sister, is, she, your(?)____________________________________
2、 are, Lucy’s, those, rulers(.)____________________________________
3、 thrillers, like, Maria doesn’t(.)____________________________________
4、 want, join, to, do, They not, music club,the(.)
____________________________________
5、 uncle, is, also, thinks, it, boring, June’s father(.)
____________________________________
6、 play, my, the, piano, well, can, grandfather(.)
____________________________________
7、 tennis, like, but, doesn’t, Jim, he, volleyball, likes(.)
____________________________________
8、 two, has, she, and, sisters, brother, a(.)
____________________________________
9、 is, the, what, time(?)
____________________________________
10、 shower, when, take, o’clock, five, she, a(?)
____________________________________
五 时态复习
一、 一般现在时
1、Be 动词的一般现在时
Ｂｅ动词要根据句中主语的人称和数而变化。它有三种形式：am, is , are
am跟在I后面, ｉｓ 跟单数主语，ａｒｅ跟复数主语及单数You后面。如：
（1）I am a teacher.
（2）My brother is at school.
（3）Lucy and Lily are in Class One, Grade Two.
（4）You are a good boy.
2、 实义动词的一般现在时
一个动作经常反复地发生，就用一般现在时。第三人称单数(he, she , it, Tom等)作主语，谓语动词要加 ″ｓ″ 或 ″ｅｓ″，这种动词形式简称为单三动词，记住：单三人称单三动，其它人称用原型。如：
（1）They get up at six o’clock.
（2）He goes to school at seven- thirty .
附：动词第三人称单数的构成规则
1）一般情况下加s get—gets like---likes
2）以s, x, ch, sh, o结尾的加es: watch---watches go---goes do---does
3）以辅音字母加y结尾的，改y为i，加es carry---carries
特殊： have---has
二、情态动词can/must
情态动词(can, may, must )后动词用原形。如：
I can play the guitar. He can play the violin.
I must find my notebook.
三、几个动词的用法：
1、 let后用动词原形 Let’s play soccer.
2、 like及介词后动词用ing形式，
be good at swimming, help kids with singing,
like playing basketball, What about playing tennis?
3、 want to do sth./ would like to do sth
4、 help +sb+动词原形 help+人+with sth /doing sth.
Exercises:
(一)、用be的适当形式填空。
１Ｉ ______ａ student．
２__________ your father a worker﹖ Yes, he __________ ．
３They __________ in the classroom．
４This __________ an apple．
５where __________ my books﹖
6 We __________friends.
You __________ a good student.
7. These ___________her peas.
8. How much _________the T-shirt?
9. How much __________ the socks?
10. Our mother _________forty.
11. You can _________ in our school music club.
12. I want to ________ a teacher.
13. Let’s ___________friends.
14. He and I _________friends.
15. Tina ___________ a student.
16. Mary and Tom ___________ students.
17. Someone __________ in the room.
18. Who ________ your brother?
19. When _________ your uncle’s birthday?
（二）完成句子。
1. I _________ (know) the boy.
2. They __________(go) to work on Saturdays.
3. He usually _____________(comes) to school early.
4. I often _____________(have) rice, meat and vegetables.
5. My grandfather _____________(play) sports in the park.
6. Miss Li ____________(teach) English in our school.
7. The students of Class Four ___________(sing) a song on Monday.
8. Alicia and Jerry ______________ (do) homework after school.
9. We _____________(take) a shower in the evening.
10. Her sister ____________(have) Chinese every day.
11．__________ you __________( have) a soccer ball﹖
12． Mary _______________ (not come) from America.
She ___________(come) from Britain.
13． I ____________ ( not ,like) playing computer games.
14．______________Tom and his brother _____________(study) in Beijing?
15. __________ Your brother ___________(have) a son?
(三)非谓语动词填空。
1、 Who helps you ____________(look) after your daughter at home?
2、 The child is good at ____________(play) chess.
3、 My mother wants_______________(buy) a sweater.
4、 What about ______________(go) to the shop?
5、 Bob likes ______________(watch) TV.
6、 Can you help kids with _____________(swim)?
7、 Let’s _____________( sing) an English song.
8、 I want ____________(join) the soccer club.
9、 We like ____________( see) movies.
10. John often helps his mother___________(do) the housework.
（四）用动词的适当形式填空。
1 . Who ______________ ( teach ) English in your school ?
　　2 . May I _____________(know) your address?
　　3 . ___________(be) you twelve?
　　4 . She _____________(like) fish ,but she _______________ ( not like ) meat .
　　5 . Her mother is good at _____________ ( make ) cakes .
　　6 . Mr Green wants ______________ ( buy ) a new watch .
　　7 .Who _________(be) your English teacher?.
　　8 . My father ___________ ( go ) to bed at 10:00 every evening .
　　9 . His friend ___________________( like, play) computer games.
　　10 . Let’s ___________(watch) TV.
11. __________your mother _________(have) a baseball bat?
12._________Jim and Tom _________(like) hamburgers?
13. What kind of movies ________your grandfather ___________(want) to see?
14. Where _______(be) the two volleyballs?
15. That _____ (be ) is his family photo.
16．We can __________(sing) English songs.
17. He can ____________(do) Chinese Kung fu.
18. What time _________Mr. Brown ___________(take) a shower?
19. Mrs Jones ___________(watch) TV on weekends.
20. __________(be) your sisters in the bedroom?

六 名词复习

单数名词前有a/an、the或物主代词，如：a book、the book、his book

1、一般情况，加s：bags
2、以s、sh、x、ch结尾，加es：boxes
规则变化 3、以 f、fe、结尾，把f、fe改为v加es：shelf→shelves
可数 4、以辅音+y结尾，把y改为i,加es：baby