初中宾语从句讲义.doc

初中宾语从句：第一讲
导入：（在及物动词得后面可以接一个名词来充当宾语） I kown the man、
（而这时也可以用一个句子来充当宾语） I know that the man is a policeman
The man is a policeman、
1、基本概念
宾语：动作得承受者
从句：主从复合句就是由一个主句与一个或一个以上得从句构成得。主句就是复合句得主体，从句仅仅就是主句得一个成分，它从属于主句，不能独立。从句在全句中充当什么成分，就叫什么从句。
宾语从句：就是主从复合句得一种。宾语从句当中得从句在全句中作宾语
2、考试题型：
宾语从句就是中考得重点语法项目 ，其主要得考试形式出现在“选择填空与短文改错”中。
3. 引导词：
(1)由从属连词that引导得宾语从句:
e、g、 I hear (that) he will be back in an hour、
注：that 在句中无词义，在从句中不能充当句子成分，在口语中往往被省略。
(2)由疑问代词 who,whom,whose,which,what与疑问副词 where, when, why,how引导得宾语从句:
e、g、1)Do you know whose book it is ?（谁得，作定语）
2)Could you tell me why the train is late? （为什么，作状语）
3)He asked who could answer the question、（谁，作主语）
注： 这些连词既有词义又充当句子成份。
(3)由从属连词 whether, if 引导得宾语从句:
if/whether 引导宾语从句 表示“就是否”之义，在句中不充当句子成份。
e、g、 I want to know if/whether she is right 、
They didn’t know whether Tom could come back or not 、
I want to know if (whether) he lives there、
He asked me whether (if) I could help him、
If 与whether 得区别
（1）与or not 连用只能用whether
Eg: I don’t know _____ he will come or not、
（2）介词后只能用whether
Eg: I don’t care of ______ he is handsome、
（3）与to do 不定式连用只能用whether
Eg: He wondered ______ to stay here the next week、
（4）当宾语从句提到句首时，只能用whether引导
Eg: ____ he will come is not decided、
三、宾语从句得语序
无论主句就是陈述句还就是疑问句，宾语从句都就是运用陈述句得语序，即就是“主语在前，谓语在后”得顺序。
I think (that) you will like this school soon、
Can you tell me how I can get to the zoo?
Please tell me when we’ll have the meeting、
四、 宾语从句种得时态变化
I hear (that) Jim was ( be ) a worker two years ago、
Jim is ( be ) an English teacher now 、
Jim will cook ( cook ) dinner tomorrow 、
Jim is singing ( sing )a popular song now、
Jim has been ( be ) to the Great Wall twice 、
Jim was playing ( play ) basketball when his father came back、
Jim had learned ( learn )1000 Chinese words by the end of last semester、
He said what time it was、
He told me that he was preparing for the sports meet、
He said that he would go back to the U、S、A、 soon、
He asked if you had written to Peter、
He told me (that)summer is after Spring 、
I was told (that)the sun is much bigger than the moon、
My parents told me (that)no news is good news、
1. 当主句就是一般现在时，宾语从句得时态不作限制，我们可以根据句子得需要使用任何一种时态。（需要性原则）
2. 当主句就是一般过去时得时候，宾语从句必须运用相应得过去得某一种时态，从而达到主句与从句得相互一致。（呼应性原则）
3、当宾语从句说明得就是客观存在得事实或者就是客观存在得真理时，就不用受到主句时态得限制，仍就是用一般现在时态。（特殊性原则）
一、三类词引导得宾语从句：
从属连词that
疑问词：8个“W”,1个“H”
从属连词whether/if
二、宾语从句得语序
三、宾语从句得时态
1、 I don't know _________ he will come tomorrow、 _________ he comes, I'll tell you．
A、 if; Whether B、 whether; Whether C、 if; That D、 if; If
2、 I don't know _________ the day after tomorrow、

A、 when does he come B、 how will he come

C、 if he comes D、 whether he'll come
3、 Could you tell me _________ the nearest hospital is?

A、 what B、 how C、 whether D、 where
4、 Could you tell me _________ the radio without any help?

A、 how did he mend B、 what did he mend

C、 how he mended D、 what he mended
5、 I want to know _________、

A、 whom is she looking after B、 whom she is looking

C、 whom is she looking D、 whom she is looking after
6、 Do you know where _________ now?

A、 he lives B、 does he live C、 he lived D、 did he live

7、 Do you know what time _________?
A、 the train leave B、 does the train leave C、 will the train leave D、 the train leaves
8、 I don't know _________、 Can you tell me, please?

A、 how the two players are old B、 how old are the two players

C、 the two players are how old D、 how old the two players are
9、 The small children don't know _________、

A、 what is their stockings in B、 what is in their stockings

C、 where is their stockings in D、 what in their stockings
10、 I can't understand _________、

A、 what does Christmas mean B、 what Christmas does mean

C、 what mean Christmas does D、 what Christmas means

II、 按要求转换句型。
1、 Does Mr、 Brown enjoy living in China? Could you tell us?（改写句子）

→Could you tell us _________ Mr、 Brown _________ living in China?
2、 "Does the girl need any help?” he asked me、（变为复合句）

→He asked me _________ the girl _________ some help．

3、 Jim is not a student、 Tom is not a student, either、（合并为一个句子）

_________ Jim _________Tom is a student、
4、 When does the train leave? I want to know、（改为含宾语从句得复合句）

I want to know _________ the train _________、
5、 They went home after they had finished their homework、 (用not．．．until改写)

They _________ go home _________ they had finished their homework．
6、 Did Peter come here yesterday? Li Lei wants to know、 (改为含宾语从句得复合句)

Li Lei wants to know _________ Peter _________ here yesterday、

宾语从句专项训练参考答案：

I、 1—5DDDCD 6—10ADDBD
II、 1、 if／whether; enjoys 2、 if／whether; needed 3、 Neither; nor 4、 when; leaves

5、 didn't; until 6、 whether; came