2021年专八改错历届真题及答案.doc

 如下答案以上外教师给出答案为参照答案
PART IV PROOFREADING&ERRORCORRECTION [15 MIN]
The passage contains TEN errors. Each indicated line contains a maximum of ONE error. In each case，only ONE word is involved. You should proofread the passage and correct it in the following way:

For a wrong word, underline the wrong word and write the correct one in the blank provided at the end of the line.
For a missing word，mark the position of the missing word with a "^"sign and write the word you believe to be missing in the blank provided at the end of the line.
For an unnecessary word，cross the unnecessary word with a slash "/" and put the word in the blank provided at the end of the line.
EXAMPLE
When ^ art museum wants a new exhibit, (1) an
It never buys things in finished form and hangs (2) never
them on the wall. When a natural history museum
wants an exhibition it must often build it. (3) exhibit
专八完整真题，可到上海外语教诲出版社四八级在线网站观看。
Proofread the given passage on ANSWER SHEET TWO as instructed.
The central problem of translating has always been whether to translate literally or freely. The argument has been going since at least the first (1) ______
century B.C. Up to the beginning of the 19th century，many writers
favored certain kind of “free” translation：the spirit，not the letter；the (2) _______
sense not the word；the message rather the form；the matter not (3) _______
the manner. This is the often revolutionary slogan of writers who (4) _______
wanted the truth to be read and understood. Then in the turn of 19th (5) _______
century，when the study of cultural anthropology suggested that
the linguistic barriers were insuperable and that the language (6) _______
was entirely the product of culture，the view translation was impossible (7) _______
gained some currency，and with it that，if was attempted at all，it must be as (8) _______
literal as possible. This view culminated the statement of the (9) _______
extreme “literalists” Walter Benjamin and Vladimir Nobokov.
The argument was theoretical：the purpose of the translation，the
nature of the readership，the type of the text，was not discussed. Too
often，writer，translator and reader were implicitly identified with
each other. Now，the context has changed，and the basic problem remains. (10) _____

参照答案：
1．going∧ since－加入on
题解：go on意思是“继续”，符合句子表达含义“争论始终在继续”。

2．certain－改为a certain
题解：此处要表达意思是“诸多作家爱慕一种自由翻译办法”，第一次浮现这种办法应当加上不定冠词。

3． rather－改为not
题解：根据原句句子构造，rather应改为not。

4．is －改为was
题解：此句应当为过去时。

5． in －改为 at
题解：at the turn of 19th century“十九世纪之初”，是固定搭配。

6． the －删去第二个the
题解：这里并没有特指某种语言，因此不用定冠词。

7． view∧translation－加入that
题解：在view和translation之间加上that，可将“translation was impossible”当作view同位语。

8． was－删去was
题解：条件状语从句常可以省略主语和系动词。

9． culminated∧the－加入in
题解：culminate in是“以......告终”意思，符合上下文含义。

10． and －改为but
题解：根据原句意思“当前背景变化了，但是基本问题依然存在”，两句话之间应当是转折关系。

专八真题改错某些
　From a very early age，perhaps the age of five or six，I knew
 that when I grew I should be a writer. Between the ages of about          1__________
seventeen and twenty-four I tried to abandon this idea，but I did so
 with the conscience that I was outraging my true nature and that          2___________
soon or later I should have to settle down and write books.                 3___________
  I was the child of three，but there was a gap of five years        4__________
on either side，and I barely saw my father before I was eight. For
this and other reasons I was somewhat lonely，and I soon developed
disagreeing mannerisms which made me unpopular throughout my     5_____________
schooldays. I had the lonely child's habit of making up stories and
 holding conversations with imaginative persons，and I think from    6_________
 the very start my literal ambitions were mixed up with the feeling of   7________
being isolated and undervalued. I knew that I had a facility with words
and a power of facing in unpleasant facts，and I felt that this created    8________
a sort of private world which I could get my own back for my failure   9________
 in everyday life. Therefore，the volume of serious — i.e. seriously     10________
intended — writing which I produced all through my childhood and
boyhood would not amount to half a dozen pages. I wrote my first
 poem at the age of four or five，my mother taking it down to dictation.
1，  在grow后加up，考固定短语
2，  改consience为consciousness   考词语区别，consience翻译为“良心，道德心”，consiousness翻译为“意识”
3，  改soon为sooner，sooner or later是固定短语
4，  在child前加middle,  考上下文理解。 作者是三个孩子句中那位
5，  改disagreeing 为disagreeable ，disagreeing只能作动名词， 不能作形容词。disagreeable mannernisms 令人讨厌习惯
6，  改imaginative为imaginary，考词语区别   imaginative翻译为“有想象力”，imaginary翻译为“想象，虚构”
7，  改literal 为literary ，考词义区别， literal翻译为“字面”，literary 翻译为“文学方面”
8，  去掉face后in，face接宾语时是及物动词。考动词基本用法
9，  在world后加in或改which为where，考定语从句
10，   改Therefore为However或Nevertheness，考语境。
感悟：11专八改错相对前几年专八改错要简朴一点。本人以为词义区别考得过多了。

专八真题改错某些
So far as we can tell，all human languages are equally
complete and perfect as instruments of communication：that is，
every language appears to be well equipped as any other to say          1________________
the things their speakers want to say.                                                    2________________
There may or may not be appropriate to talk about primitive                3________________
 peoples or cultures，but that is another matter. Certainly，not all
groups of people are equally competent in nuclear physics or
psychology or the cultivation of rice . Whereas this is not the             4_____________
 fault of their language. The Eskimos ，it is said，can speak about
 snow with further more precision and subtlety than we can in            5______________
 English，but this is not because the Eskimo language (one of those
sometimes miscalled 'primitive') is inherently more precise and
subtle than English. This example does not come to light a defect       6______________
in English，a show of unexpected 'primitiveness'. The position is
 simply and obviously that the Eskimos and the English live in similar  7____________
environments. The English language will be just as rich in terms         8____________
for different kinds of snow，presumably，if the environments in which
 Englishwas habitually used made such distinction as important.           9_____________
  Similarly，we have no reason to doubt that the Eskimo language
could be as precise and subtle on the subject of motor manufacture
or cricket if these topics formed the part of the Eskimos' life.             10____________
  专八真题改错参照答案和分词
1 be后插入 as；   as…as引导比较级
2 their改为its；    its替代every language
3 There改为It；    It此处作为形式主语，真正主语是背面不定式
4 Whereas改为But ； 语境需要表达转折连词，whereas表达对比
5 further 改为much    further不能修饰比较级
      6 come改为bring；     (sth)come to light ，bring sth to light
  bring to light the defect of English =bring the defect of english to light 揭示英语缺陷
7 similar改为different；   根据语境应当用different
8 will改为would；        虚拟语调
9 as important去掉as;     
10 the part去掉the或改the为a       be/become/form (a) part of 是固定短语

09专八改错原题
The previous section has shown how quickly a rhyme passes
from one school child to the next and illustrates the further difference           (1)___________
between school lore and nursery lore. In nursery lore a verse,          
learnt in early childhood，is not usually passed on again when the               (2)___________
 little listener  has grown up，and has children of their own，or even          (3)____________
grandchildren.  The period between learning a nursery rhyme and
 transmitting it may be something from twenty to seventy years. With       (4)_____________
the playground lore，therefore，a rhyme may be excitedly passed            (5)___________
 on within the very hour it is learnt；and in the general，it passes             (6)_____________
 between children of the same age，or nearly so，since it is uncommon
for the difference in age between playmates to be more than five
years. If ,therefore，a playground rhyme can be shown to have been
 currently for a hundred years，or even just for fifty，it follows that it         (7)__________
has been retransmitted over and over；very possibly it has passed          (8)___________
along a chain of two or three hundred young hearers and tellers，and
 the wonder is that it remains live after so much handling，                        (9)____________
to let alone that it bears resemblance to the                                            (10)____________
答案分析：
(1) the further difference改为a further difference（本次应当用不定冠词表达泛指）
(2) 改when 为until,    构造not...until翻译为“直到……才”
(3)their改为his（代词和前文a little listener在单复数上保持一致）
(4)something 改为anything 此处指二十到七十任何时段
(5)therefore改为however （根据上下文逻辑关系）
(6) in the general去掉the （习常用法in general 表达总来说，普通不用冠词）
(7) currently 改为current （这里起是表语作用，需要形容词而不是副词）
(8) it has passed改为 it has been passed （和分号前被动保持一致）
(9) live 改为 alive    alive翻译为“鲜活”，普通作补语；live翻译为“现场转播；活”，普通作定语
(10) to let alone改为 let alone (let alone 为习惯搭配，意思是“更不用说

专八真题  短文改错 
The desire to use language as a sign of national identity is a
very natural one，and in result language has played a prominent         ____1____
part in national moves. Men have often felt the need to cultivate         ____2____
a given language to show that they are distinctive from another          ____3____
race whose hegemony they resent. At the time the United States        ____4____
split off from Britain，for example，there were proposals that
independence should be linguistically accepted by the use of a           ____5____
different language from those of Britain. There was even one           ____6____
proposal that Americans should adopt Hebrew. Others favoured
the adoption of Greek，though，as one man put it，things would
certainly be simpler for Americans if they stuck on to English         ____7____
and made the British learn Greek. At the end，as everyone             ____8____
knows，the two countries adopted the practical and satisfactory
solution of carrying with the same language as before.                   ____9____
Since nearly two hundred years now，they have shown the world     ____10____
that political independence and national identity can be complete
without sacrificing the enormous mutual advantages of a common
language.

1. in result 改成in consequence，
2 moves改成movements.
3 distinctive改成distinct或different
     4 在time后加when
   5 accepted 改成realized
  6 those改成that
  7 删除on,
 8 At 改成In
9 carrying with 改成 carrying on with
10 now改成 ago

07专八真题 短文改错
From what has been said，it must be clear that no one can
make very positive statements about how language originated.
There is no material in any language today and in the earliest         1__________
records of ancient languages show us language in a new and          2__________
emerging state. It is often said，of course，that the language           3_________
originated in cries of anger，fear，pain and pleasure，and the           4__________
necessary evidence is entirely lacking：there are no remote　　
tribes，no ancient records，providing evidence of
a language with a large proportion of such cries　　　　　　      5__________
than we find in English. It is true that the absence　　　　
of such evidence does not disprove the theory，but in　　           6__________
other grounds too the theory is not very attractive.
　　People of all races and languages make rather similar
noises in return to pain or pleasure. The fact that　　             7___________
such noises are similar on the lips of Frenchmen
and Malaysians whose languages are utterly different，
serves to emphasize on the fundamental difference　　　　       8___________
between these noises and language proper. We may
say that the cries of pain or chortles of amusement
are largely reflex actions，instinctive to large extent，              9____________
whereas language proper does not consist of signs
but of these that have to be learnt and that are                  10___________
wholly conventional.

1，改and为or,  any languagages today or recordsof ancient languages 是并列成分，在否定句中用or
2,  改show为showing，当前分词作定语
3， 删除the,  表达泛指
4， 改and为but，根据语境此处是转折
5，改 large为larger，背面有than,  应当用比较级
6，  改in为on，on other grounds “ 基于其他理由”，为固定搭配
7，改return为response   ，in response to “对……作出反映”
8，删除on，emphasize sth    emphasize是及物动词
9，在large前加a,   extent 是可数名词，前面要加冠词。 "to a large extent"翻译为“在很大限度上”
10，改 these为 those  those that/who为固定形式

专八短文改错
　　We use language primarily as a means of communication with
　　other human beings. Each of us shares with the community in which we
　　live a store of words and meanings as well as agreeing conventions as        1_______
　　to the way in which words should be arranged to convey a particular         2_______
　　message：the English speaker has in his disposal vocabulary and a         3_______
　　set of grammatical rules which enables him to communicate his              4_______
　　thoughts and feelings，in a variety of styles，to the other English              5_______
　　speakers. His vocabulary，in particular，both that which he uses active-
　　ly and that which he recognises，increases in size as he grows
　　old as a result of education and experience.                                    6_________
　　But，whether the language store is relatively small or large，the system
　　remains no more than a psychological reality for the individual，unless
　　he has a means of expressing it in terms able to be seen by another         7_________
　　member of his linguistic community；he bas to give the system a
　　concrete transmission form. We take it for granted the two most          8____________
　　common forms of transmission-by means of sounds produced by our
　　vocal organs (speech) or by visual signs (writing). And these are         9_____________
　　among most striking of human achievements.                               10____________
1，改agreeing为agreed   agreed conventions翻译为“习俗”
2，words前加the,  此处为特指
3，改in为at   at one’s disposal为固定短语，翻译为“由某人做主”
4， 改enables为enable，定语从句和先行词vocabulary and a set of grammatical rules保持一致
5，删除the，此处需要泛指
6，改 old为older，此处需要比较级
7， 改seen为understood，system应当是被理解
8．， 删除it    take sth for granted     take it for granted that…
9,  改 or为and  ,语境需要并列关系而不需选取关系
10， most前加the，形容词最高档中that普通不能省略

  专八真题短文改错        
The University as Busines
A number of colleges and universities have announced steep
tuition increases for next year much steeper than the current，
very low rate of inflation. They say the increases are needed because
of a loss in value of university endowments heavily investing in common              1 ________    
stock. I am skeptical. A business firm chooses the price that maximizes
its net revenues，irrespective fluctuations in income；and increasingly the           2 _________