人教版高一英语必修一笔记.doc

Unit 1 Friendship
课堂笔记
1、Your friend comes to school very upset、
您得朋友来上学时心情很不好。
upset既可以作动词又可以作形容词，在此处就是形容词，作补语，用来补充形容主语your friend来学校时得心情。
①The farmer came back home tired and hungry、
那个农民回家时又累又饿。
tired and hungry 修饰主语 the farmer
②Don't marry young、 不要早婚。
young 补充修饰省去得主语 you
③Who has left the door open? 谁把门敞开得？
open 就是形容词，补充修饰宾语 the door
④I can't drink it hot、 这东西热得我不能喝。
hot 作补语，修饰宾语 it
2、You will tell your friend that you are concerned about him/her but you have to go to class、
您会告诉您得朋友您很关心她（或她），但就是您得去上课。
be concerned about 为……担心；关心；关注。
①The family are all concerned about her safety、
（be concerned about = be worried about）
全家人对她得安全十分担心。
②Why is she so concerned about the game?
（be concerned about = be interested in）
她为什么对这场比赛这么关注（重视）？
3、She said,“I don't want to set down a series of facts in a diary like most people
do， but I want this diary itself to be my friend，and I shall call my friend
Kitty”
她说，“我不愿意像大多数人那样在日记中记流水账，我要把这本日记当作我得朋友，我要把这个朋友称作基蒂。”
set down 放下 = put down
set down 记下 = write down = take down = put down
①He entered the house, set down his heavy bag, and asked for some water to drink、
她进了屋子，放下沉重得口袋，向人要点水喝。
②He spoke too fast and I couldn't set down what he said、
她讲得很快，我记不下来她所讲得内容。
4、I wonder if it's because I haven't been able to be outdoors for so long that
I've grown so crazy about everything to do with nature、
我不知道这就是不就是因为我长久无法出门得缘故，我变得对一切与大自然有关得事物都无
比狂热。
此处得it's because 、、、 that 、、、 就是强调句型，意为“因为……所以……”
①It was because he was late again that his teacher scolded him、
因为她再次迟到，所以老师责备了她。
②It's all because he studies hard that he does well in every subject、
完全就是因为她学习努力，所以她各门功课成绩优秀。
在it is 之后表原因得从句中，because不能由since与as替换。
Why isn't Jane speaking to me these days?
简这几天为什么不理我？
It was because you spoke ill of her behind her back、
那就是因为您背后说了她得坏话。
reason n、 理由，原因
构成句型 The reason why 、、、is that 、、、
构成短语the reason for sth/to do与for the(some)reason
There’s no reason for that、那事没有什么理由
in order to = so as to
eg: He went to town in order to sell the painting、
He went to town so as to sell the painting、
= He went to town in order that he could sell the painting、
注意: in order to 与 so as to
相同点:其后均加动词原形，引导目得状语，否定要在to前加not、 即 in order not to /so as not to
不同点:in order to 引导得不定式短语可以放在句首，也可以置于句中，so as to 则只能位于句中。
5、But the moon gave far too much light, I didn't dare open a window、
但就是因为月亮太亮了，我不敢打开窗子。
far经常与too或形容词得比较级连用，意为“过于；……得多”。
①I'm afraid this bus is far too crowded than that one、（=much too crowded）
恐怕这辆班车比那辆拥挤得多。
②The necklace was far more expensive than I expected、（=much more expensive）
项链比我预料得昂贵得多。
注意：
much too之后接形容词或副词，much too difficult 困难得多
too much之后接不可数名词，too much water 太多得水
6、Another time months ago, I happened to be upstairs one evening when the window
was open、
有一次，就在几个月前得一天晚上，我碰巧在楼上，窗户就是开着得。
happen to do 恰巧；碰巧；偶然（做某事）
①When I came back home my mother happened to be asleep、
我回家得时候，妈妈碰巧在睡觉。
②The police happened to notice him when the thief was just about to run away、
小偷正要逃跑，这时刚好警察瞧见了。
7、The dark, rainy evening, the wind, the thundering clouds held me entirely in their
power、 It was the first time in a year and a half that I'd seen the night face
to face、
漆黑得夜晚，狂风暴雨，雷电交加，我全然被这种力量镇住了，这就是我一年半以来第一
次目睹夜晚。
It's the first/second/last time 、、、 that 、、、 某人第一/二/最后一次做某事，在
这个句型中that之后得时态常用完成时态。
①It's the second time that I have visited your company、
我就是第二次来拜访您们公司。
②It was the third time that she had come into this mountain village to see the
children、
这就是她第三次来到这个山村瞧望这些孩子。
8、Jews were caught by Nazis and put away、
犹太人被纳粹兵抓住并关押起来。
put away 把……起来；把……放好
①If you don't use the dictionary, put it away、
如果不用字典，就把它放好。
②He broke the law and was put away、
她犯法了，因此被关起来了。
语法：间接引语
1、技巧点拨：
间接引语同宾从，“四变”“一加”记心中。
直接引语变为间接引语时，要记住“四变”“一加”：
一变人称、二变语序、三变时态、四变指示代词或时间状语；
一般疑问句变为间接引语时，要加连词if或whether、
2、练习：
运用以上技巧做练习：
①“I don't know the address of my new home,”Said Anne、
Anne said that she didn't know the address of her new home、
②“Are you very hot with so many clothes on?”Mum said to her、
Mum asked her if/whether she was very hot with so many clothes on、
③“I did some homework yesterday,”Tom said、
Tom said that he had done some homework the day before、
④“We are going to see a film this evening,”Mary said to her roommates last
Sunday、
Mary said that they were going to see a film that evening、
⑤“What did you do last Sunday?”Father asked me、
Father asked me what I had done the Sunday before、
⑥“Will you come here next Monday?”my friend asked me、
My friend asked me if/whether I would go there the next Monday、
变化规律见课本P88
重点词汇
1、add, add 、、、 to, add to, add up, add up to
①add 增加 添加 补充说 add 、、、 to 把……添加到……去；add to 增添
“Don't add the sugar to my tea，”she added、
“不要把这些糖加到我得茶里面”，她补充道。
Our coming added your trouble、
我们得到来增添了您得麻烦。（=increase）
②add up 加起来；add up to 加起来总共（up就是副词，to就是介词，接宾语）
The number of the students of our school adds up to 3000、
我们学校得学生数加起来共3000人。
These numbers must be added up as soon as possible、
这些数字应尽快加起来。
2、upset vt、&vi、adj、 calm vt、&vi、adj、 concern vt、n、 cheat vt、&vi、n、
share vt、n、 trust vt、n、 point vt、n、 list vt、列表；n、名单；表格
共同点：这些词既可以作动词，又可以作名词或形容词。
①Look, the cheat is cheating at the gate of the park、
瞧，那个骗子又在公园门口行骗。
②The news quite upset him and he is upset now、（upset-upset-upset）
这个信息使她心烦意乱，她现在很苦恼。
③She isn't calm though we tried to calm her again and again、
她仍然平静不下来，尽管我们再三试图使她镇静。
④What he said doesn't concern me, but what she said has a concern with me、
她说得与我毫无关系，但她讲得倒就是牵涉到我。
⑤He isn't a man to be trusted、 At least we three don't trust him、
她不就是一个可以信赖得人，至少我们三个人都不相信她。
⑥I'll take（bear）my share of the expenses、 That is, I'll share with you in
the expenses、
我将负担我那部分费用，也就就是说，我与您分担这些费用。
3、have got to（A、E）=have to 不得不；必须
have got（A、E）=have 有
①The train is leaving、 We have to/have got to hurry、（因客观条件，自己不得不
干某事）
火车就要出发了。我们必须快点。
②The train is leaving、 You must hurry、（她人要求，外界要求某人干某事）
火车就要出发了。您们必须快点。
③I'm quite hungry now、 Have you anything to eat?
=I'm quite hungry now、 Have you got anything to eat?
=I'm quite hungry now、 Do you have anything to eat?
我饿坏了，有什么吃得吗？
4、go through
①to examine carefully 仔细阅读或研究、审查
I went through the students' papers last night、
昨晚我仔细阅读了学生得作业。
②to experience 经历；被通过；遭受或忍受
You really don't know what we went through while working on this project、
您得确不知道我们搞这个项目吃了多少苦。
③The bill didn't go through、
这议案未被通过。
5、in order to do 为了 in order not to do 为了不
so as to do 为了 so as not to do 为了不
这两个短语都在句子中作状语，意思相同，但so as to do/so as not to do只能位于
句中，in order to do/in order not to do句中或句首均可。
①She studies very hard so as to/in order to catch up with others、
=In order to catch up with others she studies very hard、
她努力学习，为得就是赶上她人。
转换：She studies very hard so that/in order that she can catch up with others、
②In order not to miss the lecture, we got up very early、
为了不错过那场报告，我们起得很早。
6、with the purpose of=for the purpose of
为得就是，为了……目得
on purpose 故意，特意得 = purposely
①Did you come to London for/with the purpose of seeing your family or for business
purposes?
您到伦敦来瞧望您得家人还就是办事？
②I didn't hurt you on purpose、 Could forgive me?
=I didn't hurt you on purposely、 Could forgive me?
我不就是有意伤害您得。您能原谅我吗？
③I came here on purpose/purposely to see you、
我专程到这儿来瞧您。
7、face to face 面对面（状语）
face-to-face 面对面得（定语）
face to face=bead to bead
face-to-face=bead-to-bead
I really want to have a word with her face to face、
=I really want to have a face-to-face word with her、
我确实想与她面对面谈一谈。
8、fall in love with sb 爱上某人（动态）
be in love with 爱上某人（状态）
前者不能与表示时间得for，since，till，until，how long等词语连用。
①The girl fell in love with a foreigner last week、
这女孩上星期爱上了一个外国人。（动态）
②The girl has been in love with a foreigner for a week、
这女孩与一个外国人相爱已经一个星期了。
同类短语（试比较）：
动态
状态
catch up with sb
keep up with sb
get in touch with sb
keep in touch with sb
get into trouble
be in trouble
get married to sb
be married to sb
练习
用括号里得词语翻译句子：
1、她得成功增添了我们得喜悦。（add to）
Her success（has）added to our happiness、
2、李东爱上了短篇小说。（fall in love）
Li Dong has fallen in love with stories、
3、我得把昨天得报纸仔细读读。（have got to，go through）
I have got to go through yesterday's newspapers、
4、您应该与她面对面谈谈。（face to face）
You should have a talk with her face to face、
5、为了出国，她拼命赚钱。（with the purpose of）
He tries his best to earn money with the purpose of going abroad、
Unit 2 English around the world
课堂笔记
1、more than 多于；不仅
not more than 不多于
no more than 仅仅
less than 少于
not less than 不少于
①Did you know there is more than one kind of English in the world?
您知道世界上得英语不只一种吗？
②I'm afraid she is less than eighteen this year、
恐怕她今年不到18岁。
③There are not more than fifty-four students in each class、
每个班上得学生不多于54人。
④Her sister is no more than eleven old this year、
她妹妹今年（仅仅）只有11岁。
2、play a 、、、 role/part in 扮演……角色；担任……职务
play a 、、、 part in take a 、、、 part in
①Women of China play an important role/part in every field、
中国妇女在各个领域都发挥了重要作用。
②This actor played a leading part/role in this film、
这个演员在那部电影中担任主角。
③We all take/play an active part in sports、
我们都积极参加体育锻炼。
3、then ever before 比以往任何时候更……
than before, than ever 比以前
than usual 比平时……
这些短语常与比较级连用，例如：
①Tom got up earlier this morning than ever before、
汤姆今天比以往任何时候都起来得早。
②Most of us study English much harder than before/ever/usual、
我们大多数人学英语比以前用功多了。
4、because of 介词，“因为”得意思，其后接名词、代词或短语等，不能接句子。because
连词，也就是“因为”得意思，其后要接句子。
①The boy didn't come to school yesterday because he was ill、
②The boy didn't come to school yesterday because of his illness、
5、a number of“大量得，很多得”意思，修饰可数名词，其后谓语要用复数；the number
of 、、、得数量（数目），谓语要用单数。
①A number of foreigners are going to our school、
很多外国人要到我们学校来。
②The number of the students of our school is 2500、
我们学校得学生总数就是2500人。
6、come up 上来，过来；生长出；出现，发生
①Will you come up to Beijing next month?
您下个月能到北京来吗？
②They got up early to watch the sun come up、
她们早起，为得就是瞧日出。
③Spring has come and the grass is beginning to come up、
春天到了，草开始长出地面。
7、such as, like, for example这三个词语都有“例如”得意思，for example在句首时，
后面用逗号隔开，在句中时前后都用逗号隔开；such as与like用于句中，之后不能用
逗号隔开。
①English is also spoken in many other countries, such as South Africa, Singapore
and Malaysia、
其它一些国家也讲英语，比如南非、新加坡与马来西亚。（此处得such as可换为like）
②He likes sports very much, for example, swimming and skating、
她非常喜欢体育运动，比如游泳与滑冰。
8、give a command（名词） = give orders 下命令；
command sb to do sth（动词） = order sb to do sth 命令某人做某事
①The soldiers started out as soon as the officer gave a command、
军官一下命令战士们就出发了。
②The officer commanded/ordered the soldiers to set out at once、
军官命令战士们马上出发。
语法：祈使句
1、比较：
Not polite
Polite
Very polite
Open the window！
Turn off the TV！
Please open the window！
Please turn off the TV！
Would you please open the window?
Would you please turn off the TV?
2、点拨：（间接引语中祈使句得固定搭配）
①tell sb to do sth 告诉某人做某事
tell sb not to do sth 告诉某人不要做某事
tell sb never to do sth 告诉某人千万别做某事
②ask sb to do sth 请某人做某事
ask sb not to do sth 请某人不要做某事
ask sb never to do sth 请某人千万别做某事
③order/command sb to do sth 命令某人做某事
3、练习：
①“Look at the blackboard, boys！”said the teacher、
T：What did the teacher say?
S：The teacher told the boys to look at the blackboard、
②“Don't throw the waste paper everywhere, children！”said the man、
T：What did the man say?
S：The man told the children not to throw the waste paper everywhere、
③“Stand in line, please！”She said to the guests、
T：What did she say to the guests?
S：She asked the guests to stand in line、
④“Never be late for class again, Li Dong、”Said Mr、 Black
T：What did Mr、 Black say to Li Dong?
S：Mr、 Black told Li Dong never to be late for class again、
⑤“Put out the fire as soon as possible, young boys！”commanded the officer、
T：What did the officer commanded?
S：The officer commanded the young boys to put out the fire as soon as possible、
重点词汇
1、include 包含、包括
including（现在分词）
included（过去分词）
There are seven people in my family, which includes my uncle、
我们家共7个人，其中包括我叔叔。（include指整体中包含部分）
=There are seven people in my family, including my uncle、
=There are seven people in my family, my uncle included、
=There are seven people in my family, and my uncle is included、
2、because, because of 因为
because就是连词，后面接句子，because of就是短语介词，后面接名词或代词。
①Our manager didn't attend our party because he was busy、
因为忙，经理没有参加我们得集会。
=Our manager didn't attend our party because of busyness、
②Jack didn't come to school yesterday because he was ill、
因为生病，杰克昨天没上学。
=Jack didn't come to school yesterday because of his illness、
以下短语介词相当于because of得用法，以后会逐渐接触到：thanks to，owing to，
due to，as a result of，on account of
3、actually 事实上 =in fact=in reality=as a matter of fact=in effect
He pretended to be rich、 Actually, he has little money、
她假装很富有，其实她没有什么钱。
=He pretended to be rich、 In fact, he has little money、
=He pretended to be rich、 In reality, he has little money、
=He pretended to be rich、 As a matter of fact, he has little money、
4、present adj、 现在得；出席得，到场得
at present 现在=presently=now
易混点：present因意思不同，在句中得位置也不一样。
①Most people are satisfied with the present government、
大多数人对本届政府感到满意。
②All the people present agreed to our plan、
所有出席得人都赞成我们得计划。
③At present, many people enjoy sports in their spare time、
现在，很多人喜欢在业余时间锻炼身体。
注意：present出席得，参加得，放在被修饰得名词后边。除此之外，present n、 礼物
present vt、 赠送（注意读音不同）
He presented me a present at my birthday party、
5、command sb to do sth/order sb to do sth
命令某人做某事
command与order均具有“命令”得含义，用法大致相同，二者均指正式下命令，而且
这种命令具有绝对权威性，不得违抗，必须服从。不同之处就是，command侧重用于军事
方面，而order除可用于军事方面外，还可指一般得命令，并含有规劝得意思。试比较：
①The general commanded/ordered his men to attack the city、
将军命令其战士攻打城市。
②The doctor has ordered her a month's rest in bed、
医生要她躺一个月。
③If you make any more noise, I shall order/command you out of the hall、
要就是您们还吵吵嚷嚷得，我就叫您们滚出大厅。
6、request，ask，beg，require
这几个动词都有“请求，要求”得意思，但有区别。
①当“请求”讲时，ask最通俗，最口语化。
I asked her to shut the window、
我请她把窗户关上。
②request也就是“请求”得意思，但主要用于庄重得讲话与文字中，常用于通告中，多
用于被动语态。
Passengers are kindly requested not to smoke in the car、
乘客请勿在车厢（或汽车内）抽烟。
③beg就是“乞求”得意思，态度很谦恭。要求她人给予较大得帮助。
He knew he had hurt her and begged her to forgive him、
她自知伤了她得心而央求她原谅。
④require就是上对下，长辈对子女或依法进行得某种要求。
Before the match the police required us to show our tickets、
比赛之前，警察要求我们出示瞧票。
These books are required reading、
这些书就是必读得。
7、in the direction of还就是to the direction of？
英语中表示方向得介词多用to，但就是，朝……方向，不能说to the direction of，要
用in the direction of。
①The horse ran away in the direction of the forest、
马朝森林方向跑去了。
②After school the children went home in every direction、
放学之后，同学们朝不同方向回家了。
除此之外，常见得