初中数词的用法.doc

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初中英语语法-数词及练习

一、内容概述
表示数目和顺序的词叫数词。数词可分为基数词和序数词两类
二、重点知识归纳及讲解
(一）基数词
基数词用来表示数目，或者说表示数量的词叫基数词。最基本的基数词如下表所示。
1 one
11 eleven
100 a hundred
2 two
12 twelve
20 twenty
1000 a thousand
3 three
13 thirteen
30 thirty
1，000，000 a million
4 four
14 fourteen
40 forty
10，000，000 ten million
5 five
15 fifteen
50 fifty
100，000，000 a hundred million
6 six
16 sixteen
60 sixty
1，000，000，000 a billion
7 seven
17 seventeen
70 seventy
8 eight
18 eighteen
80 eighty
9 nine
19 nineteen
90 ninety
10 ten
说明：
1．13—19是由个位数加后缀-teen构成。注意其中13、15的拼写是thirteen和fifteen。
2．20—90由个位数加后缀-ty构成，注意其中20—50的拼写分别是twenty, thirty, forty 和fifty;80的拼写是eighty。
3．其它非整十的两位数21—99是由整十位数加连字符“-”，再加个位数构成。如： 81 eighty-one。
4．101—999的基数词先写百位数，后加and再写十位数和个位数。如： 691 six hundred and ninety-one。
5．1000以上的基数词先写千位数，后写百位数，再加and，最后写十位数和个位数。
如：5893 five thousand eight hundred and ninety-three。在基数词中只有表示“百”、“千”的单位词，没有单独表示“万”、“亿”的单位词，而是用thousand（千）和million（百万）来表达，其换算关系为：1万=10 thousand;1亿=100 million; 10亿=a thousand million=a billion。
7．多位数的读法：
1）1000以上的多位数，要使用计数间隔或逗号“，”。即从个位起，每隔三位加一个间隔或逗号。第一个间隔或逗号前是thousand（千），第二个间隔或逗号前是million（百万），第三个间隔或逗号前是a thousand million或a billion(十亿)。
2）每隔三位分段以后就都成了101—999。读的时候十位数（或个位数）的前面一般要加and。如：
888，000，000读作：eight hundred and eighty-eight million。
（二）、基数词的用法
1．基数词的复数形式表示大量的 的数目。
在这种情况下，表示单位的基数词(hundred, thousand, million, billion)不能在词尾加-s。
例如： two hundred students 二百个学生 five thousand years 五千年
2．基数词的复数形式表示大量的 的数目，在这种情况下，表示单位的基数词词尾加-s，要与of短语连用。
3．基数词在句中的作用  基数词的作用相当于名词和形容词，它在句子中可充当主语，宾语，表语和定语。
例如： Three and five is eight. 3+5=8
           主语         表语
How many oranges do you want?你要多少桔子？
   I want eight. 我要八个。          There are eight boats in the lake. 湖里有八条小船。
         宾语                                   定语
 （三）序数词         表示顺序的词，叫序数词。序数词用来表示数词顺序。除特殊情况外，序数词一般都由相应的基数词加后缀-th构成。
请见下表：
第一到第十
第十一到第十九
第二十以上
first
eleventh
twentieth
second
twelfth
thirtieth
third
thirteenth
fortieth
fourth
fourteenth
fiftieth
fifth
fifteenth
sixtieth
sixth
sixteenth
seventieth
seventh
seventeenth
eightieth
eighth
eighteenth
ninetieth
ninth
nineteenth
hundredth
tenth
thousandth

说明：
1．英语中表示第一、第二、第三的序数词属特殊形式，要注意它们的拼写。
2．表示“几十”的序数词通常是将基数词词尾y变成i再加上后缀-eth。
3．其余的二位数序数词是以相应的整十基数词加个位序数词。如：fifty-first（第五十一）。
4．少数序数词拼法不规则，如：fifth（第五），eighth（第八），ninth（第九），twelfth（第十二）等。
注意：
1．序数词可缩写为阿拉伯数字加序数词最后两个字母。
例如： 第一：(the) first=1 st   第二：(the) second=2 nd    第三：(the) third=3 rd
 第五(the) fifth=5th 第九十七：(the) ninety-seventh=97 th 第一百零一：(the) one hundred (and)first=101st
2．编了号的事物要用基数词表示顺序，但是基数词要后置。
例如：
第一课：Lesson One       第三十二页：Page 32
第305房间：Room 305    第12路公共汽车：Bas No.12
五、序数词的用法
序数词和基数词一样，也能起名词或形容词作用，在句子中作主语、表语、宾语和定语。
例如：
The first is bigger than the second. 第一个比第二个大。Give me the first. 把第一个给我。
  主语                                                             宾语
Give me the first. 把第一个给我。She’s often the first to go to school. 她经常第一个去上学。
           宾语                              表语
We’re going to learn the eighth lesson. 我们将要学习第八课。
                       定语
六、年、月、日和时间的表达法
1．年份用基数词表达，分两位一读，年份前用介词in。
例如： 1999 nineteen ninety-nine        2000 two thousand        2001 two thousand and one
2．月份的第一个字母要大写，有些月份名称有缩写形式。
例如：
 一月January(Jan.), 二月February(Feb.), 三月March(Mar.), 四月（Apr.）,五月May, 六月June, 七月July, 八月August(Aug.)，九月September(Sep.), 十月October(Oct.), 十一月November(Nov.), 十二月December(Dec.)。
3．日期的表达要用序数词，读时前面要加定冠词the,介词要使用on。
例如： 在6月1日：on June 1 st 读作：on June the first.
年、月、日同时表达时，一般应先写月、日、后写年。 例如：在2001年5月4日：on May 4 th, 2001。
4．年代用基数词的复数表示。
例如： 20世纪90年代：nineteen nineties        21世纪20年代：twenty twenties
5．时间表达法：时间可用顺读法或倒读法两种方式表达。
例如： 顺读法 倒读法
 5：00 five (o’clock)                                  6：18 six eighteen eighteen past six
12：15 twelve fifteen fifteen (a quarter) past twelve         4：30 four thirty half past four
5：50 five fifty ten to six                             6：45 six forty-five a quarter to seven
注意：
1）表示整点时间，直接用基数词表达，后边可接o’clock (也可不加)。表达“几点几分”时，绝不能用o’clock。
2）表达“15分”或“45分”时，常用quarter（刻）。
3）在倒读法中，如果钟点不过半，须用“分钟数+past+钟点数”的形式；如果钟点过半，则用“差多少分钟数+to+全钟点（下个钟点数）”的形式。
例如：   8:20 twenty past eight           8:40 twenty to nine
6．分数的表达法
1）分子用基数词，分母用序数词。分子大于1时，分母用复数。
2）小数的读法：小数点前面的数按照基数词的读法，小数点后面的数按照数本身读，小数点读point。
 例如： 0.38 zero point three eight         96.89 ninety-six point eight nine
3)百分数，在数词后加percent。
例如： 15%读作：fifteen percent           60%读作：sixty percent
7．表示语数
1）…几倍大小（长短，数量）=…几倍（或分数）+the size(length, amount)。
例如： The earth is forty-nine times the size of the moon.   地球是月球的49倍。
2）…比…几倍=…倍数（或分数）+形容词（副词）比较级+than+被比部分。
例如： His house is three times bigger than mine.  他的房子比我的房子大三倍。
3）…是…倍=…倍数（或分数）+as +形容词+as +被比部分。
例如： This factory is four times as big as that one. 这个工厂是那个工厂的四倍。
8．表示约数
1）“多于”用more than或over。
例如： The street is over(more than) 500 metres long. 这条街有500多米长。
2）“小于”用less than。
例如： Three are less than 30 people in the classroom. 教室里不到三十人。
3）“或…以上”用or more。
例如： The building can hold 5000 people or more. 那座建筑物可容纳5000人或5000人以上。
4）“或…以下”用or less。
例如： We can finish the work in two weeks or less. 我们可以在两周内或不到两周完成这件工作。
5）“大约”用about, around, nearly等。
例如： The box weighs about 50 pounds. 这箱子重约50镑。
6）“左右”用or so.
例如： In the past ten years or so, they have changed a lot. 在过去的十年里，他们改变了许多。
           数词

I. 写出下列基数词相应的序数词：
1. one __________      2. two _________         3. three _________         4. five ________
5. eight __________     6. nine _________        7. twelve _________        8. twenty __________
9. thirty-one __________ 10. forty-four ___________ 11. fifty-seven ____________
II. 把下列短语译成英语：
1. 第12课 ________________________      2. 304号房间 _______________________
3. 半小时 ________________________       4. 每日三次 _______________________
5. 第25页 _______________________       6. 20世纪90年代 ___________________
7. 4路公共汽车 _____________________     8. 第15中学 _____________________
9. 21世纪 _________________________     10. 两吨半 ______________________
11. 差一刻三点 _____________________    12. 第二册 ________________________
13. 在他五十几岁时 ___________________  14. 二年级八班 ____________________
15. 10:45 _____________________________  16. 第十五单元 ____________________
17. 第三册第十三课 _______________________ 18. 三分之一 __________________
19. 三百英镑 _________________________   20. 1994年3月22日 __________________
III. 选择填空：
1. 333 reads ___________.
A. three hundred and thirty three B. three hundreds and thirty-three
C. three hundred and thirty-three D. three hundred thirty-three
2. The _______ month of the year is February.
A. one         B. first     C. two         D. second
3. The beautiful skirts are on show in the shop, Jane likes _______.
A. the ninth     B. the nineth C. nine        D. ninth
4. It took me _______ to finish my homework.
A. a half and two hour   B. two hour and a half  C. two and a half hour  D. two and a half hours
5. December is the _______ month of the year.
A. twelve        B. twelveth     C. twelvieth      D. twelfth
6. Tom bought ______ for himself yesterday.
A. two pairs of shoes     B. two pair of shoe   C. two pair of shoes    D. two pairs shoes
7. There are _______ seconds in a minute.
A. fourty       B. forty       C. sixteen     D. sixty
8. Lin Tao gets up at ______ in the morning.
A. half past six     B. six past half    C. past half six    D. half six past
9. December ______ is Christmas.
A. twenty-five    B. the twenty-fifth   C. the twentieth-five  D. twentieth-fifth
10. There are _____ stars in the universe.
A. millions     B. million of      C. millions of    D. million
11. Monday is the _______ day of the week.
A. two        B. second   C. three        D. third
12. Mr. Black left here _____ ago.
A. half a hour     B. half an hour    C. an half hour   D. a half hours
13. There are _____ students in their school.
A. nine hundred     B. nine hundreds    C. nine hundred of   D. nine hundreds of
14. There are _____ words in the text of the _____ lesson.
A. hundred of, Fifth    B. a hundred of, Fiveth   C. hundreds of, fifth    D. hundreds of, Fiveth
15. We had learned about _____ English words by the end of last term.
A. nine hundreds and forty-five      B. nine hundreds of and forty-five
 C. nine hundred and forty-five     D. nine hundred and fourty-five
IV. 中考题集：
1. About ______ people are in the People’s Park at weekends.     
A. two hundreds    B. two hundreds of     C. two hundred      D. hundred of
2. The water behind the Three Gorges Dam (三峡大坝) should be _____higher than downstream (下游).
A. sixty-five meter      B. sixty-fifth meter     C. sixty-five meters      D. sixty-fifth meters
3.In our school several ____ students are able to search the Internet for useful information now.
A. hundred of     B. hundreds for     C. hundred       D. hundreds
4. I was 8 years old when my father was 31. this year my father is twice my age. How old am I?
A. 21       B. 22       C. 23        D. 24
5. When was the PRC founded? It was founded on _______.
A. July 1, 1921   B. October 1, 1949  C. August 1, 1927   D. May 1, 1922
6. Look at the menu:
SNACKS
Hamburger $ 2.60 Orange juice $1.20     Hot dog $2.15 Coffee $1.00
Ice cream $2.00 Coke regular $0.75         Popcorn $1.00 large $1.00
Jeff wants to buy a hamburger, a large coke and ice cream.
How much will he pay?
A. Five dollars and sixty cents.    B. Five dollars and thirty-five cents.
C. Three dollars and sixty cents.   D. Two dollars.
7. --- How many workers are there in your factory? --- There are two _______.
A. hundreds        B. hundred       C. hundred of      D. hundreds of
8. The film star is going to spend ______ dollars on a new dress for the coming party.
A. three thousands     B. thousands of      C. thousand of      D. three thousands of
9. There are ______ doctors and nurses working hard in that hospital.
A. thousand        B. two thousand      C. two thousands      D. two thousands of
10. --- How many teachers are there in your school? --- ________, but I’m not sure.
A. Hundreds       B. Hundred        C. Hundreds of      D. One hundred
11. I think ______ lesson is the most difficult in this book.
A. five        B. fifth         C. the fifth         D. fifteen
12. _______ travelers come to visit our city every year.
A. Hundred of     B. Hundreds of      C. Five hundreds      D. Hundred
13. The Games of ______ Olympiad in 2008 will be held in the city of Beijing.
A. 29        B. the 29      C. 29th          D. the 29th
14 Fan Zhiyi’s transfer to Dundee Football Club at the end of last year aroused ______ Chinese people’s interest.     A. thousand of    B. thousand     C. thousands of     D. thousands
15 About ______ films were shown during the 5th Shanghai International Film Festival.
A. two hundred of     B. two hundreds of    C. two hundred      D. two hundreds
16 --- Do you have enough men to carry these chairs? --- No. I think we need ______ men.
A. another       B. two others      C. more two        D. two more
17 --- Can you write the number eight five thousand, six hundred and twenty-six?
--- Yes, it is _____________.
A. 85662       B. 85626     C. 58662        D. 58626
18. There’re ______ students in our grade.
A. hundreds of     B. three hundreds of     C. three hundreds     D. three hundreds’
19 ______ of the workers in this factory is about two hundred, _______ of them are women workers.
A. The number, first third     B. The number, one third
C. A number, half     D. A number, three quarters
20. _______ Germans come to visit China every year.
A. Thousands of     B. Thousands     C. Thousand of      D. Two thousands
数词参考答案
I. 1. first 2. second 3. third 4. fifth 5. eighth 6. ninth
7. twelfth 8. twentieth 9. thirty-first 10. forty-fourth 11. fifty-seventh
II. 1. Lesson 12 / the Twelfth Lesson 2. Room 304 3. half an hour
4. three times a day 5. page 25 6. 1990s / the nineties of the twentieth century
7. the No.4 bus 8. The No.15 Middle School 9. the 21st century
10. two and a half kilos / two kilos and a half 11. a quarter to three 12. Book Two
13. in his fifties 14. Class Eight, Grade Two 15. ten forty-five 16. Unit 15
17. Lesson 13, Book 3 18. a third / one third 19. three hundred dollars
20. March 22nd, 1994
III. 1—5 CDADD 6—10 ADABC 11—15 BBACC
IV. 1—5 CCCCB 6—10 ABBBD 11—15 CBDCC 16—20 DBABA

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