人教版高中英语必修三unit3知识点汇总及练习.doc

Unit 3 The Million Pound Bank Note

单元要点预览
词汇
部分
词语
辨析
1. scene / sight / view / scenery 2. permit / allow / let 3. scream / shout
词形
变化
1. believe vt.&vi.相信；认为
belief n. 相信，信念，信仰
believable adj.可相信的 unbelievable adj.难以置信的
2. survive vi.幸存，继续存在 vt.幸免于；挺过来
survival n.幸存，幸存者，残存物
survivor n.未死的人；残存者
3. permit v. 允许
n.许可证，执照
permission n.
允许，许可，准许

4. patience n.
忍耐，耐心
patient adj.
有耐心的
impatient adj.
不耐烦的
5. rude adj.粗鲁的，不礼貌的
rudely adv. 粗鲁地；粗略地
rudeness n.粗鲁，不礼貌
6. present adj. 出席的
presence n.出席，到场

7. adventure n.
奇遇；冒险
adventurous adj.
冒险的，惊险的
adventurer n.冒险者
重点
单词
1. bet n.&v. 赌；打赌；赌钱
2. fault n. 缺点；错误，过错；故障 vt.挑剔，指责
3. spot vt. 发现；认出 n. 污点；斑点；地点
4. passage n. 通道；（书、讲话、音乐等的）一段，一节；通过，消逝；旅费
5. account n. 说明；理由；计算，账目 vi.&vt.认为；说明；解释总；计有
6. seek vt.&vi. (sought, sought) 寻找；探索；寻求
7. amount n.数(量)；总额 vi.(to)合计；接近
8. bow [bau] vi.&vt. 鞠躬；弯腰 [bəu] n.[c] 弓，蝴蝶结；鞠躬
重点
词组
1. bring up 培养；抚养；养育或教育某人；提出；呕吐某物
2. go ahead 执行，进行，前进，（于祈使句）可以，往下说，用吧，开始吧
3. by accident 偶然；无意中
4. to be honest 老实说；说实话
5. on the contrary 与此相反；正相反[只作状语]
6. take a chance 冒险，碰运气
7. as for 至于，关于
重点句子
1. Towards nightfall I found myself carried out to sea by a strong wind.
2. The next morning I’ d just about given myself up for lost when I was spotted by a ship.
3. You must come whenever you want and have whatever you like.
重点语法
情态动词的两类重要用法：1．表示推测 2．征询意见（见语法部分）

语言要点
Ⅰ.词语辨析
1. scene / sight / view / scenery
【解释】
scene 指某一处的自然风光
scenery（总称）自然景物，天然风光，是由多个scenes构成的自然风景。
sight 景象，风景，名胜，侧重值得看的事物或很难看的东西和很可笑的事物；视力/眼界
view 景色，风景，侧重从人所处的角度（从远处或高处）以眼所看到的景色。
【练习】根据句子意思用scene，sight，view，scenery的适当形式填空。
1). Guilin is famous for its beautiful _______.
2). The _______ is a perfect dream when you see the sun rising slowly in the east.
3). You can get a wonderful _______at the top of the tower.
4). The flowers are a lovely _______ in spring.
5). He began to lose his _______six years ago.

2. permit / allow / let
【解释】
let允许，让，常用于口语中，一般不用于被动语态。后接不带to的不定式作宾补。
permit和allow意思相近，都表示“允许，准许”。permit稍正式一些，多指上级对下级或长辈对晚辈的准许,语气较强；allow多指听任或不管教某人做某事。
常用句型allow/permit sb. to do sth. be allowed/permitted to do sth. allow/permit doing sth.
【练习】根据句子意思用permit，allow或所给词的适当形式填空。
1). Students are not _________ to enter the Net Bar.
2). My mother wouldn’ t let me _______ (go) to the film.
3). We don’ t allow _______ (smoke) in our office.
4). Weather _______ (permit), we’ ll go outing this weekend.

3. scream / shout
【解释】
scream指因痛苦、恐惧、激动或生气而喊叫、尖叫，声音大而尖利，常与to连用
shout指因愤怒或为引起注意而发出的声音，大喊，大叫，大声说话，常常与at连用
【练习】根据句子意思用scream，shout的适当形式填空。
1). There was a huge bang and people started _______.
2). Two women were _______ at each other outside the supermarket.
3). I had to _______ to make myself heard.
4). The fans _______ with excitement when they saw him.

Ⅱ. 词性变化
1. believe vt.&vi.相信；认为
belief n. 相信，信念，信仰
believable adj.可相信的 unbelievable adj.难以置信的
2. survive vi.幸存，继续存在 vt.幸免于；挺过来
survival n.幸存，幸存者，残存物
survivor n.未死的人；残存者
3. permit v. 允许
n.许可证，执照
permission n. 允许，许
可，准许

4. patience n. 忍耐，耐心
patient adj. 有耐心的
impatient adj. 不耐烦的
5. rude adj.粗鲁的，不礼貌的
rudely adv. 粗鲁地；粗略地
rudeness n.粗鲁，不礼貌
6. present adj. 出席的
presence n.出席，到场

7. adventure n. 奇遇；冒险
adventurous adj.冒险
的，惊险的
adventurer n.冒险者
【练习】用括号内所提供词的适当形式填空。
1). The principal’ s ________ (present) at the party didn’ t seem to be very welcome.
2). Finally he lost his ________ (patient) and started to yell at his mother.
3). It would be _______ (believe) that such an honest fellow should have betrayed his friends.
4). My husband loves ________ (adventure) life while I enjoy a more peaceful life.
5). He was punished for his _______ (rude) to his teacher.
6). They entered the area without. ________ (permit).
7) You cannot enter a military base without a _______ (permit).
8). The prisoners _________ (permit) two hours’ exercise a day.
9). This grand park is a rare _________ (survive) from the eighteenth century.

Ⅲ.重点词汇
1. bet n. 赌；打赌 v. 打赌；赌钱
[典例]
1). He often bets a 1ot of money on horses. 他经常在赛马上豪赌。
2). I bet that it will rain tomorrow. 我敢肯定说明天一定会下雨。
[重点用法]
bet on为某事打赌 make a bet on 为某事打赌
win/lose a bet 打赌赢/输了
[练习] 按要求翻译。
1).We ______ ______ ______ ______ (打赌)the outcome of the next horse race.
2).他把所有的钱都用在赌马上。
_____________________________________________________________________
2. fault n. 缺点；错误，过错；故障 vt.挑剔，指责 faulty adj.有缺点的；不完善的 faultless adj.不可挑剔的
[典例]
1). I like him despite his faults. 虽然他有种种缺点, 但我仍然喜欢他。
2). No one could fault his performance. 他的演出无懈可击。
[重点用法]
find fault (with sb/sth) 找（某人/事物的）错/茬儿；埋怨（某人/事物）
It’ s one’ s fault 是某人的过错
[练习] 按要求翻译或填空。
1). It was _______ _______ (他的过错) that we were late.
2). I have no fault to find _______ (介词) your work.
3). 她总是找我的茬儿。
_____________________________________________________________________
3. spot vt. 发现；认出 n. 污点；斑点；地点 spotless adj. 没有斑点的，干净的
[典例]
1). She spotted her friend in the crowd. 她在人群中认出了她的朋友。
2). She was wearing a white skirt with red spots 她穿着一件白底红点儿的裙子。
3). This is the very spot where he was murdered. 他就是在这儿遭谋杀的。
[重点用法]
spot sb. doing sth. 看到某人正在做某事
on the spot = on the scene到（在）现场；当场
[练习] 用spot的短语或其适当形式填空。
1). The police ______ him driving a stolen car.
2). The police were ______ ______ _____within a few minutes of my telephone call.
3). He keeps his house _______.

4. passage n. 通道；（书、讲话、音乐等的）一段，一节；经过，通过，消逝；旅费
[典例]
1). They were denied passage through the occupied territory.
他们被禁止穿越占领区。
2). He worked his passage to Australia.
他在去澳大利亚旅行的船上做工偿付船费。
[重点用法]
with the passage of time 随着时间的推移
[练习] 按要求翻译或填空。
1). Her confidence grew. _______ _______ (随着时间的推移) that we were late.
2). Several passages _______ (介词) the book were printed in a national newspaper before it was published.
5. account n. 说明；理由；计算，账目 vi.&vt. 认为；说明；解释总；计有
[典例]
1). I’ m going to the bank to open a new account. 我去银行开个新账户。
2). Bad weather accounted for the long delay. 长期的延缓是因为坏天气。
[重点用法]
account for导致；做出解释；总计有 on account of = because of 因为
open an account在银行开个户头
keep an account of记录，记载
take sth. into account/consideration考虑到某事
[练习] 用account的短语填空。
1). The League members in our school ______ ______ half of the students.
2). He doesn’ t drink alcohol _______ _______ his health.
3). She couldn’ t _______ _______ her foolish mistake.

6. seek vt.&vi. (sought, sought) 寻找；探索；寻求
[典例]
1). You must seek permission from the manager. 你需请求经理批准。
2). The explanation is not far to seek. 这种解释不难理解。
3). They are seeking to mislead us. 他们竭力误导我们。
[重点用法]
seek (for/after) sth./sb. 寻找某人/某物 seek to do sth. 试图做某事
seek happiness/comfort/wealth/success追求幸福﹑安逸﹑财富、成功
[练习] 用所给词的适当形式填空。
1). I think it’ s time we ________ (seek) legal advice.
2). They are seeking ________ (change) the rules.

7. amount n.数(量)；总额 vi.(to)合计；接近
[典例]
1). Can you really afford this amount? 你真付得起这个总数吗?
2). The cost amounted to 250. 费用共达250英镑。
[重点用法]
a (large/small) amount of + n.[u] + v. (单数)
(large/small) amounts of + n.[u] + v. (复数)
in (large/small) amounts [作状语]大（少）量地
amount to... 共达……，合计……
[练习] 用amount的短语翻译或所给词的适当形式填空。
1). Duting the earthquake, a large amount of damage _______ (do) in a very short time.
2). Large amounts of money _______ (spend) rebuilding the temple.
3). At that time, mall amounts of land _______ (use) for keeping animals.
4). Food was provided _______ _______ _______ (供应多少不等).
5). The total cost of repairs _______ _______ (供应多少不等) US$100.

8. bow [bau] vi.&vt. 鞠躬；弯腰 [bəu] n.[c] 弓，蝴蝶结；鞠躬
[典例]
1). We all bowed to the Queen. 我们都向女王鞠躬致敬。
2). His back was bowed with age. 他因年老而驼背。
[重点用法]
bow to/before sb. 向某人鞠躬 bow to sth. 向……低头；接受某事
[练习] 用bow的短语或其适当形式填空。
1). The boss ______ ______ the demands of the workers.
2). The cast ______ as the audience applauded.

Ⅳ.重点词组
1. bring up 培养；抚养；养育或教育某人；提出；呕吐某物
[典例]
1). She brought up five children. 她养育了五个孩子。
2). Her parents died when she was a baby and she was brought up by her aunt.
她出生後不久父母双亡, 是由姑母抚养大的。
[重点用法]
bring sb. up to be/as 培养某人成为 bring sb. up to do sth. 培养某人要……
[练习] 用bring的短语填空。
1). He was ______ ______ ______ ______ authority (从小就受到尊敬师长的教育).
2). He ______ ______ a good suggestion at the meeting.
3). She was so sick that she ______ ______ all that she had had.

2. go ahead 执行，进行，前进，（于祈使句）可以，往下说，用吧，开始吧
[典例]
1). Despite the bad weather, the journey will go ahead.
尽管天气不好，旅行将照常进行。
2). The building of the new bridge will go ahead as planned.
新桥的修建将按计划进行。
[短语归纳]
(be) ahead of 在之前；领先于；胜过 ahead of time / in advance 提前
[练习] 用ahead短语填空。
1). After a pause, he ______ _______ with his speech.
2). The new bridge was completed _______ _______ _______.
3). _______ _______ _______ (径直向前走) for 200 meters and then turn left.
4). —— Could I use your bike?
—— _______ _______.

3. by accident = by chance 偶然；无意中
[典例]
1). Last time I ran across her in the street by accident. 上次我偶然在街上碰见她。
2). I only found it by accident. 我只是碰巧找到的。
[短语归纳] by + n. 短语：
by contrast 对比之下 by mistake 错误地 by hand 用手，用体力
by machine 用机器
[练习] 用by + n. 构成的词组填空。
1). I was in such a hurry that I took someone else’ s umbrella ________.
2). These toys are made ______ instead of ______, so they are very expensive.
3). She had found the file ______.

4. to be honest = to tell (you) the truth = honestly speaking老实说；说实话
[典例]
1). To be honest, I have no time to do it. 老实说，我没有时间做这件事情。
2). To be honest, I don't think we have a chance of winning.
说实话, 我认为我们没有获胜的可能.
[短语归纳] 英语中表示“……说”的短语：
generally speaking一般来说 exactly speaking确切地说
to be frank = frankly speaking坦率地说
in general一般地来说 in other words换句话说
or rather更确切地说
to sum up概括地说 that is 也就是说
[练习] 用表示“……说”的短语填空。
1). ________, women live longer than men.
2). He got home late last night, _______ early this morning.
3). ________, I don’ t enjoy the performance.

5. on the contrary 与此相反；正相反[只作状语]
[典例]
1). It doesn’ t seem ugly to me; on the contrary, I think it’ s rather beautiful.
我觉得它并不丑, 恰恰相反, 它挺美。
2). It wasn’ t a good thing; on the contrary, it was a huge mistake.
这并不是一件好事，相反，这是个巨大的错误。
[短语归纳] contrary短语：
to the contrary（表明是）相反的；相反地[作定语和状语]
(be) contrary to 违反（某事物）；与……相反
[练习] 用contrary短语填空。
1). The car isn’ t expensive. ______ ______ ______, it’s quite cheap.
2). I will come on Monday unless you write me ______ ______ ______.
3). I will continue to believe it until I get proof ______ ______ ______.
4). The results were ______ ______ expectation.

6. take a chance = take chances冒险，碰运气
[典例]
He took a big chance when he made the investment.
当时他投资时是冒了大风险的。
[短语归纳] chance短语：
have a good chance/no chance/not much chance of (doing) sth/ to do sth/ that....
大有希望/没有可能/没什麽希望做某事
by chance: by accident: accidentally: unintentionally 偶然地；意外地；非有意地
the chances are (that)...: it is likely that... 很可能……
give sb. a chance 给某人一个机会 a chance of lifetime千载难逢的机会
[练习] 用chance短语填空。
1). The guide book didn’ t mention there being any hotels, but we decided to ______ ______ ______.
2). You should never ______ ______ when driving a car.
3). What are the chances ______ (介词) his coming?
4). 很可能她要来。
_____________________________________________________________________5). 我遇见她完全是偶然的。
_____________________________________________________________________
7. as for 至于，关于
[典例]
As for you, you ought to be ashamed of yourself. 至於你, 你应该感到惭愧。
[短语归纳] contrary短语：
as to 至于，关于；提到；就……而论(至于，说到)
[练习] 翻译。
1). He was uncertain ______ ______ (至于) which road to take.
2). Would you be so kind _______ _______ (至于) help me to move the stone?
3). 关于我的过去,我什么都不会告诉你。
_____________________________________________________________________
Ⅴ.重点句子
1. Towards nightfall I found myself carried out to sea by a strong wind. 快到黄昏的时候，我发现自己被一阵大风刮到了大海上。
[解释] find +sb./sth. + 宾语补足语 = find + (that) + sb./sth. + 谓语动词
搭配 find +sb./sth. doing 发现……在做……(主动)
find sb./sth. done发现……被做……(被动)
find oneself in/at... 发觉自己在某处／处于……
例如：
1). I found that the boy was hiding behind the door. = I found the boy hiding behind the door.
2). When day broke, we found ourselves in a small village at the foot of the mountain.
[练习] 用所给词的适当形式填空或翻译。
1). I found the boy _______ (hide) behind the door.
2). When day broke, we _______ _______ _______ (发现我们到了一个村子里) a small village at the foot of the mountain.
3). The film star________ ________ ________ ________ (发觉自己被围住) a group of fans immediately he got off the car.
4). He found a wallet ________ (lie) on the ground.

2. The next morning I’ d just about given myself up for lost when I was spotted by a ship.
第二天早上，正当我感到绝望时一船发现了我。
[解释] 句中when为并列连词，译为“就在这时”，表示一种未预料到或突然发生的情况，常用于讲述过去发生的事情或故事。when常用于以下句型：
1). be about to do …when… 正要做某事就……
2). be on the point of doing…when… 正要做某事就……
3). be doing…when… 正在做某事就在这时……
4). had just done sth. when... 刚做完某事就……
5). had hardly done…when… 几乎还没有做完某事就……
例如：
1). He was about to go out when it bagan to rain. 他正要出去时天下起雨来了。
2). I’ d just finished my test paper when the bell rang. 我刚做完试卷下课铃就响了。
3). The boy was riding when he fell off his bike. 那个小孩正在骑车，就在这时，摔了下来。
[练习] 翻译句子。
1) 他正要出去时天下起雨来了。
_____________________________________________________________________
2) 我刚做完试卷下课铃就响了。
_____________________________________________________________________
3) 那个小孩正骑着车，就在这时，摔了下来。
_____________________________________________________________________

3. You must come whenever you want and have whatever you like.
您只要想来随时欢迎，您想吃什么尽管吃。
[解释] （1）疑问词+ ever可引导名词性从句，相当于anyone who, anything that, any time when等，用来加强语气
如：
1). Whoever says that is a liar. 说那话的人是个骗子。
2). I’ ll believe whatever you say. 我将相信你所说的一切。
3). You can choose whatever you like in the shop. = You can choose anything that you like in the shop.
（2）疑问词+ ever还可引导让步状语从句, 相当于no matter + 疑问词。如：
1). Whoever breaks the rule, he must be punished. = No matter who breaks the rule, he must be punished.
2). Whenever you have problems, you may turn to me for help. = No matter when you have problems, you may turn to me for help.
[练习] 翻译。
1). _______ _______ _______ (无论何时) you have problems, you may turn to me for help.
2). 我将相信你所说的一切。
_____________________________________________________________________
3). 无论你说什么，我都相信你。
_____________________________________________________________________

课文要点
Ⅰ.课文词汇填空
根据课文内容完成下面语法填空，注意单词拼写和词语用法：
The tale was set in London in 1903. Henry, 1 American, was rescued in the sea by accident. 2 (lose) in London and having no money on him, he 3 （游荡）in London streets, 4 (hunger). He was spot by two rich brothers and invited to step into a house. Henry was given an 5 （信封）with money in it and asked not to open it until two p. m. With the envelope in hand, Henry entered a 6 （餐馆）. He ordered some food. After 7 (eat) Henry opened the letter and found 8 was