V2500发动机试车手册.doc

中国南方航空股份有限公司
黑龙江分公司飞机维修厂

发
动
机
试
车
手
册

手册版本号：01

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有效页清单

章/节
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修订日期
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修订记录
2
2014-4-1
01

有效页清单
3
2014-4-1
01

目录
4
2014-4-1
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一
飞机地面试车安全规则
5-11
2014-4-1
01
二
发动机工作限制和指导性指标
12-17
2014-4-1
01
三
发动机应急处理程序
18-26
2014-4-1
01
四
发动机地面试车检查单(APU可用)
27-33
2014-4-1
01
五
正常发动机起动、停车程序
34-38
2014-4-1
01
六
使用外气源起动
39-40
2014-4-1
01
七
交输起动发动机
41-42
2014-4-1
01
八
测试项目
43-66
2014-4-1
01
九
附录
67-80
2014-4-1
01

编制人： 祝征辉 审核： 张维波 日期： 2014-4-1

目 录
目录 ………………………………………… 2
修订记录 …………………………………… 3
有效页清单 ………………………………… 4
一． 飞机地面试车安全规则………………… 5
二． 发动机工作限制和指导性指标 ………… 12
三． 发动机应急处理程序…………………… 18
四． 发动机地面试车检查单(APU可用)………… 27
五． 正常发动机起动、停车程序…………… 34
六． 使用外气源起动………………………………… 39
七． 交输起动发动机………………………………… 41
八． 测试项目………………………………… 43
1：干冷转渗漏检查 …………………… 43
2：湿冷转渗漏检查 …………………… 48
3：慢车渗漏检查 ……………………… 53
4：EEC系统慢车检查 ………………… 54
5：振动测量 …………………………… 55
6：发动机高功率验证测试 …………… 58
7：已测试发动机的换发试车…………… 61
九．附录…………………………………………… 67
1：发动机噪声水平 …………………… 67
2：发动机进口危险区域 ……………… 68
3：发动机排气危险区域 ……………… 69
4：风向和风速限制 …………………… 72
5：慢车以上主滑油压力限制 ………… 73
6：主滑油压差慢车修正公式 ………… 74
7：N2慢车转速………………………… 75
8：90%最大爬升EPR目标值…………… 77

一． 飞机地面试车安全规则
PRECAUTIONS FOR ENGINE RUN-UP TEST ON GROUND

(一). 试车人员
Personnel

1. 持有机身和动力装置《维修人员执照》、经过机型培训和试车训练并考试合格、获得试车证书的人员才可以试车。
Persons, who have the authority to run engines, should have airframe and power plant “Maintenance Person License”, have the training courses of aircraft model and ground engine run-up test, and passed the related exams, and have got the “License For Engine Run-Up Test On Ground”.

2. 试车前，试车人员应了解该飞机和发动机的技术状况，包括有无不允许试车的故障和缺陷等。
Before the test, persons to run engines should know the technical condition of the aircraft well, including faults and defects which affect engine operation.

3. 试车人员应熟知紧急措施并遵守安全规定，严格按《维护手册》规定的程序进行试车。
Persons to run engines should know emergency procedures well, obey safety precautions, and do the tests as per AMM procedures strictly.

4. 试车过程中，驾驶舱内至少应有两名试车人员。
During the test there must be two persons in cockpit at least.

5. 试车时，地面有关人员应佩戴护耳装置。
During the test, persons on ground must wear ear protection sets.

6. 试车时，地面应有专人警戒。警戒人员应具备该型发动机维护上岗资格，包括熟悉发动机火警、尾喷起火、喘振情况的特征及处置方法以及会使用地面灭火设备。
During the test, there must be special persons on guard on ground. Guarders should have the certificate of the engine maintenance of the aircraft, and know the condition of the fire on engine、tailpipe fire 、engine surge and know how to deal these conditions ,how to use the fire extinguishing equipments on ground.

(1).警戒人员应站在规定的位置,发动机危险区内不得有人。(参见附录：2、3)
Guarders must stay in assigned area, and there must be no person in hazardous area of engines. (Ref attachment 2,3)
(2) .发动机不安全区域：
慢车功率时，进气道前方5米，尾喷口后235米.
起飞功率时，进气道前方6米，尾喷口后235米.
Dangerous area of engine
Ground idle:5 meters of the air intake,235 meters of the jet wake
Take off power: 6 meters of the air intake, 235 meters of the jet wake
(3).试车人员和警戒人员之间必须用耳机随时保持联络。
Persons to do the test must keep contact with guarders via headsets.

(4).试车中发生飞机滑动、火警或其他不安全情况时，警戒人员应立即通知试车人员停止试车。
If there are unsafe conditions such as aircraft movement, fire and etc, guarders must inform persons in cockpit immediately to stop the test.

(二)．试车环境与条件
Environments and Conditions

1. 试车前，应根据风速、风向、试车场地等情况和试车要求，尽量将机头迎风停放，并注意：
Before test, try to put the aircraft nose windward according to wind velocity, wind direction, field condition and the requirements of engine run up test. And pay attention to the following items:

(1).试车要在指定的地点进行，地面应坚实清洁、无油污水分、无冰雪霜和其他杂物，飞机的四周应按规定留有足够的安全距离，不能紧靠停放的飞机和障碍物，包括机库和大型永久结构。飞机前方50米之内不允许有障碍物。
Engine run up test must be performed in the assigned area. Ground must be hard and clean, no oil, no water, no snow, no ice and other material on it. There must be enough safety space around the aircraft. The aircraft must keep clear to other parked aircrafts and obstacle, including garage and big permanent structures. There must be no obstacle in the area of 50 meters in front of the aircraft.

(2).试车场地附近应有符合发动机灭火要求、性能良好、随时可用的灭火设备。
There must be fire-extinguishing equipments available at anytime near the field. They must be suitable to the engine, and have good performance.

(3).试车发动机的后吹气流区域内有其它飞机经过时，警戒人员应立即通知试车人员减速至慢车。当飞机离开危险区后，警戒人员应及时发出解除信号。
When other aircraft pass the exhaust area of test engines, guarder must inform the test persons immediately to decrease the engine power to idle. After the aircraft leave the exhaust area, guarder should inform the test persons in time.

(4) 如有车辆和人员企图通过危险区域时，警戒人员应予以制止，待试车结束后方可准其通过。
If any vehicle and person want to pass the danger area, guarders must forbid them till the test finished.

(5).寒冷天气，试车前应除尽冰霜并采取防冰措施。
Under cold whether condition, de-ice action must be performed before the test, and anti-icing is necessary.

2. 试车人员应在得到机场管理部门和地面警戒人员的许可后，才能开始试车。
Engine can not be run-up until the allowance was received from the airport management department and persons on guard.

(三)．试车安全规则
Precautions

1. 与试车无关人员不准进入驾驶舱，试车人员不得离开驾驶舱。
Persons not concerned are forbidden to enter the flight compartment and test persons should not leave the flight compartment.

2. 只有在试车人员的指挥下，才允许维修人员接近发动机或进行只能在开车状态下才能进行的调节工作。
Only under the test person’s command, maintenance persons are allowed to go close to the engine or perform the adjustment that engine operation is necessary.

3. 在一台发动机开车时，另一台发动机上禁止进行维修和排故工作。
Maintenance and trouble shooting work on the engine is forbidden when another engine is running.

4. 禁止任何车辆及人员进入危险区域。
Any vehicle or people are forbidden to enter the danger zone.

5. 白天试车时，必须打开信号灯。
Beacon light is necessary when do engine run-up test in daytime.

6. 夜间试车时，必须打开航行灯，信号灯和机翼照明灯。
Navigation light, beacon light and wing light are necessary when do engine run-up test at night.

7. 不要用手来尝试使风扇停止转动，否则可能造成人员受伤和设备损坏。
Don’t try to stop the fan by hands, otherwise, people injuring and equipments damage will occur.

8. 当至少一台发动机工作在慢车以上功率时，登机门应关闭，登机梯应撤走。
Passenger doors should be closed and passenger load stairs should be moved away when at least one engine operate above idle power.

9. 在下列状况下，应将货舱门关闭，货物装载设备撤走：
Cargo doors should be closed and cargo load equipments should be moved away under the following conditions.

(1).2号发动机工作在慢车或慢车以上时。
Engine 2 operate at idle or above.

(2).至少一台发动机工作在慢车以上时。
At least one engine operates above idle.

10.在发动机工作时，不要触摸发动机点火系统。
Do not touch any parts of the engine ignition system while the engine operates.

11.在发动机刚停车后接近发动机部件工作时应小心，发动机部件会持续高温将近1小时。
Be careful when you work on the engine components immediately after the engine shutdown. The engine components can stay hot for up to one hour.

12.在发动机停车后，1.5小时（最好更长）内不要对热部件或排气区域进行检查。
After engine shutdown, do not work or make an inspection on the hot section or the exhaust areas for one-half hour (preferably longer).

13.当发动机运转，放气活门打开时 ，应远离放气活门。
Stay away from the bleed valve during the engine is operating and bleed valves are open.

14.发动机停车后5分钟内不要揭开滑油箱加油盖。
Do not remove the oil tank cap in a minimum of five minutes after engine shutdown.

15.在发动机工作时，不要对发动机喷射除冰液，除冰液将引起叶片的腐蚀和性能的下降。
Do not apply deicing fluid into the engine while the engine is operating. The deicing fluid will cause contamination of the airfoils and deterioration of performance will be the result.

16.一般不推荐使用干化学灭火剂灭火，干化学灭火剂可引起发动机部件腐蚀。
Dry chemical fire extinguishing agents are not recommended. It can cause corrosion of the engine parts.

17.连续使用X射线将引起EEC的损坏，在使用X射线前应拆下EEC。
The EEC can be damaged by continued use of X-rays. The EEC must be removed before use of X-rays.

18.油门杆应尽可能的缓慢而平滑移动。
When possible, all throttle control lever movements must be slow and smooth.

19.在发动机第一次起动后，如需突然加速，应在慢车工作至少5分钟。
Before a snap acceleration, operate the engine at idle for at least five minutes after the first engine start.

20.快速减速后，发动机停车前应在慢车工作至少5分钟。
After a fast deceleration, operate the engine at idle for at least five minutes before an engine shutdown.

21.如果发动机工作在高功率（大于1.33EPR）超过30秒（含正常加速时间），然后在慢车工作超过1分钟，则在突然加速前应让发动机在慢车工作至少10分钟。
If engine operated at high power (higher than 1.33 EPR) for more than 30 seconds (which includes the usual acceleration time), and then operated at idle for more than one minutes, engine must operate at idle for at least ten minutes before performing a snap acceleration.

22.发动机工作时，应保持飞机推力平衡。单发工作时允许最大推力为1.20EPR，如需试更高功率，则第二台发动机（非测试的发动机）推力必须达到1.08EPR。
Aircraft thrust must be balanced during engine operation. Single engine operation is allowed up to 1.20 EPR. If higher power is necessary, the thrust of second engine (non tested engine or opposite engine) must be equal to 1.08 EPR.

23. 试车前，移开前轮轮挡，检查前轮转弯旁通不在旁通位。前起落架和主起落架收放安全销在位。主轮前方挡好试车轮挡。且：
Before the engine run up, remove the nose wheels’ wheel chocks, make sure that the nose wheel steering lever is not on the ‘bypass’ position. Install the ground lock sleeves on both MLGs’ lock stay actuating cylinders, install NLG downlock safety pin on the NLG. Wheel chocks for engine run up must be set in front of the four main wheels, and:

(1).当发动机功率小于1.20EPR时，必须接通停留刹车。
When engine power is less than 1.20EPR, parking brake must be set.

(2).当发动机功率大于1.20EPR时，必须使用以下步骤：
When engine power is higher than 1.20EPR, do the following procedure:

a. 选择“A/SKID N/W STRG”电门到“ON”位。
Select “A/SKID N/W STRG” switch in “ON” position.

b. 全力踩下刹车并保持住。
(注意：确保断路器C09,Q35,Q34在闭合位)。
Fully depress brake pedals and hold.
(Note: Make sure C/B C09,Q35,Q34 are closed.)

c. 松掉停留刹车手柄。
Release parking brake handle.

d. 测试完毕后，两个油门杆移回慢车位后才恢复停留刹车构型，再松开刹车脚蹬。
After the test is terminated and the two throttle control levers are move back to idle position, return to parking brake configuration, then release brake pedals.

24. 当发动机工作在慢车功率以上时，为了确保发动机停车后，飞机客舱没有预增压或余压。必须 确保在发动机工作时空调放气活门处于打开状态。必须使用以下步骤：

BEFORE YOU OPERATE THE ENGINES AT POWER SETTINGS ABOVE IDLE, MAKE SURE THAT THERE IS NO RISK OF PRE-PRESSURIZATION OR RESIDUAL PRESSURE IN THE AIRCRAFT AFTER SUBSEQUENT ENGINE SHUTDOWN. TO DO THIS, MAKE SURE THAT THE AIR CONDITIONING OUTFLOW VALVES ARE OPEN DURING ALL THE TEST。DO THE FOLLOWING PROCEDURE.
（1）. 设定客舱压力模式到人工位。
SET THE CABIN PRESSURE MODE TO MANUAL.
（2）.设定客舱压力/人工/速率 控制电门到“UP”位。
SET THE CABIN PRESS/MAN/V/S CTL SWITCH TO "UP".
（3）.设定水上迫降电门到“ON”位。
THE DITCHING FUNCTION MUST NOT BE SET TO "ON".

25．发动机起动前，确保飞行控制舵面行程范围是没有障碍物，飞行控制舵面的移动是危险的或导致损坏。

MAKE SURE THAT THE TRAVEL RANGES OF THE FLIGHT CONTROL SURFACES ARE CLEAR BEFORE YOU MOTOR THE ENGINE. MOVEMENT OF THE FLIGHT CONTROL SURFACES CAN BE DANGEROUS AND/OR CAUSE DAMAGE。

26. 发动机起动前，确保没有地面液压源连接到飞机上。如果地面液压源连接到飞机上，就会有发动机液压泵损坏的危险。

MAKE SURE THAT THERE IS NO HYDRAULIC GROUND POWER SUPPLY CONNECTED TO THE AIRCRAFT WHEN YOU DO THIS PROCEDURE. IF A GROUND POWER SUPPLY IS CONNECTED, THERE IS A RISK OF DAMAGE TO THE ENGINE PUMPS。

27．在下列情况下，不准起动发动机：
In the following conditions, engine operation is not allowed:

(1).用易燃液体清洗发动机，在易燃液体没有完全蒸发之前。
Engine is washed with inflammable liquid, and before the inflammable liquid is vaporized fully.

(2).发动机没有足够的燃油、滑油和开车必须的其它液体。起动、冷转、慢车项目要求FOB大于3000公斤，高功率、振动测试、风扇配平以及换发后的检查等测试项目建议FOB大于8000公斤
There is not enough fuel, oil, and other liquid for engine operation. For Engine start, engine motor, ground idle, the FOB should be more than 3000kg; for fan trim balancing, vibration survey, high power assurance test, pretested replacement engine test, the FOB should be more than 8000kg.

(3).旅客登机和装卸货物时。
When passengers are boarding and loading and unloading cargo.

(4).维修情况不明，发动机和飞机维修工作没有完成，发动机有影响工作的故障时。
Maintenance condition is not clear, or maintenance work on aircraft and engine are not finished, or there are faults that affected engine operation.

(5).在对发动机进行维护工作后，发现有工具或零部件丢失。
Tools or parts are missing after the maintenance work on engine.

二． 发动机工作限制和指导性指标
ENGINE OPERATION LIMITS AND GUIDELINES

(一)．发动机工作限制
Engine Operation Limits

1. 排气温度（EGT）限制：
Exhaust Gas Temperature (EGT) Limits:

(1).起动，可持续2分钟：635℃。
Starting, for up to 2 minutes: 635℃.

(2).瞬态：635℃。
Transient: 635℃.

(3).起飞，可持续5分钟：635℃。(V2522, V2524, V2527E,V2527)
Take-off, for up to 5 minutes: 635℃. (V2522, V2524, V2527E,V2527).
起飞，可持续5分钟：650℃。(V2530,V2533)
Take-off, for up to 5 minutes: 650℃. (V2530,V2533).

(4).最大持续：610℃。
Maximum continuous: 610℃.
(5).EGT超限后的检查参考（71-00-00-710-014、71-00-00-710-020、71-00-00-710-024）。

2. 滑油压力限制：
Oil Pressure Limits:
滑油压力小于60PIS时触发警告，滑油压力低参考（79-33-00-810-830、79-33-00-810-831）
(1).稳定工作时，主滑油压差必须在给定范围内（参见附录5），用主滑油压差慢车修正公式（参见附录6）。
The main oil differential pressure must be in the limits given during stable operation (Ref. Attachment 5). Use the DMOP idle correction equation (Ref. Attachment 6).

(2).在冷天工作时，在滑油温度达到32℃以前，滑油回油滤上的压差电门会工作。
During operation in cold weather, the scavenge oil filter differential pressure switch on the filter housing, can operate until the main oil temperature gets to approximately 32℃.

(3).在高功率状态而4号轴承腔回油活门又处于关闭位时，4号轴承腔回油压力范围为0-205 psig。稳定状态3分钟后，正常压力为0-145 psig。
The No.4 compartment scavenge oil pressure range is 0 to 205 psig at the highest power setting when the No. 4 scavenge valve is closed. The normal operating pressure is 0 to 145 psig after three minutes of stabilization.

(4).在滑油系统指示没有故障的情况下，两台发动机的滑油压力指示可以相差多达80 psig。
The indicated oil pressure can be different between engines by as much as 80 psig without this being an indication of an oil system malfunction.

(5) .当EIU1(2) 没有通电时（例如当FADEC1 的A和B通道
电门在关断位，EIU1不 再通电，当FADEC 2 的A通道
电门在关断位，EIU2不再通电），SDAC输 入信号（相
应的从压力传感器接收来的电压信号转换产生）用于显示
在发动机状 态页面上的ENG1(2)的滑油压力。在某种情况
下，当实际滑油压力为0时，滑油压力显示值是2 psi
(0.14 bar),这是因为SDAC获取的数值的精确性的缺失，
SDAC获取数值的级别接近0 psi(0 bar).这是正常现象。
当FADEC和EIU正常供电后，这种情况不再出现。
When EIU1(2) is not energized (for instance when channels A and B of FADEC
1 are switched off, EIU1 is no longer energized; when FADEC 2 channel A is
turned off, EIU2 is no longer energized), the SDAC input (that corresponds to a
conversion of a voltage coming from the pressure sensor) is used to display
the ENG1(2) oil pressure on the engine status page.
In some cases, the oil pressure displayed value can be 2 psi (0.14 bar), while
the actual oil pressure is 0, due to the lack of precision of the SDAC acquisition
stage near 0 psi (0 bar).
This is a normal pheno