仁爱英语八年级上重点短语及句型.docx

Unit 1 Play Sports
【考点解析】
Topic 1 Are you going to play basketball?
Section A
1．We are going to have a basketball game against Class Three．
against表示“对着：反对；靠着”
2．cheer sb．on为……加油，鼓劲
3．win和beat都可表示“赢”，但用法不同。
(1) win(won，won)一般后接比赛，奖品或奖项作宾语，也可作不及物动词，表示“赢”的结果。
(2) beat(beat，beaten)击败、战胜，一般接对手作宾语，还可译为“心脏跳动”或“击打”。
a game a team
win+事物 a war beat+对手 a nation
a prize an apponent(对手)
4．prefer宁愿，更喜欢
(1)prefer doing sth．to doing sth．跟做某事比较起来更喜欢做某事prefer sb．／sth．to sb.／sth．跟某人／某物比较起来更喜欢人／某物
(2)prefer to do sth．(rather)than do sth．跟做某事比较起来更喜欢做某事
(3)prefer to do sth．更喜欢做某事
5．join／take part in
(1)join参加某个政党，团体，组织等，成为其中的一员
(2)join sb．(in doing sth．)和某人一起(做某事)
(3)join in=take part，in参加某项活动
Section B
1．play for a team为某队效力be in／on the team在某队打球
2．dream作名词，“梦，梦想”。e．g．my dream job也可作动词dream of／about sth.／doing sth．
3．“one of the+形容词最高级+名词的复数”意思是“最……之一”。
4．break the record打破记录
5．in the 2008 Beijing Olympics在2008年北京奥运会中。“在……比赛中”用in
e．g．in the race／in the basketball game
6．give up放弃。注意应该把介词放在中间。e．g．give it up，give up doing sth．放弃做某事。
7．What a Shame=What a pity真遗憾!
Section C
1．spend／cost／pay／take
(1)spend作“花费”之意时，指花费时间／精力／财力在某事或某物上，主语是人。
(2)cost主要指花费金钱／时间／劳力／精力等。主语是某物或某事。其结构是sth．costs sb…．
(3)pay sb，酬谢某人，pay…for…可等同于spend…on…，或用cost作同义句转换。
(4)take一般指花费时间，其主语是名词或动名词，经常用it作形式主语。
2．do exercise=play sports做运动，锻炼
3．There be句型的将来时结构为There is／are going to be或There will be。注意在There be句型中不能出现表示“有”的have和has。
4．the high jump跳高 the long jump跳远
5．Sure (1)be sure that+从句e．g．I am sure that he is right．
(2)sb．be sure to do sth．某人一定会做某事。强调说话人的语气。
(3)be sure of／about sth．／doing sth．“确信”，表示主语对……有把握。
(4)用在祈使句里Be sure(not)to do sth．一定(不)做某事 e．g．Be sure to come here early．
6．make的用法。(1)make sb．do sth．使某人做某事。被动语态中要还原to。
(2)“make sb．／sth．+形容词”使某人或某物处于某种状态。
(3)make sth．for sb．—make sb．sth．为某人制作……
7．be good for“对……有益”，反义词组是be bad for“对……有害”。
8．keep healthy=keep fit保持健康
Section D
1．play against跟……进行比赛
play with／play against／play for play with玩耍，游戏，玩乐，与……玩耍。
play against同……比赛。 play for为……效力。
2．leave…for…离开某地去某地leave for=set off for出发去某地．
3．一般将来时
(1)含义：表示将来某个时间要发生的动作或是存在的状态，也表示将来经常或反复发生的动作，常与表示将来的时间状语连用，如：tomorrow，soon，later on，next time(week，month，year，Sunday…)等。
(2)结构为be going to do sth．或will do sth．。There be句型的将来时结构为There is／are going to be或There will be。注意在There be句型中不能出现表示“有”的have／has。
(3)表示位置移动的动词go, come，leave，fly，start等可以用现在进行时表示将要发生的事。其中go和come一定要用现在进行时表示将来。
【例19】(10年河北中考)This term________ over．The summer vacation is coming in two weeks．
A．is B．was C．has been D．will be
【例20】(10年重庆中考)If you___________ to the 2010 Shanghai Expo next week，I will go with you．
A．go B．has gone C．will go D．are going
【考点解析】
Topic 2 Would you mind passing me some water?
Section A
1．would／could／will you(please)do sth．“请你做……好吗?”表示委婉请求对方做某事，否定结构是would／could／will you(please)not do sth．。e．g．Would you please not play the piano loudly?
2．fall ill“生病”，be ill“生病的”，强调一种状态。feel ill“感觉不舒服”，强调一种身体感受。fall down摔倒，跌倒。
3．mind的用法
(1)作动词，表示“介意”，常用于疑问句或否定句中。其结构是mind sb．／sth．／doing sth．
对would you mind sb．／sb．'s doing sth．及“would you mind if+从句”的回答，如果是表达“会介意”，可用Yes，you'd better not．／I am sorry but I do．如果表达“不会介意”，可用No，not at all．／Never mind．／It doesn't matter．／No，of course not．
(2)用于提出建议。Would you mind doing sth．／would you mind not doing sth? 对Would you mind doing sth．的回答可以用Of course not，I will do it right away．／Sorry．I will do it right away．对would you mind not doing sth．的回答可以用Sorry，I won't do it again．／I'm sorry about that．
(4)作名词，“思想”。set one's mind to do sth．／on sth．专注于做某事
4．be glad／happy to do sth．乐意做某事
5．practice sth．／doing sth．练习做某事
Section B
1．be always doing sth．老是……，含有抱怨的感情色彩。
2．careless形容词，反义词是careful。carelessly副词，反义词是carefully．
3．chance机会have a chance to do sth．有机会做某事get a chance to do sth．得到一个机会做某事
4．What do you mean by sth．／doing sth．?=What's the meaning of sth．／doing sth．?
5．shout at sb．朝某人喊叫，含有生气或气愤的感情。shout to sb．朝某人喊叫，只是为了使对方听到，没有感情色彩。
6．fight with sb．=have a fight with sb．与某人打架
7．be angry with sb．意为“生某人的气”，如：
【链接】(1) be angry at 对某人的言行感到气愤，(2) be angry about sth. 对某事感到生气，如：
8．do one's best to do sth．=try to do sth．尽力做某事
9．say sorry／hello／goodbye to sb．向某人道歉／问候，／道
10．be／feel sorry for／to do为……而抱歉(难过)
11．keep的用法(1) keep sb．doing sth．使某人一直做某事
(2)“keep sb．／sth．+宾补+adj．”使某人／某物处于某种状态
(3)“keep sb．／sth．+宾补+adv．”使某人／某物处于某种状态 (4)keep doing sth．继续不断做某事e． (5)“keep+表语”，表示保持／继续(处于某种状态) e．g．keep fit／healthy
(6)赡养e．g．My father keeps a big family．
(7)保存，保留e．g．How long can I keep the book?
12．turn down调低音量turn up调高音量turn on打开turn off关上注意代词都要放在中间。
【分析比较】turn on“打开(水龙头、电视、收音机、灯、煤气等)” turn off“关掉(水龙头、电视、收音机、灯、煤气等)”。 turn up“开大，调高”。 turn down“减少，关小”
13．in a minute／right away／at once立刻，马上
14．对sorry的回答可以是That's OK(all right)．／It doesn't matter．／Never mind．／Not at all
Section C
1．love doing／to do sth．喜欢做某事
2．exciting／excited exciting指使人感到兴奋的事 excited是指人对……感到兴奋
3．as well／too／also／either／so／neither
(1)too／as well表示“也”，一般放在句末，且前用逗号隔开，常用于肯定句。e．g．Tom is a student；Jack is a student，too／as well．
(2)also表示“也”，用于肯定句中，放在be动词、助动词、情态动词后实意动词前。
(3)在否定句中，都要改为either。 (4)so表示“也”时，用在倒装句中，表示肯定，其结构是“so+ be动词／助动词／情态动词+主语”。e．g．Kate went shopping yesterday；Tom went shopping，too／as well(so did Tom)．
(5)neither表示“也”时，用在倒装句中，表示否定，其结构是“neither+ be动词／助动词／情态动词+主语”。e．g。Kate didn't go shopping yesterday；Tom didn't go shopping，either(Neither did Tom)．
4．so that引导目的状语从句，含义是“以便，目的是，为了”。从句的谓语动词要用may，can，should，could等情态动词，表示目的状语，相当于in order that，可以改成in order to do句型。e．g．Let's take the front seats so that／in order that we may see more clearly．=Let's take the front seats in order to see more clearly．
6．other／others／another／the other／the others
other作形容词，指“其他的，别的”。e．g．other students
others(1)别人e．g．You must be polite to others．(2)“其他的人或物”，指在一个范围之内，除去一部分后剩余的部分，而不是全部，一般出现短语some…others中。．There are many students in the classroom，some are reading，some are writing，others are talking．
another(1)(三者或三者以上)“又一个，再一个”。不确定数量中的另外一个。Jack has bought another pen．(2)别的，不同的。I don't like this shirt．Please show me another one．(3)another+数词+名词一数词+more+名词。“再多一些”，在原来的基础上再加一些。
one…the other两者之间一个……另一个……
Section D
1．连接时间的介词用法(1)ago“多久之前”，用过去式。结构是“段时间+ago” e．g．two days ago(2)“before+点时间”，表示“在几点前”，可用过去时、将来时或一般现在时。e．g．They will be here before 7：00。(3)“in+段时间”，指“多久之后”，用将来时。e．g．We will get to Beijing in three days．(4)“after+点时问”，在几点之后，可用过去时，将来时或一般现在时。e．g．We often play football after 5：00 in the afternoon．“after+段时间”，表示“多久之后”，只能用于过去式。e．g．He came back after four days．
2．instead副词，“代替。而。相反”，单独使用时放句末。instead of sth．／doing sth. 取代／而不是……
3．build sb．up使某人更强壮 4．have fun doing sth．做某事很愉快
(1) have fun= enjoy oneself= have a good time 玩得开心，过得快乐
(2) have fun with ab. 与某人共度快乐时光
(3) Have fun／Enjoy yourself／Have a good time等可以作为对别人出行前得祝福。
Topic 3 Which sport will you take part in?
Section A
1．the sports meet／meeting运动会the boys' 800一meter race男子800米赛跑the long jump跳远the high jump跳高the relay race接力赛跑
2．It's the／one's first／second／…time to do sth．
3．make friends with sb．与某人交朋友。注意friends要用复数形式。
4．be ready for sth．为某事而准备。 5．maybe／may be maybe=perhaps副词，“也许，大概”。e．g．Maybe he is at the bus station now．may be是情态动词may后接动词原形be，
Section B
l. 打电话问对方是某人时，可以问Is that…(speaking)?回答可以是Yes，who's that?／Speaking．
问对方是谁时用Who is that?告诉对方自己是谁时，应该说This is…(speaking)。找人接电话时，应该说Hello，may I speak to sb．?回答时如果是本人接的电话，可以直接说speaking。
2．Let's make it half past six．让我们定在六点半吧。
make it(1)指约定时间e．g．Let's make it at 6：30．(2)办成，做到(打算或希望做的事)
3．pass动词，“传递”。pass sb．sth．=pass sth．to sb．把某物传给某人。e．g．Would you please pass me the book?“经过”。e．g．She was the first one to pass the finishing line．pass by…“经过(某地)”。past可作副词或介词，“在……旁经过”。e．g．He hurried past me without stopping to talk with me．
【例6】(09年新疆中考)—Did you see the accident yesterday?
—Yes．It happened when I the museum．
A．walked pass B．was walking past C．walk past D．was walking pass
【例7】We need _______ ________ ________ (再加两个人)to do the work．
4．congratulations．祝贺你。当别人取得成绩、荣誉时，我们可以对他说：Congratulations!
【例8】(10年广东中考)—Yesterday 1 won the first place in the 100-meter race．
—Really? ________ !
A．Congratulations B．Never mind C．That's all right D．I'm sorry to hear that
5．take photos／pictures照相 e．g．Look，lots of students are taking photos of the beautiful flowers．
【例9】(10年兰州中考) —what are on show in the museum?
—Some photos________ by the children of Yushu，Qinghai．
A．have been taken B．were taken C．are taken D．taken
Section C
1．hold／have a sports meet举行运动会
2．be good at sth／doing sth．=do well in sth／doing sth．擅长(做)某事
do badly in sth．／doing sth．在某方面做得糟糕
【例10】His father is good at making model planes．(同义句改写)
His father______ ______ _______ _________model planes．
3．encourage sb．to do sth．鼓励某人做某事。
【例11】 My father often encourages me________(study)hard．
4．take exercise=do sports做运动。其中exercise是不可数名词，意思是“运动，锻炼”。它也可以做可数名词，意思是“练习，体操”。e．g．do morning exercises做早操
【例12】(10年陕西中考) —what do you think of the ________ ?
—I think they are good for our eyes．We should do them often．
A．eyes exercise B．eye exercise C．eye exercises
5．be able to和can
(1) 表示现在或过去的能力时两者相同。
e.g. I could ride a bike at the age of 8. =I was able to ride a bike at the age of 8. 我八岁时就会骑自行车了。
(2) be able to有人称时态及数的变化，而can只有过去式could.
e.g. We will be able to make it in 2010. 到2010年我们就可以做到了。
(3)表示请求、允许及否定判断时，只能用can。
e.g. The boy can’t be Mike，he left for Paris yesterday. 那个男孩不可能是Mike.，他昨天去巴黎了。
【例13】Jack's father______ _________ _______(能)swim when he was five years old．
【例】—Could I use your dictionary?
—Yes，you__________.
A．can B．could C．need D．should
6．do sth．for the first／second／…time．第一／二／……次做某事e．g．We took part in the school sports meet for the second time last year．
【例14】 China took part in the Olympics the first time in 1951．
A．at B．for C．to D．on
7．more“更多……”，后可接可数或不可数名词。反义词是less，“更少”，接不可数名词。fewer“更少”，接可数名词复数。
【例15】(10年黄冈中考) —What's the low-carbon lifestyle like?
—Save_______ energy，produce_______ carbon．
A．more；more B．less；more C．less；less D．more；less
Section D
1．stand for代表 e．g．Red stands for good luck in China．
【例16】(08年龙岩中考)The Tang costume________ _______(代表)Chinese history and fashion culture．
2．at least=as little as至少，反义词是at most=as much as至多。
【例17】 This pair of shoes costs________ ________(至少)200 yuan．
【例18】(10年成都中考)The food I cook isn't delicious，but _______I can look after myself．
A．at first B．at last C．at least
【习题精练】
I．词汇
A．根据汉语或首字母提示填写单词。
1．The r_______ for joining the English club is to be able to practice more English．
2．The modern________(奥运会)started in Athens．
3．There are many________(旅游者)visiting Beijing every year．
4．We should improve our ________(环境)and keep it clean．
5．Five rings are a s_______ of the Olympic Games．
B．根据汉语提示及句子意思补全句子。
1．I was the winner in the______ _______(跳高)in the school sports meeting．
2．Jack______ ______ (可能)ill now．I saw him in the hospital just now．
3．—Would you mind cleaning the floor?
—I am sorry，I will do it_____ _____ (立刻)．
4．You know his words______ ______(代表)our idea．
5．We can_______ more(和……交朋友)_________ with foreigners．
Ⅱ．单项选择
1．(10年杭州中考) —Would you like to have _______ chicken?
—No，thanks．It's delicious，but I've had enough．
A．some other B．some more C．another some
2．(10年长沙中考)I am sure you will________ your classmates if you are kind and friendly to them．
A．catch up with B．agree with C．get on badly with D．make friends with
3．(10年安徽中考) —It seems that Alice never wants to do anything except draw pictures．
—Right．That's what she likes to do ________ ．
A．more B．lest C．most D．least
4．(10年十堰中考) —Where is Jeff?
—I'm not sure．He ______playing football on the playground．
A．maybe B．may be C．can be D．must be
5．(10年安徽中考)Bob promises to________ the football match unless he has to help his parents on the farm．
A．join B．join in C．take part to
6．(10年山西中考)—English is difficult for me．How can I improve it?
—Don't lose your confidence．I believe you will______ it if you keep trying．
A．take B．work C．pick D．make
7．(09年山西中考) —Is it polite to speak and laugh loudly _____ ?
—No，I don't think so．
A. in public B．at least C．on time
8．(09年新疆中考) —Did you watch the basketball match yesterday?
—Yes，We were all______ about the________ match．
A．exciting；excited B．exciting；exciting C．excited；excited D．excited；exciting
9．(09年广州中考)Have you _________ your new classmates yet?
A．had friends with B．made friend with C．got friend to D．made friends with
10．(09年宁德中考)I called you yesterday，but nobody________ the phone．
A．checked B．repaired C．answered
11．(09年天门中考)—why do you like that scarf so much?
—Because I think it can__________ me good luck．
A．fetch B．bring C．pass D．take
12．(09年潍坊中考)Liu Qian，as a little boy，was so_________ his own magic world that he seldom went out to play with other children．
A．good at B．mad about C．popular with D．afraid of
13．(09年福州中考)—We will build a subway in Fuzhou before 2014．
—Wow，________ !Will it pass our place?
A．what an excited news B．how excited the news is
C．what exciting news D．how exciting news
14．(08年南通中考) —Hello! May I speak to Mr．Smith?
—__________，please．He is answering another call right now．
A．Go on B．Come on C．Keep on D．Hold on
15．(07年厦门中考)Doctors often suggest，“________vegetables and meat can help you keep fit”．
A．More；less B．Few；much C．Fewer；more
Ⅲ．(10年东营中考)阅读表达(共5小题，计10分)
阅读短文，根据要求完成下面各小题。
If the only sports you do are dancing your fingers across your keyboard，you could be in serious danger of more than just becoming fat!
Do you feel sleepy，like something is weighing down on your head? Do you feel forgetful? Do you sometimes feel uncomfortable up and down your neck and lower back，and you can't explain why? Do you get sick often? It could be radiation(辐射)from your computer causing it．If you spend three hours or more a day in front of a computer，(and at this point，who doesn't?) you are more easily harmed by these hazards(危害)．
We have got so used to using computers that we don't often think of them as dangerous sources(来源)of harmful(有害的)radiation．A safe amount radiation is 25 V／m(Volts／meter)．Do you want to guess how much our personal computers give off?
★Keyboard：1000 V／m ★Mouse：450 V／m ★Mon