初中英语状语从句归纳(附练习及答案).doc

　　状语从句指句子用作状语时，起副词作用的句子。它可以修饰谓语、非谓语动词、定语、状语或整个句子。根据其作用可分为时间、地点、原因、条件、目的、结果、让步、方式和比较等从句。状语从句一般由连词(从属连词)引导，也可以由词组引起。从句位于句首或句中时通常用逗号与主句隔开，位于句尾时可以不用逗号隔开。
　　一、时间状语从句
　　要点: 时间状语从句，由以下连词引导：
　　when while as after before as soon as since till /until by the time 在时间状语从句中，要注意时态一致。一般情况下主句是将来时的时候，从句要用一般现在时。
　　1.when当。。。的时候
　　mozart started writing music when he was four years old.
　　(当)莫扎特的时候，开始写音乐作品。
　　2.while当。。。时
　　he visited a lot of places while he was traveling.
　　他在旅途中参观了许多地方。
　　3.as在。。。的同时；一边。。。一边。。。
　　he smiled as he stood up.
　　他一边站起来一边笑着。
　　4.after在。。。之后
　　he left the classroom after he had finished his homework the other day.
　　前几天做完作业之后回的家。
　　5.before 在。。。之前
　　mr. brown had worked in a bank for a year before he came here.
　　布朗先生来这之前已经在一家银行里工作一年了。
　　6.as soon as 一。。。就。。。
　　we began to work as soon as we got there.
　　我们一到那就开始工作。
　　i will write to you as soon as i get home.
　　我一到家就给你写信。
　　7.since 自。。。以来 到现在
　　表示自过去的一个起点时间到目前(说话时间)为止的一段持续时间。主句一般用现在完成时，从句用一般过去时。
　　mr green has taught in that school since he came to china three years ago.
　　自格林先生来中国以来，他就在这所学校教书。
　　(还可以用作介词，本句从句还可以用短语：since three years ago(自三年前以来)表示。)
　　8 till /until
　　都可以作连词，连接时间状语，也可以作介词，与其它词构成介词短语，在句中作状语。
　　they walked till /until it was dark.
　　他们一直走到天黑。
　　xiao ming didn’t leave home till / until his father came back.
　　小明直到他爸爸回来才离开家。
　　9. by the time 到。。。为止 (所在句子的主句应用完成时)
　　by the time he gets there , his father has already gone.
　　他到家的时候，他爸爸已经走了。
　　by the time i got to school, the class had already began.
　　我到校时，已经开始上课了。
　　难点——as when while的辨析
　　as when while都表示主、从句动作同时发生，三者差异如下：
　　表示“一边。。。一边＂的意思
　　as 强调两个动作同时进行，并表示对比时
　　用于发生时间较段时
　　when 1、还可以表示从句动词的动作在主几句动词的动作＂之前 ＂或＂之后＂发生。
　　2、when＝and then; at that moment (正在那个时候)
　　while 1、用于时间较长时
　　2、 强调两个动作同时进行，并表示对比时
　　有时这三个连词可以互换，有时不可以。
　　lit was raining hard when (as) i got there.
　　我到那里时，正在下大雨。 ( 动作同时发生，when可换为as, 但不能换为while，因为get是点动词.)
　　lwhen i had read the article, he called me.
　　我看完这篇文章之后，她给我打了电话。( 从句动作发生在主句之前，注意时态表达，只能用when )
　　lwhen i got to the cinema, the film had begun.
　　(当)我到了电影院时，电影已经开演了。(从句的动作发生在主句之后，只能用when,并要注意时态)
　　lhe was about to leave, when the telephone rang.
　　他正要离开，忽然电话响了。( 此时不能放在句首。主句动词一般表达 “正在” “即将”.
　　while, as不能代替 ) 考点
　　lshe thought i was talking about her daughter, while, in fact, i was talking about my daughter.
　　他以为我在谈她女儿，然而，实际上在谈论我女儿。(表转折，对比，when, as都不能代替它) 考点
　　lwhile the alien was buying a souvenir, the girl called the police.

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窗体底端
外星人买纪念品时，那女孩给警察打了电话。(表示主句，从句的动作同时发生，while后引导的状语从句的动词必须是延续动词不能是点动词，因为它表示较长时间)考点
　　lmother was worried because little alice was ill, especially as (when/ while) father was away.
　　妈妈担心，因为小爱丽丝病了，特别是他父亲不在家的时候。(此时as ,when, while可通用)
　　知识扩展
　　1. it is since从。。。以来多长时间了(因为since +从句或名词，表示一段时间)
　　it is five years since we met last time.从我们上次见面已经五年了。
　　2. it is +before…(。。。才)
　　it was a long time before i went to sleep again.
　　过了很长时间我才睡着。
　　it was an hour before(＝until) the police arrived.
　　过了一个小时，警察才来。　二、条件状语从句
　　要点： 表示状语从句由连词if, unless (=if not) 引导。
　　1.if it doesn’t rain tomorrow, we will go hiking.
　　如果明天不下雨, 我们就去远足.
　　2.you will get good grades if you study hard.
　　如果你努力学习,就会取得好成绩.
　　3.i will go to the party unless he goes there too.
　　我不会去参加聚会的, 除非他也去.(如果他不去,我也不去.)
　　4.you will be late unless you leave immediately.
　　如果你不马上走,你将会迟到的.(=if you don’t leave immediately, you will be late.)
　　难点提示：用条件状语从句时要注意时态的正确使用,当主句是将来时的时候,从句要用一般现在时.
　　lhe will not leave if it isn’t fine tomorrow.
　　一般将来时， 一般现在时
　　lthey are going to have a picnic if it doesn’t rain next week.
　　一般将来时, 一般现在时 考点　三、原因状语从句
　　要点: 由连词because, since, as引导, 也可由for, now that 等词引导
　　1.i didn’t go to school yesterday because i was ill.
　　我昨天没去上学，因为我生病了。
　　2. since everybody is here, let’s begin our meeting.
　　既然大家都来了, 让我们开始开会吧.
　　3. as you are in poor health, you should not stay up late.
　　既然你身体不好, 你就不该熬夜.
　　4.i asked her to stay to tea, for i had something to tell her.
　　我请她留下来喝茶,因为我有事要告诉她.
　　.难点——because , since , as , for,辨析
　　在语气上，because 最重, 表示的是直接理由,回答why 时只能用它. 其次是since, as ,一般不表示原因, 而是表明理由, 进一步说明.(译为：由于，既然). for 被认为是复合句的并列连词(常用于推断),表示理由.
　　四、地点状语从句
　　要点: 由连词where和复合关系词wherever (=no matter where )引导.
　　知识扩展
　　1.where there is a will , there is a way.
　　有志者事竟成。(谚语)
　　1.it will be mixed school where not all the children are disabled.
　　他将是一所混合式学校，那里的儿童并不都是残疾。(在限定性定语从句中对限先行词起限定作用。)
　　2.wherever you go , i go too.
　　无论你到什么地方，我都去。(wherever=no matter where)无论何处，多用于句首。
　　3.wherever there is smoke , there is fire.
　　无风不起浪。(谚语)
　　4. while she was wondering where to go , she met a policeman.
　　疑问副词where后跟不定式,构成不定式短语. 考点
　　五、目的，结果状语从句
　　要点： 目的状语从句由连词that, so that, so…that , in order that 引导。
　　结果状语从句由连词( so )that, so…that, such…that, so much/many…that引导。
　　1.so…that 如此…以至于
　　the scientist’s report was so instructive that we were all very excited.
　　科学家的报告很有启发性，我们感到很兴奋。
　　he always studied so hard that he made great progress.
　　他总是那么努力，结果他取得了很大的进步。
　　2.so that 以至, 以便
　　i’ll run slowly so that you can catch up with me. (目的)
　　我将慢慢跑以至你能赶上我。
　　i opened the window so that fresh air might come in. (目的)
　　我把窗户打开以使新鲜空气可以进来。
　　3. such…that 如此。。。以至
　　it’s such nice weather that all of us want to go to the park.
　　天气是如此的好，我们大家都想去公园玩。
　　4.in order that=so that:为了
　　we shall let you know the details soon in order that you can/may make your arrangements.
　　不久我们将会让你知道详情,以便你们能够做出安排。(目的)
　　难点
　　+形容词或副词
　　+形+a(an)+单数可数名词
　　so +many 或few+复数可数名词 +that
　　+much或 little+不可数名词
　　lso that ,such…that 都可以in order that两者皆可引导目的地状语从句和结果状语从句，
　　当他们引导目的状语从句时，从句的谓语里常常有can, could, may, might, will, would等次。
　　(见例句 2, 5 )
　　lso +adj./adv.+ that， such +n.+ that 以上两种句型都表示结果,其中so为副词,后接形容词，副词原型，当可数名词前有many, few；不可数名词前有much, little修饰时，应采用句型：so many (few, much, little )+n. 。 such为形容词, 后只能接名词。这名词既可以地可数的，也可以是不可数的。如果这名词是可数,单数,则必须在名词前敬爱冠词a(an). 常见的形式是:such a (beautiful)garden, such(nice)people.
　　lthe weather is so nice that i’d like to take a walk.
　　天气是如此只好,以至于我想去散散步.
　　lmike is so honest a man that we all believe him.
　　麦克是如此诚实的一个人,以至于大家都相信他
　　(=mike is such an honest man that we all believe him.) 考点
　　li’ve had so many falls that i’m black and blue all over.
　　我跌了很多跤，浑身数摔得清一块紫一块.
　　lthere are so few notebooks that i can’t give you any.
　　笔记本太少了,我一本也给不了你.
　　lit is such nice weather that i’d like to take a walk.
　　天气是如此只好,以至于我想去散散步. 考点
六、让步状语从句
　　要点: 表示让步的状语从句由连词 though, although引导.
　　难点：
　　lthough, although当虽然讲, 都不能和but连用. although,(though)…but的格式是不对的.但是他们都可以同yet (still) 连用. 所以thought (although)…yet(still)的格式是正确的.
　　lwrong: although he is rich but he is not happy.
　　right : although he is rich, yet he is not happy.
　　虽然他很富有, 然而他并不快乐.
　　lright : although we have grown up, our parents treat us as children.
　　right : although we have grown up, our parents still treat us as children.
　　尽管我们已经长大了,可是我们的父母仍把我们看作小孩.
　　although, though 辨析
　　although 不能though 那样用作副词, 放在句末表示强调时要用even though.
　　lhe is looking fit, though.
　　但是,他看上去很健康. 考点
　　leven though i didn’t under a word, i kept smiling.
　　尽管我一个字也不懂，我还是一直微笑着。
　　lhe is quite experienced, he is young, though.
　　尽管他很年轻，他很有经验。
　　七、比较状语从句
　　要点：比较状语从句主要运用于形容词和副词的原级，比较级及最高级的句子之中。
　　原级
　　1. as…as 和。。。一样
　　jack is as tall as bob.
　　捷克和汤姆一样高。
　　2. not so(as)…as …和不一样
　　she is not so(as)outgoing as her sister.
　　她不如她姐姐外向。
　　比较级
　　more…than (更)
　　this book is more instructive than that one.
　　这本书比那本书由教育意义。
　　最高级
　　1.the most…in/of
　　this book is the most interesting of the three.
　　这本书是三本中最有趣的。
　　2. the + 形容词+est…of/in
　　this road is the busiest street in our city.
　　这条路是我们城市最繁忙的街道。
　　知识扩展
　　lno more than只不过(嫌少的意思)
　　i have no more than two pens.
　　我只有两支笔。
　　it’s no more than a mile to the shops.
　　去商店不过一英里。
　　lnot more than不如。。。；(前者不如后者)
　　jack is not more diligent than john.
　　捷克不如约翰勤奋。
　　lone of the + 名词(复数)….之一(用于最高级)
　　han mei is one of the best students in our school.
　　韩梅是我们学校最好的学生之一。
练习
　　一、用when , while ,as soon as, not…until 填空
　　1. the car hit the man _______ he was crossing the road.
　　2. i’ll tell you the good news_______ i get there.
　　3. he ______ go to bed _______11o’clock last night.
　　4. the accident happened _______ i was on my way to work.
　　5. sports build the body______ reading builds the mind.
　　6. i used to be rather quite_______ i was young.
　　二、用although , though, however填空
　　1.they got to the airport on time______ the traffic was bad.
　　2. we had a wonderful_______ the food was terrible.
　　3. some people think winter is a bad season. _______, for me it’s
　　a good time because i live cold, rainy weather.
　　三、用because, since, so… that, if填空
　　1.______ we’re young, we shouldn’t be too afraid of making mistakes.
　　2.the weather was ______ nice ______ i spent the whole day in the
　　park.
　　3.he couldn’t come to your party______ he was ill.
　　4.______ were you, i would wear that earrings.
　　四、填入适当的引导词
　　1. i haven't heard from him _____ he went to america.
　　2. he won't be here _____ he is invited.
　　3. he will not go to the cinema _____ he is very busy.
　　4. we found the key _____ she lad left it.
　　5. we found the books two days ____ he had gone away.
　　6. we had no sooner got to the station _____ the train left.
　　7. he speaks english ______ he were an englishman.
　　8. he is explaining clearly _______ they could understand.
　　9. do not leave the room _____ you have finished the test.
　　10. she sang ______ she went along.
　　五、 改错
　　1. the children were running on the playground as fast as they can.
　　2. since her husband had died，so she had to support her family.
　　3. he won't go out until his mother will come.
　　4. he was very foolish that he didn't pass such an easy exam.
　　5. tom had gone out as soon as his mother got home.
　　6. it was three months since he came to our school.
　　7. the playground of our school is larger than their school.
　　8. the streets in nanjing are wider than shanghai.
　　9. whatever there is plenty of sun and rain，the fields are green.
　　10. she sings songs as if she is a bird.
　　答案:
　　一、1.while 2.as soon as 3. didn’t , until 4.while 5.while 6.when
　　二、1.although/though 2.although/though 3.however
　　三、1. since, 2.so…that, 3.because, 4.if
　　四、1. since　　2. unless　　3. because　　4. where　　5. after　　6. than　　7. as if　　8. so that 　　9. before　　10. as
　　ii、1. can 改为could 　2. 去掉so 　3. will come改为 comes 　4. very改为 so 　五、as soon as 改为when6. was 改为is 　7. than 之后加上that of 　8. than 后加 those in 　9. whatever改为 wherever 　10. is改为 were
　　知识迁移(栏目)
　　状语从句在解完形填空题的作用
　　在完形填空解题过程中，正确使用状语从句中的连接词及副词，对于把握作者思路、从不同角度进行合乎逻辑的推理，进而达到理解全文、构建篇章意识来解决问题，起着决定性的作用。
　　example 1,
　　some people dislike certain food 1______ they are not used to it. the japanese enjoy eating raw fish 2_____ few americans would want to taste it. some people do not eat particular food for religious reasons. for instance, muslims do not eat pork 3_____ pigs are thought to be unclean.
　　1( )a. because b. before c. when d. since
　　2 ( ) a. as b. when c. while d. after
　　3 ( ) a. although b. because c. till d. so that
　　example 2.
　　people enjoy the food that they grew up with. as a cultural group, we learn to like what is available(现成可使用的 ) to us. sometimes we need to change our eating habits. 4_____ we move or travel to a new place with a different culture, or favorite food may not be available to us. 5_____ we have to eat food that is different from the food we are used to .
　　4 ( )a. when b. because c. as soon as d. if
　　5 ( )a. as a result b. before c. so d. for
　　example 3
　　try not to leave any caller on hold for too long. it is better to tell someone you will call back 6_____ you are free. be sure to return calls 7_____ you can. 8 _____ you can not return the call immediately, apologize to the caller for the delay.
　　6 ( )a. while b. after c. when d. because
　　7 ( )a. if b. as soon as c. until d. as
　　8 ( )a. where b. unless c. since d. if
　　example 4
　　the complete course is 26 miles, 385 yards, and takes the best runners less than 3 hours. 9______ it has changed since 1970, the new york city marathon is always exciting.
　　9 ( )a. because b. although c. when d. till
　　example 5
　　“and i don’t think you have the right to ask me to remove them, 10_______ you are my father.” said he.(05中考))
　　10 ( )a. after all b. only if c. even though d. as if
　　答案：
　　1. a 2. c 3. b 4. d 5. a 6. c 7. b 8. d 9. b 10. c
　　状语从句在写作中的运用
　　写作中能合理、正确地使用状语从句，不但能地道的表达英文习惯，而且还能使文体结构更加严谨、美观。例如下文：
　　my hobby
　　the hobby i enjoy most is fishing.
　　i started fishing (1)when i was five years old. i’ll never forget the day (2)when my father first took me fishing with him. on that day, i was holding a fishing rod (3)when a fish suddenly started pulling on the line. (4)i was so shocked that i fell into the water. but experience didn’t put me off and i have been fishing ever since.
　　now i still go fishing with my father. and we often go out on sundays and spend the whole day fishing in the river.
　　(1)是由when引导的时间状语从句，这列从句的使用频率很高。
　　(2)句是由i’ll never forget the day .及when my father first took me fishing with him.两局组成。when在从句中做时间状语。
　　(3)句也是由when 引导的时间状语从句。when 常与suddenly 连用，主句常用过去进行是。译为 “正在……, 忽然……”.
　　(4)是以 so…that… (太…..一直于……)引导的结果状语从句