人教版高中英语必修4知识点讲解.doc

人教版高中英语必修4知识点讲解
必修4
Unit1 Women of achievement知识点讲解
重点词汇
1. achieve
【课文原句】She has achieved everything she wanted to do… (P3)
【名师点拨】achieve v. 意为“完成；达到”，指经过长期努力而达到某目标、地位或标准等。其名词形式为achievement，意为“成就；功绩”，a sense of achievement可指“成就感”。如：
He had finally achieved success.
Even a small success gives you a sense of achievement.
2. condition
【课文原句】She helped improve prison conditions and gave prisoners work and education. (P1)
【名师点拨】condition 意为“环境；境况；条件”时，是可数名词，常用复数形式conditions；意为“状态；状况”时，是不可数名词，be in good condition表示“处于良好的状态”，be out of condition表示“健康状况不佳”。如：
 We should pay more attention to the poor living under the bad conditions.
 The astronauts soon got used to the condition of weightlessness.
 My car is old but in good condition.
 He is overweight and out of condition.
【知识拓展】condition意为“条件”时，常用短语on condition that，表示“如果；在……条件下”；在美国英语中，也经常用under the condition that。如：
I will come on condition that Peter is invited.
They agreed under the condition that the matter be dealt with quickly.
3. devote
【课文原句】She devoted all her life to medical work for Chinese women and children. (P1)
【名师点拨】devote vt. 意为“投入于；献身”，其宾语后常与介词to搭配，to后接名词、代词或动名词。devote … to … 意为“献身；致力于”，指把自己、时间、精力等奉献给某种工作或事业。如：
He has devoted his whole life to benefiting mankind.
The girl, to whom he was devoted, died in a traffic accident by chance.
After he has retired, he will devote himself to gardening.
4. behave
【课文原句】Jane has studied these animals for many years and helped people understand how much they behave like humans. (P2)
【名师点拨】behave vi & vt. 意为“举动；举止；行为表现”，如behave well / badly等。其名词形式为behaviour，指“行为；态度；举止”。如：
The parents encouraged the children to behave well in front of the guests.
My camera has been behaving well since it was repaired.
Everyone praises the children's good behaviour.
5. worthwhile
【课文原句】But the evening makes it all worthwhile. (P2)
【名师点拨】worthwhile adj.意为“值得做的；值得出力的”，可作表语或定语。be worthwhile to do / doing sth表示“值得做……”，在动词-ing形式的结构中，worthwhile有时可以用来替代worth，特别是在表示“值得花时间”这一概念时。如：
I think teaching school is always a worthwhile job.
The book referred to by the professor is worthwhile / worth reading.
6. observe
【课文原句】Jane spent many years observing and recording their daily activities. (P2)
【名师点拨】observe vt. 意为“观察；观测；遵守”，可用observe sb do sth，observe + that从句。其名词形式为observation。如：
I observed the man who murdered the boy enter the shop.
He observed that we should probably have rain.
Most information was collected by direct observation of the animals’ behaviour.
7. argue
【课文原句】She has argued for them to be left in the wild and not used for entertainment or advertisements. (P2)
【名师点拨】argue作动词时，意为“争论；争吵；争辩”。argue for意为“为……辩护”；argue with sb about / over sth指“就某事和某人争论”；argue against意为“据理反对；争辩……”。如：
It is no use arguing for the plan because it has been rejected.
We are always arguing with each other about money. 
Father argued fiercely against any increase in expenditure for the children’s annual party.
【知识拓展】argue的名词形式为argument，意为“争论；争端；论证”，常构成短语settle an argument指“解决争端”。
9. care for
【课文原句】It was a small book explaining how to cut the death rate from having and caring for babies by following some rules for keeping babies clean and healthy. (P6)
【名师点拨】care for可以表示look after的意思，意为“照顾；照料”，且较正式；也可表示“喜欢”的意思。如：
His son cared for him when he was ill.
In fact, I don’t really care for basketball.
另外，在上面的句子中，explain意为“解释，说明”，后可接名词、代词、从句或wh + to do作宾语，可用explain sth to sb或explain to sb sth。如：
Will you explain to us how we can finish the work as soon as possible?
【知识拓展】care about意为“介意；在乎”，表示是否认为某事是重要的，某事是否引起了某人的兴趣或使其忧虑。最常用于疑问句或否定句中。about用在宾语前面，但是在连词前面一般省掉。
 I don’t care about your opinion.
 I don’t care whether it rains — I’m happy.
10. intend
【课文原句】I looked carefully at the text and realised that it was intended for women who lived in the countryside. (P6)
【名师点拨】intend v. 意为“打算；计划；想要”。intend to do sth意为“想干某事”；intend后也可以接动词-ing形式或that从句。intend for表示“原打算给某人；准备让……干……”。如：
I intended to come to your house last night but it rained.
            I intend coming / to come back soon.
            He hadn’t really intended that they should be there.
            This gift is intended for you.
热点语法
主谓一致用法难点小结：
一、集合名词作主语时的主谓一致。
1. 集合名词有family, team, group, party, class, public, club, crew, crowd, enemy, audience, company, committee, government, population等，当被看作一个整体时，表示单数意义，谓语动词用单数形式；如果这些集合名词指其中的每个成员，表示复数意义，谓语动词则用复数形式。即谓语动词的单复数要与主语的含义相一致。如：
My class is a big one, including thirty boys and thirty girls.
My class are working hard for the coming exam.
2. 有些集合名词作主语时，谓语只能用复数形式，如：people, the police, the military, mankind, cattle等。如：
The police are searching for the lost child.
二、不定代词作主语时的主谓一致。
不定代词anyone, anybody, anything, everyone, everybody, everything, someone, somebody, no one, nobody, nothing, each, the other等作主语时，谓语动词用单数。如：
  Everything goes well with me.
  Each of the students in our class has an English-Chinese dictionary.
三、“名词＋名词”作主语时的主谓一致。
        当表示同一人物或观点时，谓语动词用单数。如：A novelist and playwright is coming to our school. 这里表示“一位小说家兼剧作家”，是同一个人，所以谓语动词用单数。
        如果是A novelist and a playwright作主语，这时表示“一位小说家和一位剧作家”，是两个人，所以谓语动词用复数，该句应改为：A novelist and a playwright are coming to our school.
四、The ＋ adj.作主语时的主谓一致。
        当The ＋ adj.表示抽象的含义时，谓语动词用单数。如：The beautiful is the true.
当The ＋ adj.表示该类全体的含义时，谓语动词用复数。如：The rich should help the poor.
必修4 Unit 2 Working the land 知识点讲解
Unit2 Working the land
Phrases and Idioms
1. be satisfied (with): pleased because you have got what you want 
1)  Jane isn't quite satisfied with the way the barber cut her hair.
2)  If you are not completely satisfied, you can get your money back.
3)  I am not really satisfied with the job you did.
2. refer to : a)  mention or speak about someone or something 
b)  to look at a hook map, piece of paper, etc, for information
1) We agreed never to refer to the matter again.
2) Although she didn't mention any names, everyone knew who she was   referring to.
3) He gave the speech without referring to his notes even once.
3. would rather: used to say what someone prefers 
1) It seems you would rather play than work.
2)She would rather die than lose the children.
3) I would rather starve than be dependent on anyone again.
4. thanks to sb/ sth : because of sb./ sth.
1) I was late thanks to the heavy traffic.
2) It was thanks to his advice that I succeeded.
3) We've collected $50,000 for the poor, thanks to the generosity of the public.
5. rid of sb/sth: become free of
1) Will science- finally rid us of this disease?
2) Do you think it possible to rid the world of nuclear weapons?
3) By working hard day and night, she is trying to rid herself of loneliness and sadness.
6. lead a ...life: live in the way what you life is like 
1) Before liberation, my grandpa led a dog's life.
2) If the operation succeeds, the patient will be able to lead a normal life.
3) Mrs. Black is retired and leads a quiet and peaceful life in a mountain village.
7. care about: love;  be interested in; be concerned with
1) Just listening to somebody shows you care about them.
2) Your parents are only doing this because they care about you.
3) The only thing this rich- and greedy man seems to care about is money.
8. insist on sth/doing sth: to demand that something must be done or that you must have a particular thing 
1) The school insists on good behaviour from its students.
2) John insisted on doing all the work himself, though he was in poor health.
3) The old man insisted on helping me find a taxi even though I told him I didn't need any help.
必修4 Unit3 A taste of humor 知识点讲解
Unit3重点汇集
1. content
【课文原句】Perhaps it makes us feel more content with our life because we feel there is someone else worse off than ourselves. (P17)
【名师点拨】content adj.意为“满足的；满意的”，be content to do意为“乐意去做某事”；be content with sb / sth意为“对某人或某事感到满意”，相当于be pleased with或be satisfied with。如：
I’m content to help you to set up a website on the Internet.
Those who are not content with the progress they have made will have greater success.
注：worse off是badly off的比较级，意思是“境况比……更差”；better off意为“境况比……好”。如：
To my surprise, I found his living conditions were much worse off than mine.
With the development of economy, more and more people are better off.
【知识拓展】content还可作动词，意为“使满足”；作名词时，表示“满足；心满意足”，也可表示“（书、报纸等的）内容；目录；含量”。如：
My explanation seemed to content him.
Now she began to live in peace and content.
We've discussed the unusual form of the book — now, what about the content?
2. astonish
【课文原句】However, some actors can astonish us with the deep feelings they can inspire in us for a character they are playing. (P17)
【名师点拨】astonish vt．意为“使大为吃惊；使惊异”，比surprise程度强，比shock程度弱。如：
I was astonished to hear that the professor had broken down because of his hard work.
I was astonished by how much she'd grown.
【知识拓展】(1) astonishing adj．意为“令人惊异的”。如：
The astonishing news made the world astonished, and a great many people expressed their opinions on the Internet.
(2) astonished adj．指(某人)处于惊异、吃惊状况，常用be astonished at sth。如：
He was astonished at what Tom had said and done.
(3) astonishment n.意为“惊讶”，可用to one’s astonishment表示“使某人吃惊的是”。如：
To my astonishment, she still remembered my birthday.
3. particular
【课文原句】He became famous for using a particular form of acting, including mime and farce. (P17)
【名师点拨】particular adj.意为“专指的；特别的；格外的；不寻常的”。be particular about / over sth意为“对某事很讲究 / 很挑剔”。in particular意为“特别地”。如：
There was nothing in the newspaper of particular importance.
I'm not particular about my clothes; I don't mind what I wear.
He talked about the ball games in general and talked about football in particular.
What in particular did you like about the last apartment that we saw?
4. worn-out
【课文原句】He played a poor and homeless person, who wore large trousers, worn-out shoes and a small round black hat and carried a walking stick. (P18)
【名师点拨】worn-out adj.
(1) 意为“磨损的；损坏的；穿破的 (用坏的以至完全无用的)”。如：
Since your shoes are worn-out, why not buy another pair?
(2) 意为“筋疲力尽的；耗尽的”，相当于be tired out。如：
He was worn-out after the long journey.
5. failure & overcome
【课文原句】This character was a social failure but he was loved by all who watched the films for his determination in overcoming difficulties and being kind even when people were
unkind to him．(P18)
【名师点拨】(1) failure意为“失败”时，是不可数名词；意为“失败者；失败的事”时，是可数名词。如：
As we all know, failure is the mother of success.
At last, he was a great success, while she was a failure.
To our disappointment, the party turned out to be a failure.
(2) overcome v.意为“控制(感情)；克服(困难)；征服；战胜”，可用于to overcome difficulties / obstacles / problems / resistance等。如：
He made great efforts to overcome the difficulty.
They succeeded to overcome the tallest mountain in the world.
【知识拓展】fail还可作动词，意为“失败；不及格；无法做到”，可用fail to do sth或者fail in doing sth。如：
I failed to persuade him to give up smoking.
= I failed in persuading him to give up smoking.
6. in search of
【课文原句】The film is set in California in the middle of the nineteenth century when gold was discovered and thousands of people rushed there in search of it. (P18)
【名师点拨】in search of意为“寻找”。类似的词组有：in the／a／one’s search for／of，make a search for／of，在这三个短语中search是名词。如：
Today, many countryside people have rush to the city in search of good jobs.
The researchers are in their search for the animals which they want to experiment with.
注意：in search of 中of不可换用for。
【知识拓展】search还可以是作动词，意为“搜寻”，search 的宾语是寻找的东西所在的处所，即search someplace for sth，意为“搜查某地找……”。如：
They searched the building for the robber.
He searched his pockets for some change.
而search sb for sth意为“搜某人身以找到某物”。如：
He searched the boy for the lost pen.
search after／for = look for = hunt for意为“到处寻找”。如：
People who are searching after inner peace sometimes turn to religion.
7. pick up
【课文原句】They wash sand from the river in a pan of water, and expect to pick up gold, but they have been not fortunate enough to find any. (P18)
【名师点拨】pick up意为“拾起；拿起”。如：
He picked up his hat and went out.
pick up还有其他意思：
(1) 在中途搭载承载(乘客、货物等)。如：
The bus stopped to pick up passengers．
(2) (偶然地)发现，得到，购买；学得，得到(知识、利益)。如：
I picked up the book in a lonely place．
She picked up French very quickly in France.
When you live in a country, you soon pick up the language.
(3) 恢复，使恢复。如：
I believe he will pick up by the seaside.
(4) 接收，收听(广播)。如：
It is easy to pick up the programme clearly through my radio.   
【知识拓展】pick out意为“选好；选出；认出；看清楚”。如：
Have you picked out the movie you want to see?
Can you pick out your brother out from that group of people?
8. cut off
【课文原句Then he cuts off the leather top of the shoe, treating it as if it were the finest meat．(P18)
【名师点拨】cut off意为“切下来；剪下来”。如：
He cut off piece of cloth and wrapped the wound.
cut off还可译为“切断；停掉；使电话中断”。如：
They’ve cut off the water temporarily because they are repairing one of the main pipes.
It was dangerous that our food and water supply were cut off at that time.
We were cut off in the middle of our telephone conversation.
Because I failed to pay the telephone bill, the telephone operator cut us off.
必修4 Unit4 Body Language 知识点讲解
Unit 4 重点汇集
1. major, local & represent
【课文原句】They will be meeting at a major hotel with local business people and people who represent the Chinese government. (P25)
【名师点拨】(1) major adj. 表示“主要的；较大的；重要的”，句中a major hotel 意思是“大酒店”；major经常用作名词，意为“主修课程；专业课”；可作动词，主要用于major in，意为“主修”。如：
Many people wish to live in a major city.
She decided to take computer as her major.
  My friend majored in economics at Tsinghua University.
 (2) local adj. 表示“地方的；当地的”。含有local的常用词组：local customs意为“地方风俗”；local news意为“本地新闻”；the local TV station意为“地方电视台”；the local court意为“地方法院”；the local government意为“地方政府”。如:
    My sister studies at a local university.
(3) represent在本句中是“代表”的意思，还有“象征；表现；描绘；扮演”等意思。如：
We must choose someone to represent us. (代表)
The stars in our flag represent the States. (象征)
This picture represents a man riding a horse. (表现)
【知识拓展】meet with sb表示“和某人会晤（商讨问题等）”。但具体句子要具体分析，有时候可表示“偶然遇见”。如：
I met with a friend on the train yesterday. （偶遇）
2. introduce
【课文原句】You introduce them to each other, and are surprised by what you see. (P26)
【名师点拨】introduce表示“介绍；引荐；引进；采用”等意思，常和to连用，即introduce… to…。在本句中是“介绍；引荐”的意思。如：
Let me introduce myself to you first.
The chairman introduced the speaker to the audience.
【知识拓展】introduce的名词形式是introduction，意为“介绍”，多作不可数名词，有时候也作可数名词；还可译为“引论；导言；概论”，是可数名词。如：
My next guest needs no introduction (= is already known to everyone).
Before the meeting began I made the necessary introductions.
The introduction in a book tells us what the book is about.
3. approach & touch
【课文原句】Mr Garcia approaches Mrs Smith, touches her shoulder and kisses her on the cheek. (P26)
【名师点拨】(1) approach vt. & vi. 意为“接近；靠近；走近”。approach作名词讲时，表示“方法；步骤；途径；接近”，用于make approaches to sb，表示“想法接近（认识）某人”。如：
We could just see the train approaching in the distance.
It began to rain when he approached his home.
The time is approaching when we must be on boar