高中英语状语从句讲解及练习[含答案解析].doc

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状语从句讲解和练习
状语修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子。通常由副词、介词短语、动词不定式、分词和从句等担当。例如：
1. Naturally , our grandparents were pleased to get our phone call . (副词)
2.  We worked hard , from sunrise to sunset . (介词状短语)
3.  To help my disabled aunt , I spend an hour working in her house every day . (不定式)
4.   Seen from a distance , the farmhouse looked deserted . (过去分词)
5.  I know how to light a camp fire because I had done it before .（原因状语从句）
状语的位置比较灵活，可以位于句首、句末或句中。enough用作状语修饰形容词和副词时必须后置。
状语从句主要用来修饰主句或主句的谓语。一般可分为九大类，分别表示时间、地点、原因、目的、结果、条件、让步、比较和方式。尽管种类较多，但由于状语从句与汉语结构和用法相似，所以理解和掌握它并不难。状语从句的关键是要掌握引导不同状语从句的常用连接词
和特殊的连接词即考点。现分别列举如下:
1． 时间状语从句
常用引导词：when, as, while, as soon as, while, before, after, since , till, until
特殊引导词：the minute, the moment, the second, every time, the day，the instant, immediately , directly, no sooner … than, hardly …when, scarcely … when
I didn’t realize how special my mother was until I became an adult.
While John was watching TV, his wife was cooking.
The children ran away from the orchard(果园) the moment they saw the guard.
No sooner had I arrived home than it began to rain.
Every time I listen to your advice, I get into trouble.
2． 地点状语从句
常用引导词：where
特殊引导词：wherever, anywhere, everywhere
Generally, air will be heavily polluted where there are factories.
Wherever you go, you should work hard.
3． 原因状语从句
常用引导词：because, since, as, since
特殊引导词：seeing that, now that, in that, considering that, given that, considering that, 
My friends dislike me because I’m handsome and successful.
Now that everybody has come, let’s begin our conference.
The higher income tax is harmful in that it may discourage people from trying to earn more.
Considering that he is no more than 12 years old, his height of 1.80 m is quite remarkable.
4． 目的状语从句
常用引导词：so that, in order that
特殊引导词：lest, in case, for fear that，in the hope that, for the purpose that, to the end that
The boss asked the secretary to hurry up with the letters so that he could sign them.
The teacher raised his voice on purpose that the students in the back could hear more clearly.
5． 结果状语从句
常用引导词：so … that, so… that, such … that,
特殊引导词：such that, to the degree that, to the extent that, to such a degree that,
He got up so early that he caught the first bus.
It’s such a good chance that we must not miss it.
To such an degree was he excited that he couldn’t sleep last night.
6． 条件状语从句
常用引导词：if, unless,
特殊引导词：as/so long as, only if, providing/provided that, suppose that, in case that, on condition that
We’ll start our project if the president agrees.
You will certainly succeed so long as you keep on trying.
Provided that there is no opposition, we shall hold the meeting here.
7． 让步状语从句
常用引导词：though, although, even if, even though
特殊引导词： as(用在让步状语从句中必须要倒装)，while ( 一般用在句首 )，no matter …， in spite of the fact that, while, whatever, whoever, wherever, whenever, however, whichever
Much as I respect him, I can’t agree to his proposal.
尽管我很尊敬他， 我却不同意他的建议。
The old man always enjoys swimming even though the weather is rough.
No matter how hard he tried, she could not change her mind.
He won’t listen whatever you may say.
8． 比较状语从句
常用引导词：as(同级比较), than(不同程度的比较)
特殊引导词：the more … the more … ; just as …， so…; A is to B what /as X is to Y; no … more than; not A so much as B
She is as bad-tempered as her mother.
The house is three times as big as ours.
The more you exercise, the healthier you will be.
Food is to men what oil is to machine. 食物之于人，犹如油之于机器。
9． 方式状语从句
常用引导词：as, as if, how
特殊引导词：the way
When in Rome, do as the Roman do.
She behaved as if she were the boss.
Sometimes we teach our children the way our parents have taught us.
10.  状语从句的简化
♠状语从句的省略
状语从句同时具备下列两个条件:①主句和从句的主语一
致，或从句主语为it；②从句主要动词是be的某种形式。从句中的主语和be动词常可省略。例如：
When ( the museum is ) completed , the museum will be open to the public next year .
He’ll go to the seaside for his holiday if (it is ) possible.
另外，比较状语从句经常省略。例如：
I’m taller than he (is tall ).
The higher the temperature (is), the greater the pressure (is ).
就状语从句而言,有时为了使语言言简意赅,常常将状语从句进行"简化"。状语从句的"简化"现象在口语中较为普遍,而且在高考中的复现率也较高。因此,有必要对其进行全面、透彻的了解。
状语从句的"简化"现象常存在于以下五种状语从句中:①由if, unless等引导的条件状语从句;②由although, though, even if / though等引导的让步状语从句;③由when, while, as, before, after, until / till等引导的时间状语从句;④由as, as if等引导的方式状语从句;⑤由as, than等引导的比较状语从句。下面针对这五种情形作一归纳。
(1)当状语从句的主语是it,且谓语动词是be时,it和be要完全简化掉。例如:
If (it is) possible, he will help you out of the difficulty.如果可能的话,他会帮你摆脱困境。
You must attend the meeting unless (it is) inconvenient to you.除非情况对你来说不方便,否则你必须出席这次会议。
(2)当状语从句的主语和主句的主语一致时,从句可以将主语和be动词简化掉。常用于以下几种情形:
a.连词+形容词
As (he was) young, he learned how to ride a bike.他小时候就学会了骑自行车。
Whenever (she is) free, she often goes shopping.她有空就去逛商店。
Work hard when (you are) young, or you'll regret.少壮不努力,老大徒伤悲。
b.连词+名词
While (he was) a young boy, he was always ready to help others.他在孩提时代就乐于助人。
Although (he was) a farmer, now he is a famous director.尽管他曾是个农民,而现在是位著名的导演了。
c.连词+现在分词
As (she was) walking along the river bank, she was singing a pop song.她沿着河堤边走边唱着流行歌曲。
Although (he is) doing his best in maths these days, he has still got no good marks.尽管近来他一直在学数学,但他仍然没有取得好成绩。
d.连词+过去分词
He won't go there with us unless (he is) invited.除非受到邀请,否则他不会和我们一道去那里。
The concert was a great success than (it was) expected.这场音乐会出乎意料地取得了巨大成功。
e.连词+不定式
He stood up as if (he were) to say something.当时他站起来好像要说什么。He wouldn't solve the problem even if (he were) to take charge.即使他来负责,他也解决不了这个问题。f. 连词+介词短语
She looked anxious as though (she was) in trouble.她看上去很焦急,好像遇到了麻烦。
He had mastered the English language before (he was) in the USA.他到美国之前就懂英语了。
注意:当从句主语和主句主语不一致时,从句部分要么用完全形式,要么用独立主格结构来表达。例如:
When the meeting was over, all the people went out of the meeting-room.当会议结束时,人们都走出了会议室。(=The meeting over,

巩固练习
1. John shut everybody out of the kitchen ______he could prepare his grand surprise for the party.
A. which　　　           B. when　　　              C. so that　　               D. as if
2. I would appreciate it ________you call back this afternoon for the doctor’s appointment.
A. until                          B. if                              C. when                        D. that
3. As far as I am concerned，education is about learning and the more you learn，________.
A. the more for life are you equipped      B. the more equipped for life you are
C. the more life you are equipped for      D. you are equipped the more for life
4.After the war，a new school building was put up ________there had once been a theatre.
A. that                           B. where                       C. which                       D. when
5. —Is Mr. Sm
ith in the office?
—Yes，________ he is in charge of the office，he must be there.
A. since                         B. however                    C. whether                    D. for
6. As your good friend, I will do ________help you.
A. that I can to         B. what I can to      C. all that I can             D. what I can
7.John may phone tonight. I don’t want to go out ________he phones.
A. as long as             B. in order to        C. in case               D. so that
8.Someone called me up in the middle of the night，but they hung up ________I could answer the phone.
A. as                      B. since            C. until                            D. before
9. —Don’t look down upon Bob. He has his own advantages.
—Oh, yes. ________others are weak, he is strong.
A. If                        B. When           C. Where                 D. Though
10.It is ten years ________he smoked.
A. that                       B. when            C. since                 D. while
11.We must hurry up ________catch up with the last train.
A. that                       B. so that to        C. in order that              D. in order to
12.No matter ________hard it may be，I will carry it out.
A. what                   B. whatever        C. how                     D. however
13.________ you may do，you must do it well.
A. Which                    B. Whenever        C. Whatever                 D. When
14. —Are you thinking about going to New York for the holiday?
—No. But if I ________the time，I would definitely go.
A. have                        B. had           C. have had                   D. would have
15.________ you are so weak，you’d better stay at home.
A. Since                    B. For           C. Because                    D. Though
16.English and French are taught here. You can choose ________you like.
A. no matter which           B. whichever      C. which             D. whatever
17.I saw Mr. Smith last Sunday. We had not seen each other ________I left London.
A. as                    B. before          C. since                    D. till
18.I’ll be back before you ________.
A. will leave             B. will have left      C. leave                  D. would leave
19.The problem won’t be settled until we ________a chance to discuss it thoroughly.
A. have had               B. will have        C. will have had            D. would have
20.If you ________this experiment，you will understand the theory better.
A. will be doing          B. have done      C. will have done             D. would do
21.They went on working ________it was late at night.
A. even if                B. as if          C. however                D. as though
22.I hurried ________I wouldn’t be late for class.
A. since              B. so that         C. as if                 D. unless
23.The volleyball match will be put off if it ________.
A. will rain              B. rains       C. rained              D. is raining
24.________ you talk to someone or write a message，you show your skills to others.
A. At times               B. Some time     C. By the time                D. Every time
25.Although he is considered a great writer，________.
A. however his works are not widely read       B. but his works are not widely read
C. his works are not widely read              D. still his works are not widely read
26.The new secretary is supposed to report to the manager as soon as she ________.
A. will arrive            B. is going to arrive       C. arrives         D. is arriving
27.We should finish the important job，________.
A. long it takes however  B. it takes however long
C. long however it takes                  D. however long it takes
28.________he made an important speech at the meeting was true.
A. That                    B. Why         C. What                    D. How
29.________comes to the party will receive a gift.
A. Which               B. Who         C. Which one          D. Whoever
30.She is willing to help you, ________busy she is.
A. what                   B. how          C. however               D. whatever
31.I don’t care whether he stays ________goes.
A. nor                  B. then           C. or              D. otherwise
32.No matter ________hard it may be，I’ll carry it out.
A. what                   B. whatever        C. how              D. however
33.Why do you want to find a new job ________you’ve got such a good one already?
A. that                      B. where          C. which                D. when
34.________he is, he will be thinking of you.
A. Wherever              B. Where        C. Now that             D. As soon as
35.You should make it a rule to leave things ________you can find them again.
A. when                      B. where         C. then              D. there
36.He got excited at the news，________ I was calm.
A. when                    B. while         C. because                D. after
37.—Shall Brown come and play computer games?
—No，________ he has finished his homework.
A. when                  B. if             C. unless               D. once
38.________ you try，you will never succeed.
A. If                     B. Until              C. Since     D. Unless
39.Hardly had he arrived in Hongkong ________she rang me up.
A. when                 B. than             C. that                D. and
40.________ they heard the shout for help，they rushed out.
A. Immediately              B. The moment      C. The while            D. All the above
41.________，he never seems able to do the work beautifully.
A. Try as he does             B. as he tries       C. Try as does he        D. As he does try
42.—The air is full of smoke and people are coughing.
—It will get worse ________the government does something about the pollution.
A. but                   B. unless          C. except               D. if
43.If ________，I would have gone with him.
A. had he told me          B. he had told me       C. he has told me          D. he would tell me
44.—Alice is moving to her new apartment next Saturday.
—I’ll be glad to help her，________ need some help.
A. should she         B. if she will      C. if she         D. if she might
45.I came ________I heard the news.
A. until            B. as soon as       C. immediately                D.B and C
46.What we have seen________.
A. from what we heard              B. all what we heard
C. to what we have heard            D. from what we have heard
47.We will never give in ________they might do or say about our plan.
A. no matter how                B. how        C. whatever                 D. although
48.If you go to Xi’an，you will find the places there more magnificent than commonly ________.
A. supposing                   B. supposed        C. to suppose                 D. suppose
49.________ he comes，we would not be able to go.
A. Without                B. Unless           C. Except                D. Even
50.It’s no wonder you’ve got a headache ________you drank so much last night.
A. though                   B. in case           C. when              D. while
51.Iwonder if I________ time. If I ________time，I’ll go with you.
A. have；have     B. will have；will have    C. have；will have     D. will have；have
52.By the time you _______back，the supper ________ready.
A. will get；will be        B. get；was       C. get；will be           D. will get；is
53.Telephone me as soon as you ________the results.
A. will get                      B. get                     C. had got                       D. got
54.________ I live，I will never give in to the enemy.
A. As far as                  B. As long as       C. As well as               D. As soon as
55.I really wonder________ he has posted me many packages ________he worked together.
A. how；after              B. why；when       C. when；before             D. why；since
56.Please pronounce the word ________I did.
A. by the way             B. the way          C. the moment                  D. like
57.I was about to leave my house ________the phone rang.
A. while                        B. when                 C. as                                D. after
58.I had cut the meat into pieces ________Mother started cooking.
A. when                   B. as soon as         C. aft