新概念英语第二册笔记-第82课.doc

Lesson 82 Monster or fish? 是妖还是鱼？
【Text】
Fishermen and sailors sometimes claim to have seen monsters in the sea. Though people have often laughed at stories told by seamen, it is now known that many of these 'monsters' which have at times been sighted are simply strange fish. Occasionally, unusual creatures are washed to the shore, but they are rarely caught out at sea. Some time ago, however, a peculiar fish was caught near Madagascar. A small fishing boat was carried miles out to sea by the powerful fish as it pulled on the line. Realizing that this was no ordinary fish, the fisherman made every effort not to damage it in any way. When it was eventually brought to shore, it was found to be over thirteen feet long. It had a head like a horse, big blue eyes, shining silver skin, and a bright red tail. The fish, which has since been sent to a museum where it is being examined by a scientist, is called an oarfish. Such creatures have rarely been seen alive by man as they live at a depth of six hundred feet.
【课文翻译】
渔夫和水手们有时声称自己看到过海里的妖怪。虽然人们常常对水手们讲的故事付诸一笑，但现在看 来，人们有时看到的这些“妖怪”很多不过是些奇怪的鱼。一些异常的生物偶尔会被冲到岸上来，但它们在海上却极少能被捕到。然而不久前，在马达加斯加附近的 海里却捕到了一条奇怪的鱼。一条小渔船被一条咬住钩的强壮的大鱼拖到了几英里以外的海面上。那位渔民意识到这根本不是一条普通的鱼，于是千方百计不让它受到丝毫伤害。当终于把它弄上岸后，人们发现它身长超过了13英尺。它长着一个像马一样的头， 有着大的蓝眼睛和闪闪发光的银色皮肤，还有一条鲜红色的尾巴。此鱼叫桨鱼，被送进了博物馆，现正接受一位科学家的检查。人们很少能看到活着的这类动物，因为它们生活在600英尺深的水.
New words and expressions 生词和短语

monster n. 怪物
sailor n. 海员
sight v. 见到
creature n. 动物，生物
peculiar adj. 奇怪的，不寻常的
shining adj. 闪闪发光的
oarfish n. 桨鱼

【生词讲解】
1. monster
1）n. 怪物
a one-eyed monster独眼怪物
eg：A dragon is a fabulous monster.
龙是一个传说中的怪物
2） 巨大物、（做形容词） 巨大
eg：The spaceship was a real monster.
巨大的宇宙飞船
a monster pumpkin 南瓜
monstrous adj. 畸形的, 怪异的, 巨大的
a monstrous iceberg 巨大的冰山
monstrously adv.

2. sailor
1） n. 海员、水手
eg：His father is a sailor. 他的父亲是个海员。
2） 乘船的人 （与adj. 连用）
a good sailor 不晕船的人 ←→ a bad sailor 晕船的人
sail（同音词sale）
1）n. 帆 put up a sail 扬帆
2）n.航行、航程
go for a sail 乘船去航行
eg：It’s a forty-minute sail from Dove to Calais .
从多佛到加来需45分钟的航行
in full sail 以全速 ； set sail 启航
3） v. 扬帆、航行，（使） 行使
eg：The yacht sailed around the cape.
那艘游艇绕岬航行。
eg：He sailed his boat into the harbor.
他将船直接驶向港口。
eg：Can you sail a yacht？
你会驾驶游艇？
sail close to the wind 几乎犯法;冒风险
sailing n. 航海 ； sailing boat （英） 帆船 （美：sail boat）

3. sight
1） v. 见到
eg：They sighted land at last.
他们终于看见陆地了
2） n. 视力、视觉
near sighted ＝ short sighted 近视
far sighted ＝ long sighted 远视
lose one’s sight 失明
3）n. 视野
go out of sight 从视线消失、看不见了 ；
come in sight 映入眼帘
in sight 看得见，被见到；在望，在即
eg: I caught sight of his tall figure in the crowd .
在人群中我看见他高大的身影。
4） n. 名胜
the sight of shanghai 上海的名胜
do the sight of Paris ＝ see the sight of Paris 在巴黎观光

4. creature
1） n.（包含人类的） 动物，生物
dumb creatures 牲口（不说话的动物）
a human creature 人
2） 人、家伙（语表爱情、轻蔑等形容词连用；由多用于女性）
a lovely creature 惹人喜欢的生物 、多么美丽的女人哪!
3） 工具、奴隶
eg：Man is a creature of circumstances.
人是环境的奴隶。
creature comforts 衣食(尤指食物)

5. peculiar
1） adj. 奇怪的，不寻常的
a peculiar behavior 奇异的行为 ； a peculiar taste 怪味道
2） 独特的、固有的
eg：This custom is peculiar in Scotland.
这种风俗是在苏格兰特有。
eg：Each person's fingerprints are peculiar to himself. 
每个人的指纹都是独一无二的。
eg：He has a peculiar accent. 
他的口音很独特。
a theme peculiar to the writer 那位作家特有的主题
＊ theme  [θi:m] n.主题，题目
3) 专门的
his peculiar way of doing things他自己专门的做事方法。
peculiarity  [pikju:læriti] n. 特色；特性；怪癖
the peculiarities of the region 该地区的特征

6. shining adj. 闪闪发光的
shining stars 闪烁的星星、明星
近义词： blazing adj. 闪闪发光
shine
1） v. 照耀、发光 （亮）（shone 、shone）
eg：Her face was shining with joy. 她的脸上闪耀着喜悦
eg：The sun shone brightly.
阳光灿烂地照耀着。
2） n.光 （辉）、光泽
the shine of gold 黄金的光泽
eg：The floor had a good shine.
打蜡地板闪闪发光。
3） n. 磨光、擦亮
eg：Give your shoes a shine.
短语：
rain or shine 无论情雨、不管怎样
take a shine 喜爱、爱上（某人）
shiny 晴朗的 ； a shiny morning
shine 发光 ； glare 闪耀光, 刺眼
flash 闪光, 闪现； sparkle 闪耀, 火花
twinkle 闪烁，闪耀；闪闪发光 ； shimmer 闪烁，微微发亮

7. oarfish n. 桨鱼
oar 桨 ； pull a good oar 船划得很好
eg：He is a good oar.
他是一个好划手。
put one’s oar in ＝ shove one’s oar in ＝ stick one’s oar in 多管闲事
eg：I know how to mend a fuse and I don’t need you shoving your oar in .
我知道怎么用保险丝，不需要你来管。

【课文讲解】
1. Fishermen and sailors sometimes claim to have seen monsters in the sea.
※ claim
1）vt. 认领，索取：
eg: Has anyone claimed the child/wallet?
有人来认领这孩子/钱包了吗？
eg: I lost my umbrella, but claimed it at the lost property office. 
我把伞丢了，后来在失物招领处认领回来了。 
2）vt. 声称，断言：
eg: He claims to have written the article in two days. 
他声称只用两天就把文章写成了。
eg: He claimed that Tom had stolen his wallet.
他断言汤姆偷了他的钱包。
3）要求
eg: He can fairly claim to have more. 
他可以正当地要求多给些。 
4）claim （for sth）索赔，索取
eg: Have you claimed (for) the insurance yet?
你索取保险金了吗？
5）claim sth back 索回，要回某物
eg: You can claim your money back if the goods are damaged.
如果货物有损坏，你可以索回退钱。
6）claim （to sth）n. 对某事物的权利/要求
eg: His claim to ownership is invalid.
他对所有权的要求是无效的。
eg: He has the best claim to the honour. 
  他最有资格获得这荣誉。 
have no claim on sth.  对…无权要求 
eg: You have no claim on my sympathy.
你没有要我同情的权利.
to have seen 是不定式的完成式结构。不定式的完成式用于不定式的动作发生在谓语动作之前的情况：
eg: I'm sorry to have taken up so much of your time.
对不起，占了你这么长时间。
eg: I'm glad to have met your family.
我很高兴见到了你的家里人。
eg: She seemed to have cleaned the room.
她似乎已打扫过房间了。
不定式的完成式常用于believe，declare，find，say，see，know，think，understand 等动词后（这些动词常用被动语态）：
eg: She is believed/said/found to have gone to Australia.
人们确认/说/发现她已经去了澳大利亚。
eg: He is thought/believed to have been killed in an air crash.
人们认为他在一次空难中丧生了。
不定式的完成式与表示意图、希望等的动词连用时有独特的含义：
eg: I meant/intended to have invited him, but I forgot to do so.
我本想/本打算邀请他的，可是我忘记了。
eg: I hope/plan to have finished by 12.
我希望/计划到12点钟以前就已完成。（相当于将来完成时）

2. Though people have often laughed at stories told by seamen, it is now known that many of these 'monsters' which have at times been sighted are simply strange fish.
※ laugh v. 大笑、笑出声
eg：Everybody laughed when the circus clown made his appearance.
当马戏团出场时人们大笑起来。
laugh at
1） 嘲笑
eg：Don’t laugh at a person who is in trouble .
2） 因……而发笑
laugh at a funny story 一个有趣的故事
laugh away 付之一笑
eg：He laugh away her fears.
他对她的恐惧付之一笑
eg：He laughed away her doubts.
他对她的疑虑付之一笑
laugh to oneself 独自发笑
laugh a ……laugh 发出…….方式的笑
laugh a hearty laugh 放声大笑 、由衷地笑
laugh a bitter laugh 苦笑
laughter n. 笑声
burst into laughter ＝ break into laughter 放声大笑
※ it is known that 众所周知……
it is said that 有人说, 据说 ； it is reported that 据报导
it is rumored that 据传闻； it is announced that 据宣布……
it is arranged that 据称(有人宣称) ； it is decided that 已经决定
it is stressed that 强调指出
it is expected that 人们期望(是可能发生的, 是可以预期的)
eg：It is known that he is a good player.
据了解，他是一个好球员
eg：It is reported that the number of wild animals in Africa is decreasing.
据报导，野生动物的数量在非洲正在减少
※ at times ＝ sometimes 有时候
eg：At times I go out to the beach.
有时我出去到海滩

eg：At times I feel that he is not honest.
有时我觉得他不诚实。
eg：He comes to see us at times.
他有时来看我们。
eg：I like Bob but he's very annoying at times. 
我喜欢鲍勃，但是他有时也很烦人。
at a time 一次、同时、连续地
Take two pills at a time 每次服两粒
eg：We cannot do two things at a time .
在同一时间我们不能做两件事情。
sleep for hours at a time 连续睡了几个小时
at one time一度，从前
eg: At one time I used to go swimming every summer.
我有一度每到夏天就去游泳
at the time 那个时候，在那段时间
eg: I agreed at the time, but later changed my mind.
我刚刚同意了，但后来又变了主意
at all times 随时，永远
eg: I am at your service at all times.
我随时为您效劳。
※simply
1）adv. 简单地；只不过
eg: Explain it as simply as you can
尽可能简单地解释一下。
eg: It is simply a question of time. 
 这只不过是个时间问题。
2）adv. 朴素地，朴实地
eg: They live very simply. 
 他们生活得很简朴。
simply dressed 衣着朴素
3） adv. 简直；完全
eg: The noise was simply terrible. 
 吵闹声简直可怕极了。 
4) adv. 只是；唯有
eg: I don't like cycling; I do it simply to get to work. 
我并不喜欢骑车，我骑车只是为了上班。

3. Occasionally, unusual creatures are washed to the shore, but they are rarely caught out at sea.
※ be washed to the shore 被冲到岸上来
wash one’s hands 洗手
eg：Have you ever seen a cat washing itself？
你见过猫自己洗澡吗？
eg：The man was washed overboard by a big wave.
那个男子被大浪从船上卷入水里。
wash up （wash the dishes） 洗碗
eg：I’ll wash up tonight .
今天晚上我洗碗。
※ be caught out 被捕捉到

4. Some time ago, however, a peculiar fish was caught near Madagascar. A small fishing boat was carried miles out to sea by the powerful fish as it pulled on the line.
※ be carried miles out to sea 被拖到了几英里以外的海面
carry out
1） 搬出
eg：Would you please carry the chair out the garden？
2）实行,执行；完成,实现
carry out one’s duty 履行职责
eg：The plan should be carried out immediately.
该计划应立即实行。
pull on the line 咬住钩
pull on 用拉方式穿上（衣服等）（反义词：pull off）
line
1） 绳、线
a fishing line 钓鱼线 ； a telephone line 电话线
2） 行、排
a line of trees 一排树
3） 短函 drop sb a line 写封简短的信给某人
4） 职业 What’s your line/job？
你是做什么职业的？
read between the lines 领悟言外之意
take one’s own line 干自己的本行
have a line on 得到有关某事物情报、打听到关于

5. Realizing that this was no ordinary fish, the fisherman made every effort not to damage it in any way.
※realizing 认识，明白；实现，使变为现实（现在分词做短语）
realize
1) 认识到，了解到
realize one's mistake认识到自己的错误
eg：I fully realize why you did it.
我完全了解你为什么要做这事。
2) 实现（计划，愿望等）（常用于被动语态）
realize one's hopes 实现自己的希望
realize one's ambitions 实现自己的抱负
Today his wish is realized. 今天他的愿望实现了。
3) 变卖（财产，兑现股票等）
realize one's assets变卖自己的财产
eg：Can these bonds be realized at short notice?
这些债券能在短期内兑现吗？
4) 某物买得某价格
realize sth(on sth)
eg：How much did you realize on those paintings?
那些画你卖了多少钱？
※ no ordinary fish ＝ not an ordinary fish （no 的否定意味更强）
不是一条普通的鱼
ordinary 平常的，正常的，普通的
ordinary people like you and me 你我之类的老百姓
an ordinary meal 平常的晚餐
in the ordinary way 就通常情况而言
eg：In the ordinary way he would have come with us, but he's not feeling well
在一般情况下他都和我们在一起，只是现在他身体不太舒服。
out of the ordinary不同凡响，例外的
eg：Her new house is certainly out of the ordinary.
她的新居真是不同凡响。
※ make every effort to do 尽一切努力做某事
make an effort 努力
make no effort 根本不努力
with effort费力地
without effort毫不费力地
eg：She wrote the letter with/without effort
她费力地/毫不费力地写了那封信。

6. When it was eventually brought to shore, it was found to be over thirteen feet long. It had a head like a horse, big blue eyes, shining silver skin, and a bright red tail. The fish, which has since been sent to a museum where it is being examined by a scientist, is called an oarfish.
定语从句套定语从句：
eg：This was the first time that I had serious trouble with my boss who got into a temper .
这是第一次，跟我那发脾气的老板产生磨差擦。
※ eventually 最终地，最后地
eg：He fell ill and eventually died.
他患病而最终不治。
eg：thirteen feet long
thirteen feet high
thirteen feet wide
eg：The fish is two feet in length.
这条鱼有两英尺长。
eg：The fish is one feet in width
eg：The fish is one feet in height
※ call sb 认为、看做、叫做
eg：I call him a fool.
我叫他傻瓜
eg：Do you call that a hat ？
你把那个叫帽子吗？

7. Such creatures have rarely been seen alive by man as they live at a depth of six hundred feet.
※ rarely adv. 很少（seldom）
eg：I rarely meet him now . 我很少见到他
放在句首倒装：
eg：Rarely do I dream these days . 这些天我很少做梦。
※ at a depth of …….. 的深度
※ alive表语形容词，放在名词的后面。只能做后置定语,放在系动词后,如is的后面,也不可用程度副词修饰，.大多数以a开头的形容词都属于这一类。，afraid，alike，alive，alone，asleep，awake 等。
alive and kicking (活得)好好得
A: How is your boyfriend doing?
A: 你的男朋友好不好啊?
B: Still alive and kicking. Thank you.
B: (他)活得好好得! 谢谢。
alive、live、living都有“活的、有生命的”意思，与dead意义相反。但live通常只作前置定语，且一般用于动物；alive、living不仅可作定语（alive只能置于名词后；living一般置于名词前，也可置于名词后），也可以作表语。
eg: This is a live(=living) fish.(=This is a fish alive.)
这是一条活鱼。（指动物，且作定语时，三者均可用）
eg: Who"s the greatest man alive (=living man)?
谁是当今最伟大的人物？（指人，不能用live）
eg: The fish is still alive(=living)
那条鱼还活着。（指动物作表语时不能用live）。
living主要指在某个时候是活着的，而alive指本来有死的可能，但仍活着的。而且，作主语补足语或宾语补足语时，只能用alive；作比喻义（如“活像。。。”、“活生生的”等）解时，要用living。
如：
eg: The enemy officer was caught alive.(作主语补足语，不用living）
那位敌方军官被活捉了。
eg: We found the snake alive. (作宾语补足语，不用living）
eg: He is the living image of his father.(比喻义，不用alive）
他活象他父亲。
只有living前加the方可表示“活着的人”，作主语时，视作复数。
eg: The living are more important to us than the dead.
活着的人对我们来说比死去的人更重要。

6. make effort to do sth
7. in any way
8. shining sliver skin
9. at a depth of

【关键词组摘录】
1. claim to do sth
2. laugh at
3. It is known that…
4. at times
5. catch sb/sth out

【Key structures：被动语态系统复习】
被动语态 ： be + v. –ed 时通过be 表现出来
一般现在时
eg：You’re wanted on the phone.
有你的电话
一般过去时
eg：The conference was held in August.
这次会议是八月召开的。
一般将来时
eg：You won’t be allowed to take so much luggage with you.
你不会被允许带这么多行李。
现在（过去）进行时
eg：A new railway is being built.
一条新铁路正在建造之中。
eg：The rods were being widened.
路那时正在加宽
现在完成时或过去完成时
eg：The book has been translated into many languages.
这本书已被译成多种语言。
eg：Production costs had been greatly reduced .
生产成本这时大大降低了。
一般时态：
现在 ： am / is / are + v. – ed
过去 ： was / were + v. – ed
将来 ： shall / will + be + v. – ed
过去将来 ： should （would）+be + v. – ed
进行时态：
现在 ： am / is / are + being + v. – ed
过去 ： was / were + being + v. – ed
将来 ： will / shall be being + v. – ed
完成时态：
现在 ： have（has） been + v. – ed
过去 ： had been + v. – ed
将来 ： shall / will have been + v. – ed
过去将来 ： should / would have been + v. – ed

【Special Difficulties】
区别: laugh / laugh at , wash / wash up
Laugh and Laugh at
laugh v. 笑
eg: Everybody laughed when the circus clown made his appearance.
laugh at 嘲笑……
eg: Don’t laugh at me.
Wash and Wash up
wash
① v. 洗，洗涤
eg: I must get up and wash.
wash oneself 洗澡
eg: Sally can almost wash herself now.
② v. 冲走，卷走
eg: Occasionally, unusual creatures are washed to the shore.
eg: The little wooden house was washed away by the floods.
wash up
① v. 洗餐具
eg: When you phoned, she was busy washing up (the dishes).
② v. 把……冲上岸
eg: The dead body of a huge fish has been washed up on the shore.

Exercise ：选择正确的词或词组填空：
1. What a lot of dirty plates ！Who is going to wash up ？
2. Don’t wear that hat. People will laugh at you .
3. The bridge was washed away by the river .
4. We all laughed when he told us a funny story .
5. The boy was told to wash his hands before sitting at table .

Exercises
1. They claim a monsters in the sea .
a. that they have seen b. have seen c. to be seen d. to being seen
2. People often laugh at stories d told by seamen .
a. which b. which have c. which have being d. which have been
3. People have often laughed at there stories .They a .
a. haven’t taken them seriously
b. enjoye