新人教版八年级英语下册第一单元知识点(2).doc

Unit 1 What’s the matter?
一．询问某人患了何种疾病或遇到什么麻烦时，常用以下句型：
1.What’s the matter （with sb）? 2. What’s the trouble / problem（with sb）?
3.What’s wrong （with sb）? 你怎么了？ 4. What’s one’s trouble / problem ？
5.What’s up ? 6. What happened to sb ?
7.Are you OK ? 8. Is there anything wrong with sb ?
二．表达身体不适或疼痛时，常用以下结构：
1.Sb + have /has + a / an + 疾病名称： have a cold / fever / cough / temperature
2.Sb + have/ has a sore +身体部位： have a sore throat / back
3.Sb + have / has+ a+ 身体部位—ache have a toothache /headache / stomachache / earache /backache
4.Sb + hurt(s) +身体部位/ oneself ; He hurt his leg .
或 身体部位+ hurts ; My head hurts badly .
5.There is something wrong with one’s +身体部位。
6.Sb +have /has a pain in one’s + 身体部位
三．情态动词 should / should’t 的用法：意为“应该，应当 ”后接动词原形，无人称和数的变化。
通常表示提出意见或建议，义务和责任，还可表示命令责备或要求等语气;
1. You should lie down and rest .
2.You should’t eat so much next time .
3. What should I do ?
4. Should I put some medicine on it ？ ----Yes ,you should ./ No, you should’ t.
Section A
1.sore adj. 疼痛的 可作定语或表语 She has a sore throat / back . My leg is very sore .
2.back n. 后面，背面 He sat at the back of the classroom. adv . 回 （原处） come back
3. lie vi. 躺，卧---lay. lain.lying lie down 躺下
撒谎 ---lied.lied .lying You are lying to me .
n. 谎言假话 tell a lie / lies
lay vt. .---laid .laid. laying 产卵 下蛋 放置
4. rest 休息 v./n. You should rest for a few days . 动词用法
get some rest= have(take) a rest /a break / breaks休息一下 名词用法
5. to one ‘s surprise 使某人惊讶的是 常作插入语，位于句首
To his surprise,she failed the exam .
in surprise 吃惊地
surprising ----物 What surprising news !
Surprised---- 人be surprised to do / be surprised at sth / be surprised that…
6. much too+ 形容词或副词， 太...... ， too many+可数名词复数，太多……
too much+不可数名词，太多 …也可做副词 talk/speak/eat/ too much
7. enough形容、副词,足够的/地，(1) enough +名词; enough water
(2) 形副+ enough ; good enough
8. sound like+名词代词和从句：听起来像
It sounds like you don’t know the truth.. It sounds like a good idea.
Sound( look/feel/taste/smell )+形容词 听起来... eg. The music sounds nice.
9. need (1).需要，实义动词 人作主语 need+sth，需要某物； need (sb)to do sth.需要做某事，
(2). 物作主语；sth needs doing/ to be done ; The room needs cleaning /to be cleaned.
(3) 情态动词,多用于否定句或疑问句 Need I stay here ?---Yes, you must . /No, you need’t.
10. agree 同意，赞同---disagree(反义词) agree with sb. 同意某人 agree to do. 同意做某事
11. right away =right now =at once，意为 马上 。
12. advice (不可数n.)建议,意见 a piece of advice 一条建议 some advice 一些建议
give sb. advice on sth./ take one’s advice
advise v. advise sb. to do sth. 建议某人做某事 （不定式做宾语补足语）
advise doing sth.建议做某事 （动名词作宾语）
13. hurt 及物动词（vt.），使……疼痛，……受伤，He hurt his leg . He hurt her feelings.
不及物动词（vi.)，……（部位）疼。 His leg hurt badly.
14. hit ---hit（过去式）（用手或器具）打；击打 The boy hit the dog with a stone.
hit sb. on the head/ nose/ back 打某人的头、鼻子、后背，on 用在所打较硬的部位；
hit sb. in the face/ eye/ stomach 打某人的脸、眼睛、肚子，in 用在所打较软的部位。
当名词用时；get hit on the head 头部受到撞击
15. see sb doing sth 看见某人正在做某事（强调瞬间动作） I saw a boy playing football near my home.
See sb do sth 看见某人做某事（强调整个过程） We saw him cross the road.
16.shout to sb向某人喊话
shout at sb 冲某人叫喊（贬义）
shout for help 大声呼救
17. expect sb to do sth期待某人去做某事。
18.think about（+doing）考虑 think of 想起，认为 think over 仔细考虑 think up 想出
19.fall down（+from）摔倒，跌倒 fall behind 落后，跟不上 fall into落入… fall asleep 入睡
fall in love with 爱上 fall off… 从……跌落下来
20.重点语法
【反身代词】英语中共有八个反身代词，在使用时应注意和它所指的相应的对象在人称、性别、数上保持一致。
数 人称
第一人称
第二人称
第三人称
单数
myself
yourself
himself herself itself
复数
ourselves
yourselves
themselves
 用在某些固定短语当中。
如： look after oneself / take care of oneself 照顾自己
teach oneself sth./ learn sth. by oneself自学
enjoy oneself 玩得高兴，过得愉快
help oneself to sth 请自用……（随便吃/喝些……）.
hurt oneself摔伤自己
say to oneself自言自语
leave sb. by oneself把某人单独留下
buy oneself sth.给自己买……东西
introduce oneself 介绍……自己 
【提醒】
1. 反身代词不能单独做主语，但可以做主语的同位语，起强调作用。
如：我自己能完成作业。
（误）Myself can finish my homework.
(正) I myself can finish my homework. / I can finish my homework myself.
2. 反身代词表示“某人自己”不能表示“某人的东西”，因为它没有所有格的形式。
表达“某人自己的（东西）”时，须要用one’s own.
如：我用我自己的蜡笔画画。
（误）I’m drawing with myself crayons. (正) I’m drawing with my own crayons.
作同位语；Did you make the cake yourself ? 做表语 I’m not myself today .
21.trouble (不可数)；苦恼，问题
be in trouble 处于困境
get into trouble陷入困境
make trouble 制造麻烦
have trouble / difficulties / problems (in) doing sth 做......有麻烦 做某事有困难
22.put …… on sth 在某物上放……
put some medicine on the cut (伤口)
put a bandage on it 在它上面放绷带
23. in the same way 以同样的方式 on the way to 在去……的路上
in the way 挡路 out of the way 不再碍事
by the way 顺便说一下 in this way 用这种方法
in a way 在某种程度上
24.短语 too much 太多 lie down 躺下
put some medicine on ......在....上敷药 have a fever 发烧
take breaks /take a break 休息 without thinking twice 没多
get off 下车 take sb to the hospital 送某人去医院
wait for等待 to one’s surprise 使.......惊讶的
in time及时 think about 考虑
have a heart problem患有心脏病 get into the trouble 遇到麻烦
do the right thing做正确的事情事情 fall down 摔倒
put ...... on sth把...放在某物上 get hit/sunburned 摔伤/烧伤
be interested in 对.....感兴趣 be used to 习惯于....
take risks/take a risk 挑战 lose one’s life 失去生命
because of 因为 run out of 用完
cut off 切除 get out of 从...出来
make a decision/decisions 做决定 be in control of 掌管；管理
give up 放弃 get an X-ray 拍X 光片
take one’s temperature 量体温 hot tea w ith honey 加蜂蜜的热茶
see a dentist 看牙医 get off 下车---get on 上车
all weekend 整个周末 away from 远离
for too long 太长时间 on the side of the road 在马路边
without thinking twice 没多想 get sunburned 被晒伤
have a heart problem有心脏病 feel very hot 感到很热
have a nosebleed 流鼻血 cut his knee 割伤他的膝盖
put her head back 把她的头向后仰 save a life 挽救生命
on time 准时 do the right thing 做正确的事
go mountain climbing 去爬山
go to a doctor =go to see a doctor = go to the doctor’s 看医生
thanks to 多亏,由于（=because of =with the help of）
Section B
1.sick adj.① 生病的，有病的。作表语和定语 。ill只能作表语 be /feel sick =be ill ②恶心的 I feel a little sick.
③ 厌倦的 be sick of I’m sick of running .
2. be used to sth./ doing sth.习惯于…适应做某事…(be强调状态 = get = become强调渐变过程)
He is used to getting up early .
be used to do sth = be used for sth /doing被用于做某事 （被动语态）
Wood is used to make houses .
Used to do sth 过去常常做某事 He used to go to work by bus .
3. take a risk = take risks 冒险 the risk of sth /doing……的风险
risk (sb.) to do sth. 冒险去做某事 at risk 在危险中
4. in a very dangerous situation 在一种非常危险的情况下
5. sth. run out 某物用完，用尽
When his water run out, he knew that he would have to do something to save his own life.
sb. run out of sth. 人用尽了某物。 He run out of all his money last night.
6．blood 血，不可数n.。a drop of blood 一滴血 -----bloody 有血的，出血的 adj.
7.mean---meant v. ① 意味着做某事 mean doing sth
②打算做 mean to do sth I mean to go tomorrow.
meaning 可数n. 含义 意思。 mean 形容词：小气的，吝啬的
What do you mean by the word ?
= What does the word mean ?
= What is the meaning of the word ?
8.the importance of (doing) sth.（做）某事的重要性
We students should know the importance of (learning) English.
Do you understand the importance of studying hard ?
importance n. 重要（性）， important adj.重要的---unimportant (不)重要的
9. free 形容词：空闲的 free time；免费的 The drink is for free；
自由的 I want to become a free bird.
free【动词】使……解脱，得到自由：He could not free his arm.
10. decision n.决定；抉择； make a decision 做决定
make a decision to do sth.=decide to do sth
= make up one’s ming to do sth =determine to do sth 下决心做某事
11. be in control of …掌管，管理 The headmaster is in control of this new school.
be out of control 无法控制，无法管理 under control 在控制之下
12. death 名词（不）---die 动词----dead 形容词---dying 形容词 ：垂死的，临终的
He is afraid of death . She died two years ago . The dog is dead . It is a dying bird.
13. give up (doing) sth. 放弃（做）某事，
give up (playing) computer games / Never give up easily.
14.so that 以便，为的是 （当主句与从句主语一致是= in order to =so as to ）
He worked hard so that he could succeed. = …… in order to / so as to …….
15. be interested in = take an interest in 对…感兴趣
16. keep on doing sth 继续做某事，重复做…(有间隔)
keep doing sth (无间断)
keep sb doing sth 使某人一直做某事
keep sb from doing sth 阻止某人做某事
17. cut off 切断 cut down 砍到 cut up 切碎
cut in 插入插话 cut out 删掉 cut 。。。into… 把…切成…
18.mind doing sth 介意做某事
19.lose one’s way = get lost 迷路 lose to sb 输给某人
20.almost 几乎，差不多。指程度上的空间距离，时间长短等
用于be,助动词，情态动词后，使役动词前