英语四级作文典型类型.pptx
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1、n常见题型结构与模板常见题型结构与模板n一、观点论证型一、观点论证型n二、利弊选择型二、利弊选择型n三、现象解释型三、现象解释型n四、途径方法型四、途径方法型n五、记叙文五、记叙文n六、应用文六、应用文n一、观点论证型一、观点论证型n体裁介绍体裁介绍n观点论证型作文,是指命题要求考生根据题目给出的论点,按照所给提纲的结构要求对其进行论证,然后表明自己的立场和观点,通过摆事实、讲道理的方式论述事理,发表意见,确立或否定某一主张。n审题思路审题思路可以按照以下步骤写作:n表明观点,提出论点;n论证观点,以事实和数据为依据,例证论点;n得出结论或表明个人看法与做法。n真题分析(09年12月)nDir
2、ections:For this part,you are allowed thirty minutes to write a composition on the topic Creating a Green Campus.You should write at least 120 words according to the outline given below in Chinese.n1.建设绿色校园很重要n2.绿色校园不仅指绿色的环境n3.为了建设绿色校园,我们应该n【审题审题】n这是一篇典型的观点论证型文章,可根据提纲将其分为三部分:第一段引入绿色校园的概念并指出建设绿色校园的重要
3、性;第二段深入阐释绿色校园所包含的绿色环境和精神文明两个方面;第三段阐述个人观点,呼吁大学生自身、学校、政府以及社会各界共同努力,采取有效措施,共建绿色校园。n【范文范文】nCreating a Green Campus During recent years,the topic of a green campus,which has aroused widely public attention,is becoming more and more popular.Undoubtedly,a green campus,the indispensable part for the develop
4、ment of college students,has a profound impact on both individuals and society,for its significance cannot be neglected.A green environment,rather than anything else,plays a decisive role in the growth of college students.Meanwhile,it should also be mentioned that a green campus includes not only th
5、e places where the students live,but also the mental environment.Without green surrounding,the soul of students could be not as pure as we wish.In that case,in no place other than campus should we attempt to make a green atmosphere.Due to the seriousness of the situation,it is crucial for us to take
6、 effective measures to create a green campus.In the first place,its essential that law and regulations should be worked out and enforced by the government and authorities.Furthermore,it is high time that we enhanced the awareness of the students themselves.Only in this way can we get satisfactory re
7、sults.With these measures taken,it is reasonable for us to believe that a green campus will be achieved in the near future.n模板模板nNowadays/Recently,_is a common thing/has gradually become a concern for many.For example,_.All these_.nThere are different attitudes/views towards _.Some people believe/ha
8、ve the idea that _;while others view differently/find it hard to agree;they say/contend that _;And some others _.nFrom my point of view/As far as I am concerned,I prefer/I would rather _.As long as/With the development of/_,well definitely/I am confident that _in the end.n二、利弊选择型二、利弊选择型n体裁介绍体裁介绍n利弊选
9、择型作文要求能对一个论题的正反两个方面利弊选择型作文要求能对一个论题的正反两个方面加以阐述分析,进一步做出选择,推导出自己认为合理加以阐述分析,进一步做出选择,推导出自己认为合理的解决该问题的模式。的解决该问题的模式。n审题思路审题思路n可以分四个步骤来写:可以分四个步骤来写:n第一段:开头段,简述事件。第一段:开头段,简述事件。n第二段:阐述提纲中列举的第一种看法,给出理由或者第二段:阐述提纲中列举的第一种看法,给出理由或者举例说明:举例说明:主题句理由主题句理由/举例举例1+1+理由理由/举例举例2+2+理由理由/举例举例3 3n第三段:阐述提纲中列举的另一种看法,给出理由或者第三段:阐述
10、提纲中列举的另一种看法,给出理由或者举例说明:举例说明:主题句理由主题句理由/举例举例1+1+理由理由/举例举例2+2+理由理由/举例举例3 3n第四段:表明自己的观点,结束全文。第四段:表明自己的观点,结束全文。n真题分析真题分析 (20112011年年6 6月月)nDirections:For this part,you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay on the topic of Online Shopping.You should write at least 120 words following the outline
11、given below:n1现在网上购物已成为一种时尚n2网上购物有很多好处,但也有不少问题n3我的建议Online ShoppingNowadays,with the rapid development ofInternet technology,online shopping is cominginto fashion,especially among young people.It goes without saying that online shopping is beneficial to consumers and retailers alike in more than one
12、 way.For consumers,it is time-and energy-saving to purchase whatever they want on the Internet at a much lower price.For retailers,they can save lots of costs that are originally used to rent a store compared with traditional market sale./However,despite the many benefits brought by online shopping,
13、there are still some defects that cannot be ignored.For one thing,lack of face-to-face communication makes online shopping less reliable and trustworthy.For another,some merchants with evil motives may provide false information,which makes it time-consuming to identify the commodity.n From my perspe
14、ctive,the benefits of online shopping outweigh its defects,and to refuse to eat for fear of choking is always an unwise choice.One of the effective measures is to carry out relevant laws to regulate the online trading activities.Only when a harmonious Internet environment is established can we enjoy
15、 the pleasure and convenience of online shopping.n模版模版nWhen asked about/When it comes to,different people will offer different opinions.Some people take it for granted that观点一观点一In their opinion,理由理由一一.Besides,理由二理由二.nHowever,others hold that观点二观点二They maintain that理由一理由一And理由二理由二nWeighing up these
16、two arguments,I am for the first opinion/choice.For one thing/On the one hand,我的理由一我的理由一For another/On the other hand,我我的理由二的理由二For instance,举例说明理由二举例说明理由二Therefore,as stated above,重申观点重申观点 n三、现象解释型三、现象解释型n体裁介绍体裁介绍n现象解释型作文命题要明确描述社会生活中存在的一种现象解释型作文命题要明确描述社会生活中存在的一种现象,要求考生说明该现象反映的社会问题,解释该现现象,要求考生说明该现象反
17、映的社会问题,解释该现象存在或发生的原因。象存在或发生的原因。n审题思路审题思路n可以分为三部分:可以分为三部分:n第一部分描述现象,引起话题;第一部分描述现象,引起话题;n第二部分对现象做细致的分析,解释现象发生或变化的第二部分对现象做细致的分析,解释现象发生或变化的原因;原因;n第三部分针对现象做出评论,表明自己的态度、观点或第三部分针对现象做出评论,表明自己的态度、观点或做法,以及如何在日常生活中有效地发扬该现象的优势做法,以及如何在日常生活中有效地发扬该现象的优势或消除这种现象或其不利方面。或消除这种现象或其不利方面。n图表说明型作文,也可根据命题要求将文章分为三部分:图表说明型作文,
18、也可根据命题要求将文章分为三部分:n第一部分描述图表中数据的主要趋势,对数据进行分析第一部分描述图表中数据的主要趋势,对数据进行分析比较,总结归纳图表内容所呈现的主要特征;比较,总结归纳图表内容所呈现的主要特征;n第二段对现象和变化做细致的分析,解释现象发生或变第二段对现象和变化做细致的分析,解释现象发生或变化的原因;化的原因;n第三段针对现象和变化做出结论。第三段针对现象和变化做出结论。n真题分析 (2010年6月)Directions:For this part,you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay on the topic o
19、f Due Attention Should Be Given to Spelling.You should write at least 120 words following the outline given below:1.如今不少学生在英语学习中不重视拼写2.出现这种情况的原因3.为了改变这种状况,我认为Due Attention Should Be Given to Spelling Nowadays,an increasing number of students seem to attach less importance to spelling in English lear
20、ning.Thus,numerous misspellings appear in their papers,and whats worse,a well-organized essay is cast into the shade.There are various reasons responsible for this embarrassing situation.For one thing,more and more students give priorities to oral English at the cost of doing less spelling exercises
21、.For another,many teachers put so much emphasis on communication and grammar teaching that they seldom highlight spelling.To change this situation,I hold to the belief that students and teachers should work together.On the one hand,teachers should pay more attention to spelling teaching,focusing on
22、pronunciation and word formation,for example.On the other hand,students should stop complaining about spellings and realize correct spelling should be a must in learning any language.Only via joint efforts can students spell words correctly.n真题分析 (1998年1月)nExample 1nDirections:For this part,you are
23、allowed thirty minutes to write a composition on the topic:Harmfulness of Fake Commodities.You should write at least 100 words and you should base your composition on the outline(given in Chinese)below:(98年1月真题)n1.目前社会上有不少假冒伪劣商品(fake commodities);n2.为什么会有这种现象?n3.举例说明假冒伪劣商品对消费者个人、社会等的危害。n【写作思路写作思路】n主
24、题主题 分析假冒伪劣商品的危害。分析假冒伪劣商品的危害。n开头段开头段 指出现象:社会上有不少假冒伪劣产品。指出现象:社会上有不少假冒伪劣产品。n中心段中心段 说明现象存在的原因。说明现象存在的原因。n 假冒伪劣商品可以为生产商带来巨大的利润。假冒伪劣商品可以为生产商带来巨大的利润。n 市场监管力度不够。市场监管力度不够。n 购买到假冒伪劣商品的消费者很难从有关部门获得购买到假冒伪劣商品的消费者很难从有关部门获得帮助。帮助。n结论段结论段 伪劣商品危害消费者个人和社会等,必须坚决伪劣商品危害消费者个人和社会等,必须坚决打击假冒伪劣产品。打击假冒伪劣产品。n 假冒伪劣商品给消费者造成巨大的损失。
25、假冒伪劣商品给消费者造成巨大的损失。n 假冒伪劣商品危害人们的健康,甚至是生命。假冒伪劣商品危害人们的健康,甚至是生命。n 必须采取措施打击假冒伪劣商品,这样才能生活得必须采取措施打击假冒伪劣商品,这样才能生活得更好。更好。n【范文范文】nHarmfulness of Fake CommoditiesnNowadays,there is an increasingly serious social problem of fake commodities.It is common that all kinds of fake commodities are sold in the market.
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