2019年北京市中考英语试题(word版-含解析).doc

英语试卷
姓名 准考证号 考场号 座位号

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1. 本试卷共10页，共五道大题，39道小题，满分60分，考试时问90分钟。
2. 在试卷和草稿纸上准确填写姓名、准考证号、考场号和座位号。
3. 试题答案一律填涂或书写在答题卡上，在试卷上作答无效。
4. 在答题卡上，选择题用2B铅笔作答，其他试题用黑色字迹签字笔作答。
5. 考试结束，请将本试卷、答题卡和草稿纸一并交回。
知识运用(共1 4分)
一、单项填空(共6分，每小题0.5分)
从下面各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选择可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
答案：1—5 BCADC
1. Mr. Wang is coming to our school. I can’t wait to see .
A. her B. him C. it D. them
解析：Mr. Wang表示“王先生”，指男性，故用him。
2. We planted some flowers the garden yesterday.
A. on B. to C. in D. of
解析：指在花园里，介词用in。
3. — Excuse me, is this T-shirt?
— It’s 88 yuan.
A. how much B. how many C. how long D. how old
解析：：由答句可知，问句问的是价钱，故用how much。how many询问数量，修饰可数名词复数；how long询问长度；how old询问年龄。
4. — Lily, _____ you finish the letter in ten minutes?
— Yes, I can.
A. must B. should C. need D. can
解析：由答句中的“I can”可知，此处是问你能在10分钟之内完成这封信吗，故用can。
5. This cap is nice, it doesn’t look good on me.
A. for B. so C. but D. or
解析：句意：这个帽子很漂亮，但我戴着它不好看。空格前后内容之间存在转折关系，故用but。
答案：6—10 BADDA
6. Julie takes good care of the family dog. She is than her brother.
A. patient B. more patient
C. most patient D. the most patient
解析：由句子中的“than her brother”可推知，此处要用patient比较级。
7. Sam with his friends every weekend.
A. skates B. is skating C. has skated D. was skating
解析：由时间状语“every weekend”可推知，句子要用一般现在时。
8. — Tom, what’s your dad doing?
— He my bike.
A. repairs B. will repair C. has repaired D. is repairing
解析：问句句意：汤姆，你爸爸正在做什么？由问句可知，答句要用现在进行时。
9. Our school life a lot since 2017. We have more activities now.
A. changes B. changed C. will change D. has changed
解析：由句子中的时间状语“since 2017”可推知，句子要用现在完成时。
10. If you want to visit the Palace Museum, I tickets for you tomorrow.
A. will book B. booked C. have booked D. was booking
解析：在if引导的条件句中，从句用一般现在时，主句用一般将来时。
答案：11—12 CB
11. My advice on how to save paper by my class last Monday.
A. accepts B. accepted C. was accepted D. is accepted
解析：由句子中的时间状语“last Monday”可推知，句子要用一般过去时。
12. — Did you notice in her office?
— Yes. She was going over our writing.
A. what was Miss Lin doing B. what Miss Lin was doing
C. what does Miss Lin do D. what Miss Lin does
解析：由答句可推知，问句要用过去进行时；又由空格处的内容在句子中作notice的宾语，
如果宾语时句子，则要用陈序语序，故选B。
二、完形填空(共8分，每小题1分)
阅读下面的短文，掌握其大意，然后从短文后各题所给的A、B、C、D 四个选项中，选择最佳选项。
Run for Class President

Two months ago, when our class election(选举) started, I decided to run for class president. I enjoyed speaking in public and got along well with people, so I felt it easy to win. But I was
13 that people would feel bad for me if I lost.
I was busy preparing in the following week. My plan wasn’t to make promises to do things I couldn’t 14 but to show my class why I wanted to be president. I put up my posters in hallways and in the classroom. I also spent three hours writing my speech, saying that I was the one they could turn to whenever they had a problem. Since I was 15 prepared, I felt that my chances of winning were strong.
However, when I gave my speech on Election Day, the response(反应) wasn’t what I had ___16 . Few people actually listened. When it was my opponent’s(对手的) turn, everyone was screaming his name. His speech was short, but all to the point. By then, I realized I should have made mine shorter and clearer.
It was obvious who would 17 . For the rest of the day, I felt like it was over. I wanted to just go home and cry, but I made it through.
My 18 was right: I didn’t win.
The next day, people were still talking about the election. I just pretended(假装) not to hear. But later, things got better. People 19 about the election and talked to me just as they did before.
I don’t regret putting time and energy into the election because I’ve learned that things aren’t always going the way I expect. And moments of failure like this build 20 —since then I’ve learned to face disappointment and grown stronger.
答案：13—15 BCA
13. A. bored B. afraid C. excited D. hopeful
解析：结合语境及短文倒数第二段可推知，此处指“我”害怕选举失败后，人们对我的感觉会不好。
14. A. compare B. remember C. manage D. repeat
解析：结合空格前后的内容可推知，此处指“我”不会去承诺我不能完成的事。compare意为“比较”，remember意为“记住”，manage意为“完成（困难的事）；勉力完成”，repeat意为“重复”。
15. A. fully B. quickly C. freshly D. physically
解析：结合上文内容可推知，“我”为这次选举做了充分的准备。fully意为“充分地”，quickly意为“讯速地”，freshly意为“刚刚；新近”，physically意为“身体上”。
答案：16—20 DDBAC
16. A. feared B. faced C. mentioned D. pictured
解析：结合第二段“我”的准备以及下文人们对“我”和“我”的对手演讲的不同表现可推知，（人们）的反应并不是我曾经想象的那样。fear意为“害怕”，face意为“面对”，mention意为“提到”，picture意为“想象；设想”。
17. A. insist B. return C. wait D. win
解析：结合第三段人们对“我”和“我”的对手演讲的不同表现以及下文中的“I wanted to just go home and cry, but I made it through.”可推知，此处指谁将会赢（得选举）是很明显的。
18. A. suggestion B. prediction C. direction D. introduction
解析：结合第四段内容以及下文“I didn’t win”可推知，此处指“我”的预测是正确的，我没有赢。suggestion意为“建议”，prediction意为“预测”，direction意为“方向”，introduction意为“介绍”。
19. A. forgot B. wrote C. cared D. discussed
解析：结合下文“talked to me just as they did before”可推知，此处指人们似乎已经忘记了选举的事儿了。
20. A. trust B. pride C. character D. support
解析：结合下文“since then I’ve learned to face disappointment and grown stronger”可推知，此处指像这样的失败时刻培养了我的性格。trust意为“信任”，pride意为“骄傲”，character意为“性格”，support意为“支持”。
阅读理解(共36分)
三、阅读下列短文，根据短文内容，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选择最佳选项。(共26分，每小题2分)
A
Experiencing China
Mike, Canada
I spent three months with my host family(接待家庭) in China. It was a lifetime experience. I was able to experience Chinese living and culture, from basic Tai Chi to Beijing Opera. I even visited a famous traditional Chinese medicine hospital. Now I have a better understanding of Chinese culture.

Joanna, Australia
I stayed with my host family for five months. My host mother is a Chinese teacher and she is really warm-hearted. With her help, my Chinese has improved a lot. And I have got used to a new culture. My favorite part of the experience was sharing my feelings in China with her.

Bill, America
My host mother is a wonderful cook! She makes me all kinds of traditional Chinese dishes. They are tasty and I like them very much. Just like me, my host parents love to learn about different cultures. They often ask me questions about life in America.

Cindy, Germany
Recently I took part in a program to study Chinese. I lived with a host family in China for six months. My host sister is a really hardworking student. It was amazing to see how she made progress in English. And a close relationship has developed between us.
答案：21—23 ACD
21. Who visited a traditional Chinese medicine hospital?
A. Mike. B. Joanna. C. Bill. D. Cindy.
解析：由“Mike, Canada”部分的第四句可知答案。
22. How long did Joanna stay with her host family in China?
A. Three months. B. Four months.
C. Five months. D. Six months.
解析：由“Joanna, Australia”部分的第一句可知答案。
23. Cindy thinks her host sister is .
A. a wonderful cook B. a responsible doctor
C. a warm-hearted teacher D. a hardworking student
解析：由“Cindy, Germany”部分的第三句可知答案。
B
Blue Lightning

Sally loved cars more than anything else. This spring she thought of building a go-kart to enter for the Go-Go Race. So she asked her dad for help.
“Well,” he said. “How about this: you do some research first and then come back to me with a design.”
A week later, Sally brought her notes and drawings to Dad. She named her go-kart “Blue Lightning”. Dad looked over her work, thinking. “Well, that’s interesting,” he said. “Have a try. Just build Blue Lightning as you’ve designed.”
Over three weekends of hard work, Sally turned her design into a real, working go-kart and painted it light blue. Dad asked her to take it for a test drive. Sally agreed.
After she did that, Sally drove back to Dad. “Well,” she said. “Now I know why you wanted me to have a test drive.”
“Oh, do you?” he said. “Please share.”
“When I drove fast, there was a lot of pushback,” she said. “I think it’s because of the lightning bolt (闪电) shape.”
“Very good!” Dad said.
“So, why didn’t you tell me about that problem in the first place?” Sally asked.
Dad laughed. “Where’s the fun in that? If you give a man a fish, he’ll eat for a day. But if you teach a man to fish, he’ll eat for a lifetime.”
Sally said, “I see. Anyway, designing is half the fun !”
Dad smiled. “Good. Sometimes, learning happens during the process. We learn how to do something right by doing it a few times first and making mistakes along the way.”
That encouraged Sally and she worked even harder. When she showed Dad her new go-kart, he nodded with pride.
Finally came the race. Sally wasn’t worried about whether she would win—in her mind, she had already won, by building something better than ever before.
答案：24—26 BAD
24. Sally thought of building a go-kart to .
A. practice driving B. enter for a race
C. play with friends D. do some research
解析：由第一段第二句可知答案。
25. What did Sally’s dad ask her to do after she built the go-kart?
A. To have a test drive. B. To take a good rest.
C. To give it a cool name. D. To paint it light blue.
解析：由第四段的第一、二句可知答案。
26. Sally’s story mainly tells us that .
A. winning a race is important
B. fishing brings us a lot of fun
C. driving experience is necessary
D. learning happens during the process
解析：通读全文可推知，Sally在制作go-kart的过程中学到了很多东西，故选D。
C
Sometimes it seems that time is flying. Perhaps it doesn’t need to feel this way. Our experience of time can be possibly changed. By understanding the psychological(心理学的) processes behind our different experiences of time, we might be able to slow down time a little.
One basic law of psychological time is that time seems to slow down when we’re exposed(接触) to new environments and experiences. The law is caused by the relationship between our experience of time and the amount of information our minds process. The more information our minds take in, the slower time seems to pass.
It follows, then, that we have different experiences of time in different situations. In some situations, our life is full of new experiences. Our minds process a lot of information and time seems to slow down. In other situations, we have fewer new experiences and the world around us becomes more and more familiar(熟悉的). We become insensitive to our experience, which means we process less information, and time seems to speed up.
How can we slow down time? Here are two suggestions.
Firstly, since we know that familiarity makes time pass faster, we can expose ourselves to as many new experiences as possible. We can give ourselves new challenges, meet new people, and expose our minds to new information, hobbies and skills. This will increase the amount of information our minds process and expand(增加) our experience of time.
Secondly, and perhaps most effectively, we can give our whole attention to an experience-to what we are seeing, feeling, tasting, smelling or hearing. This means living through our senses rather than through our thoughts. For example, on the way home, focus your attention outside of yourself, instead of thinking about the problems you have to deal with. Look at the sky, or at the buildings you pass, traveling among them. This open attitude to your experiences helps take in more information and also has a time-expanding effect.
To a certain degree, we can understand and control our experience of time passing. It’s possible for us to slow down time by expanding our experience of time.
答案：27—29 BCA
27. According to the writer, we can expand our experience of time by .
A. going to bed on time B. traveling to new places
C. having dinner as usual D. printing the same materials
解析：由第三段后以及由第五段尤其是其的第一句可推知，我们可以通过去新的地方旅行来增加我们对时间的体验。
28. What can we learn from the passage?
A. Being familiar with the world around helps us get more information.
B. Understanding psychological time makes life pass more quickly.
C. We can take in more information by living through our senses.
D. We should build a stronger relationship between time and us.
解析：由第三段的后两句和第一段最后一句可推知，A、B这两个选项与文意不符。通读全文可推知，D项文中并未提及。由倒数第二段尤其是其最后一句可推知B项正确。
29. Which of the following would be the best title for the passage?
A. Slow Down Time B. Only Time Will Tell
C. Race Against Time D. Time Will Not Comc Twice
解析：通读全文可推知，文章主要是关于“让时间变慢”的。
D
How Much Can We Afford to Forget?

In 2018, Science magazine asked some young scientists what schools should teach students. Most said students should spend less time memorizing facts and have more space for creative activities. As the Internet grows more powerful, students can access(获得) knowledge easily. Why should they be required to carry so much of it around in their heads?
Civilizations(文明) develop through forgetting life skills that were once necessary. In the Agricultural(农业的) Age, a farmer could afford to forget hunting skills. When societies industrialized, the knowledge of farming could be safe to forget. Nowadays, smart machines give us access to most human knowledge. It seems that we no longer need to remember most things. Does it matter?
Researchers have recognized several problems that may happen. For one, human beings have biases(偏见), and smart machines are likely to increase our biases. Many people believe smart machines are necessarily correct and objective, but machines are trained through a repeated testing and scoring process. In the process, human beings still decide on the correct answers.
Another problem relates to the ease of accessing information. When there were no computers, efforts were required to get knowledge from other people, or go to the library. We know what knowledge lies in other brains or books, and what lies in our heads. But today, the Internet gives us the information we need quickly. This can lead to the mistaken belief—the knowledge we found was part of what we knew all along.
In a new civilization rich in machine intelligence, we have easy access to smart memory networks where information is stored. But dependency on a network suggests possibilities of being harmed easily. The collapse of any of the networks of relations our well-being(健康) depends upon, such as food and energy, would produce terrible results. Without food we get hungry; without energy we feel cold. And it is through widespread loss of memory that civilizations are at risk of falling into a dark age.
We forget old ways to free