-八年级下册Unit1Helpingthoseinneed.doc

Unit 1 Helping those in need
重点词汇讲解
1. raise v. 筹集；提升；增加
第三人称单数：raises 过去式：raised 过去分词：raised 现在分词：raising
搭配：raise money 筹款；raise money for … 为……筹款 raise one’s voice 提高嗓门；
例如：They raised money for homeless people.
raise price 提高价格；raise one’s spirits 打起精神
raise = keep 有“饲养，抚养”的意思，如：
raise cattle = keep cattle（饲养牲口）和raise children（抚养孩子）

2. permission n. = agreement 准许；批准
搭配：ask permission 报请批准
Write a letter to the head teacher to to raise money.
给校长写一封信请求允许筹钱。
同根词：permit v. = allow you to do it 许可，准许；默许
The guards permitted me to bring my camera and tape recorder.
知识拓展：
(1) 表示请求某人允许自己做某事，通常与动词ask, ask for, request连用。
She asked for permission to leave work early.她请求许可早点下班。
(2) 表示允许某人做某事，通常与动词give连用。
Who gave you permission to come here? 谁准许你到这里来的
(3)表示不允许某人做某事，通常与动词refuse/ deny 连用。
The school has been refused permission to expand.学校扩充未得到允许

3. disabled adj. 丧失能力的；有残疾的
I taught disabled children to sing. 我教残疾的孩子唱歌。
同根词：disable v. = make (sb.) unable to do sth. 使残废，使伤残
He is disabled from voting. 他失去了选举资格。
enable v.  [ɪn'eɪb(ə)l]  = make (sb.) able to do sth. 使（某人）能够做某事
The new test should enable doctors to detect the disease early.
新的检测手段应该能够使医生们尽早查出这种疾病。
搭配：mentally disabled 有智力缺陷 learning disabilities 学习障碍

4. offer v. = be willing to do something 主动提出
搭配： offer to do sth. 主动提出去做某事，愿意做某事
Peter offered to teach them water-skiing. 彼得主动提出教他们滑水。
搭配：offer one’s hand 伸出友好的手 offer sb. sth. 为某人提供某物
They have offered me a large sum of money to go away. 他们曾为我提供一大笔搬迁费
例如：offer sb.主动提出帮助某人；offer sb. a good salary 给某人一个好工资。
Somehow she managed to provide her children with food and clothing.
她总算设法使她的孩子有饭吃，有衣穿。
He offered me a glass of wine. = He offered a glass of wine to me. 他端给我一杯酒。
5. illness n. （某种）病
The children there all suffer from serious illness. 那里的孩子都遭受疾病的折磨。
同根词：ill adj. 有病的 （比较级：worse, 最高级：worst）

6. organize v. 组织
In the end, we all decided to organize a concert for Easter. 最终，我们一致决定组织一场复活节音乐会。
同根词：organization n. 组织；机构 organizer n. 组织者organized adj. 有组织的
What do you know about our organization? 关于我们的组织你知道些什么？
Students need organized activities. 学生们需要有组织的活动。
Who is the organizer of the exhibition? 谁是这次展览会的组织者？

7. express v. 表达；表露
This helps them express their feelings. 这有助于他们表达他们的情感。
同根词：expression n. 表现，表示，表达；表情
She gave expression to her sadness. 她流露出了悲伤之情。

8. lonely adj. 孤独的；寂寞的；荒凉的 （比较级：lonelier最高级：loneliest）
It felt like the loneliest place in the world. 感觉这就像是天底下最荒凉的地方。
辨析：lonely, alone的区别：
alone为形容词，意为“单独的”，只作表语，不能作定语。侧重说明独自一人，没有助 手或同伴，没有感情色彩的只表示客观的状态。
lonely意为“孤独的”，表示主观上感到孤独、寂寞，有较浓的感情色彩，指因缺少朋友、同情、友谊等产生的一种悲伤和忧郁的感情。它为形容词，在句中作表语或定语。作定语时，意为“荒凉；偏僻”，多修饰表示地点的名词。
alone还可以作副词。
alone adv. 单独；独自
She went home alone.= She went home by herself. 她独自回家去了。
I didn’t feel lonely though I was alone. 我虽孤身一人，但并不感到寂寞。

9. friendship n. 友情；友谊
同根词：friend n. 朋友 复数：friends.
True friendship is worth more than money. 真正的友谊比金钱更有价值。
friendly adj. 友好的
Robert has a friendly relationship with his customers. 罗伯特和他的客户之间关系处得很好。

10. difficulty n. = be not able to do something easily 困难；费劲
The country is facing great economic difficulties. 该国正面临巨大的经济困难。
同根词：difficult adj. = hard to do 困难的
The child is going through a difficult phase. 那孩子正经历困难的阶段。
It’s difficult for me. 对我来说这很难。
搭配：have difficulty (in) doing something 做……有困难
I had no difficulty (in) making myself understood. 我毫不费力地表达了自己的意思。
in difficulty/difficulties 处境困难
The bank is in difficulty/difficulties. 这家银行处境困难。

11. joy n. = a feeling of great happiness 愉快；喜悦
I taught them to sing because music can bring them joy and peace.
我教他们唱歌，因为音乐能带给他们喜悦与宁静。
同根词：joyful n. 快乐的，高兴的；令人开心的，使人喜悦的
He was excited and joyful at the success. 他因成功而激动欣喜。
搭配：to one’s joy 令人高兴的是，使某人高兴的是
To her joy her son was permitted to a key university.

12. peace n. 平静；宁静
the Nobel Peace Prize 诺贝尔和平奖
One more question and I’ll leave you in peace. 再问一个问题，我就不打扰你了。
同根词：peaceful adj. 和平的；爱好和平的；安静的；平静的
Evening in the country is a very peaceful time. 乡村里的今晚是平静安谧的时刻。

13. hurt v. = injure 使疼痛；受伤
Tim hurt his legs in an accident, but he has lots of courage.
提姆在一次事故中伤了腿，但他很勇敢。
同根词：hurt adj. 受伤的；痛苦的；（受）损坏的
They did not seem to be badly hurt. 他们看起来没有受重伤。
搭配：hurt oneself 自己受伤
Have you hurt yourself? 你伤着自己了吗？
注意：身体伤害重用badly修饰。精神、感情受到创伤用 very much/ rather/ deeply修饰
The driver hurt himself badly in the accident. 那位司机在事故中伤得很重。
Your words deeply hurt her. 你的话深深地伤害了她。

14. courage n. 勇气；勇敢
同根词：encourage v. 鼓励，鼓舞；支持；促进；鼓动
My English teacher often encourages us to read English aloud.
我的英语老师常常鼓励我们大声读英语。
gather courage鼓足勇气 lose courage 失去勇气
Failure is the mother of success. Keep up your courage.失败是成功之母。鼓起你的勇气来。

15. spirits n. 情绪，心境
He felt in excellent spirits when he arrived home.他回到家里是情绪非常好。
spirit n. 精神，勇气，意志。
Even though he is no longer living, his spirit lives on today.尽管他已经不再人世，但他的 精神却至今还在。
固定搭配：in spirit 在心里， 在精神上

16. pay v. 付款；偿还
We paid 35 pounds for each ticket. 我们每张票付了35英镑。
同根词：pay n. 工资；薪水；报答
They complained about their pay and conditions. 他们抱怨他们的薪水和工作条件。
搭配：pay off 偿清（债务）；支付（债务）的全部数额
pay attention to 注意 pay a visit to 去参观，拜访 pay for 为……付款
辨析：take, spend, cost和pay的用法区别：
总结：
take一般用it作主语，例如：it takes sb. sometime to do sth.
spend一般是人作主语，例如：I spend an hour finishing my homework.
cost表示某物值什么的（价值或钱），例如：The book cost 200 yuan.
pay一般是人作主语，例如：I pay lots of money for books.

spend的主语必须是人，常用于以下结构：
(1)spend time/money on sth. 在……上花费时间（金钱）。例如：
I spent two hours on this math problem. 这道数学题花了我两个小时。
(2)spend time/money (in) doing sth. 花费时间（金钱）做某事。例如：
They spent two years (in) building this bridge. 造这座桥花了他们两年时间。
(3)spend money for sth. 花钱买…… 例如：
His money was spent for books. 他的钱用来买书了。

cost的主语是物或某种活动，还可以表示“值”，常见用法如下：
(1)sth. costs (sb.) + 金钱，某物花了（某人）多少钱。例如：
A new computer costs a lot of money.
(2)(doing) sth. costs (sb.) + 时间，某物（做某事）花了（某人）多少时间。例如：
Remembering these new words cost him a lot of time.他花了大量时间才记住了这些单词。
注意：cost的过去式及过去分词都是cost，并且不能用于被动句。

take后面常跟双宾语，常见用法有以下几种：
(1)It takes sb. + 时间 + to do sth. 做某事花了某人多少时间。例如：
It took them three years to build this road. 他们用三年时间修完了这条路。
(2)doing sth. takes sb. + 时间，做某事花了某人多少时间。例如：
Repairing this car took him the whole afternoon. 他花了一下午修车。

pay的基本用法是：
(1)pay (sb.) money for sth.付钱（给某人）买…… 例如：
I have to pay them 20 pounds for this room each month. 我每个月要付20英镑的房租。
(2)pay for sth. 付……的钱 例如：
I have to pay for the book lost. 我不得不赔丢失的书款。
(3)pay for sb. 替某人付钱 例如：
Don’t worry! I’ll pay for you. 别担心，我会给你付钱的。
(4)pay sb. 付钱给某人 例如：
They pay us every month. 他们每月给我们报酬。
(5)pay money back 还钱 例如：
May I borrow 12 yuan from you? I’ll pay it back next week.
(6)pay off one’s money 还清钱。

17. voluntary adj.自愿的；志愿的
He made a voluntary statement to the police.他自愿为警方作供。

18. be used for doing 被用来做（某事）
be used to do 被用来去做``````
be used as 把······用作，被用来当作······
be used by (某物)被某人使用，by后接动词的执行者
be used to (doing) sth. 习惯于（做某事）
used to do sth. 过去常常做某事
This medicine is used for curing cancer. 这种药物是用于治疗癌症的。
Clothes are used to keep warm. 衣服是用来保暖的。
The box is used as a table. 这个箱子被当作桌子用。
This car is used by Mr. Li.这是李先生的专用轿车。
My father is used to getting up early. 我爸爸习惯于早起。
I used to dance after school. 我过去常常放学后跳舞。
In the past, people used to use horses as their transport.

19. since then 自从那时起
since I was born 自从我出生时
since+ 时间点（用于完成时）
l 自从5点开始他就在等了。
l He has waited since 5 o’clock.
l 陈先生自从2岁起就住在这儿。
l Mr. Chen has lived here since 2 years old.
l 我们自从七年前开始就学习英语了。
l We have learned English since 7 years ago.

重点短语
1. in need 需要帮助的
2. voluntary work 义务性工作
3. ask permission 报请批准
4. suffer from… 因......受苦；受折磨
5. raise one’s spirits 使鼓起勇气；使振奋
6. raise money… 筹募钱
7. teach sb to do… 教某人去做……
8. need to do… 需要做……
9. look after… 照顾……
10. in one’s free time 在某人空闲时间
11. help sb do… 帮助某人做……
12. continue to do… 继续做……
13. in the future 将来
14. work as... 从事……工作
15. attend school 上学
16. write to sb 给某人写信
17. give sb permission to do批准某人做……
18. because of... 因为……
19. be unable to do... 不能做……
20. stay at home 呆在家
21. take part in 参加
22. think about 考虑
23. in order to 目的在于；为了

For Reading
I．根据句意及图片提示写单词，补全句子。
1．We are trying to _____ money to help kids without parents.

2. I think everyone should try to
understand and help____ people.

3. A ______ is someone who is between
thirteen and nineteen years old.

4. This______ is holding a legal knowledge contest（法律知识竞赛）．

5. Unluckily, Jim _____ his hand when he wanted to peel (削)an apple
for his grandma.

II．根据要求写出相应的单词。
6. offer (第三人称单数形式)
__________________
7. organize (一般过去时)
__________________
8. spirit (复数)
__________________
9. express (过去分词)
__________________
10. difficult (名词)
__________________

III. 根据句意及首字母提示写单词，完成句子。
11. When I saw the look of j _____on the sick boy's face, I felt happy.
12. The doctor is thinking of a way to make the sick boy get less p_____．
13. To our surprise, the car accident wasn't so s______ as we could imagine.
14. The old woman lives in the countryside alone, so she feels very l______．
15. When we face (面对) our own problems, we need a lot of c______．

IV. 用括号里词的适当形式填空，完成句子。
16. You'll have to ask______ (permit) if you want to go into the office.
17. If you are in high______ (spirit), you have a good feeling.
18. Last week, Mr Green helped us_______ (organize) a singing competition.
19. Every day, I go to a children's hospital to see a sick boy_______ (call) Eric.
20. These days people may get all kinds of strange______ (ill) because of pollution.
21. I need________ (study) hard and make progress every day.
22. I used______(go) to work by taxi, but now I ride my bike for work.

语法运用
动词不定式由“to+动词原形”构成，有时可以不带to。它没有人称和数的变化，其否定式是在to前加上not。它在句中可作宾语、宾语补足语和状语等。具体用法见下表：

用法
例句
作宾语
在offer, plan, hope, choose, refuse, decide, learn, wish等动词之后作宾语：
Finally he offered to go shopping with me.
最后他主动提出跟我一起购物。
I have decided not to think about it.
我已决定不去想它。
我们也可以在know．decide，learn和remember等动词之后用“疑问词+动词不定式”作宾语：
I don't want to stay at home, but I don't know where to go.
我不想呆在家里，但是我不知道去哪里。
作宾语补足语
teach，ask，allow，invite，order，advise等动词之后用不定式作宾补：
You should ask him to turn off the light.
你应该要求他关掉灯。
My parents allow me to play computer games at weekends.
我父母允许我周末玩电脑游戏。
let，make和have之后用省略to的不定式：
My mother often makes me clean the windows.
我妈妈常常让我擦窗户。
作状语
我们可以用动词不定式表示目的。
They are working hard to save the injured tiger.
他们正在努力工作营救那只受伤的老虎。
I．根据对话用合适的内容完成对话后的句子。
1. Lucy: Would you like to eat some meat?
Jerry: No. Thanks.
Jerry refused ______________________.
2. Mary: Could you give me a hand?
David: No problem.
David agreed _______________________.
3. Paul: Shall I carry the bag for you?
Steve: No. Thanks. I can do it by myself.
Paul offered _________________________.

II. 将下列单词或词组连接成句。
4. the boy, to, quickly, catch the bus, ran
________________________________________________
5. every day, Jack, keep fit, takes exercise, to
_______________________________________________
6. its meaning, I, in the dictionary, looked up, find, to, that word
____________________________________________________
7. visit her grandma, to, yesterday, took the train, Millie
_____________________________________________________
8. my mother, to, for the family, gets up early, make breakfast, often
_______________________________________________________

Ⅲ. 改写同义句, 每空不限词数。
9. I don't know when we will have the meeting.
I don’t know _________________the meeting.
10. His brother went to Paris for his holiday.
His brother went to Paris _______________ his holiday.
11. Don’t make any noise," she said to me.
She told me ____________________any noise.
12. They are working hard so that they can finish their work on time.
They are working hard __________________ their work on time.

Ⅳ. 从下列选项中选出最佳选项。
( ) 13. He promised ______his old friend during his stay in Tianjin.
A. see
B. seeing
C. saw
D. to see
( ) 14. --- I will go to Harbin for my summer vacation. What about you?
--- I haven't decided where_______.
A. go
B. went
C. going
D. to go
( ) 15. --- Why is Linlin practicing speaking English?
--- ______abroad for further study.
A. Go
B. Gone
C. To go
D. Goes
( ) 16. Mr Li asks the students ______in the river, because it's too dangerous.
A. swim
B. to swim
C. not to swim
D. to not swim
( ) 17. Colors can change our moods (情绪) and make us______ happy or sad, energetic or sleepy.
A. feel
B. to feel
C. felt
D. feeling

课堂练习
一、完形填空。
Once upon a time there was an old couple (一对老夫妇) who didn't have any children. One day, while the old woman was washing clothes in a river, a big peach came___1___ towards her. She took the peach home.
The old woman cut the peach but to her___2___, a baby boy jumped out of the peach. They were so ___3___because they had always wanted a child. They named him Momotaro, which___4___Peach Boy in Japanese.
Years later Momotaro ___5___a place called Ogre (吃人妖魔) Island. He told his parents that he wanted to go there to___6___the ogres from being bad to the people of his village.
On the way to Ogre Island, Momotaro met a talking dog, a monkey and a pheasant (雉). They all___7___ to help Momotaro. Moinotaro and his friends___8___ against the ogres. Momotaro told the ogres to leave the___9___ of his village alone and to give back the treasure that they stole from them.
The ogres apologized and ___10___the treasure to Momotaro. He and his new friends returned home and the village had a happy and peaceful life again.
( ) 1.A. floating
B. leading
C. digging
( ) 2. A. ability
B. problem
C. surprise
( ) 3. A. smart
B. happy
C. poor
( ) 4. A. stands
B. plays
C. means
( ) 5. A. heard of
B. looked for
C. took in
( ) 6. A. help
B. let
C. stop
( ) 7. A. pushed
B. included
C. agreed
( ) 8. A. produced
B. fought
C. invited
( ) 9. A. animals
B. peaches
C. people
( ) 10. A. returned
B. created
C. stole
二、 阅读理解。
A
It's a good idea to write a "thank you" letter when you get a present. You can also send an email to thank him or her, but it's better to write a short letter.
"Thank you" letters can be short. You can write your address in the top left corner of the paper,