译林版牛津英语八年级下册Unit-6知识点+测试卷.doc

Unit 6 Sunshine for all
Part One Comic strip
重点全解
1、 I’m training to be a volunteer for the Olympic Games.（P 78）
① train此处为及物动词(也可作不及物动词)，意为“接受训练；培训等”
例如: He is training to be a doctor.
We should train students to form good habits.
② trainer n. 教练；trainee n. 接受训练的人，学员
③training 不可数名词，意为“训练”。
例如：You need more training.
2、 Will you support me, Eddie?（P 78）
①support此处为及物动词，意为“支持”。
例如：I don’t support his opinion.
②support 作不可数名词时，意为“支持，拥护”。
例如：He needs our support.
③supporter 可数名词，意为“支持者，拥护者”。
例如：I have many supporters.
3、 It’s meaningful to do something for the Olympics.（P 78）
meaningful adj. 有有意义的；meaningless adj. 无意义的
例如： What he did is meaningful.
He gave me a meaningful look.
4、 How can I help then?（P 78）
辨析：can与be able to
易混词
含义
具体解析

can
能，会
只是一般性的能力，指“有能力做某事”，只用于一般现在时（can）和一般过去时（could）
可以
用来表示请求、允许；be able to则不能
可能
用来推测，表示可能性，常用于否定句中
be able to
能，会
强调具体事件中有能力，指“经过努力而成功地做某事”，可用于各种时态；不能与can连用；不能表示可能性的推测
例如：The boy can skate=The boy is able to skate.
Can I come in?
The man can’t be Mr. Green. He has gone to America.
5、 I need some more food to eat at work.（P 78）
some more意为“再来一点，再多一些”
拓展：“数词+more+名词”=“another + 数词+名词”。
例如：I want to buy ten more apples. = we want to buy another ten apples.

Part Two Welcome to the unit

A
重点全解
1、 blind adj. 瞎的（P 79）
由blind构成的短语：go blind 失明；turn a blind eye to对……佯装不见 be blind to 对……视而不见
2、 deaf adj. 聋的（P 79）
例如： He is a deaf man.
He is deaf of an ear.
拓展：①be deaf to advice意为“不听劝告”
Tom is always deaf to advice.
②turn a deaf ear to意为“对……充耳不闻”
Don’t turn a deaf ear to what I said.
B
重点全解
1、 What are homeless people, Daniel?（P 79）
homeless adj. 无家可归的
类似以后缀“-less”构成的单词：careless 马虎的；useless 无用的；harmless无害的；meaningless没有意义的；endless无尽的；helpless无助的
2、 They can provide special places for homeless people to stay.（P 79）
provide sth. for sb. 意为“为某人提供某物”，相当于provide sb. with sth.
例如： They often provide hungry children with food.
They often provide food for hungry children.
简单辨析：give, provide与offer
①provide sth. for sb. = provide sb. with sth.
②give sth. to sb. = give sb. sth.
③offer sth. to sb. = offer sb. sth.

Part Three Reading

重点全解
1、 Liu Ming did not know what to expect when he volunteered for the Special Olympics World Summer Games in Shanghai, back in October 2007. （P 80）
①expect vt. 意为“期待，指望，预料”
例如：What do you expect me to do?
I expect that he will pass the exam.
辨析：expect, hope与look forward to
易混词
具体解释
用法

expect
指期待、盼望某事的发生，感情色彩强烈
其后可接名词、动词不定式或从句作宾语，也可以接动词不定式作宾语补足语,例：I expect to meet my good friend in Pairs.

hope
“希望”，表示对意愿的实现抱有一定的信心，这种希望往往可以实现
其后可接名词、动词不定式或从句作宾语，但不能接动词不定式作宾语补足语,例：Tommy hopes that her father can come to the meeting.
look forward to
有主观上以愉悦的心情“盼望，期待”之意
其中to为介词，其后可接名词、代词或动名词,例：I am looking forward to Children’s Day.
②volunteer此处用作不及物动词，意为“志愿做，义务做”。
例如：Last summer I volunteered at the local hospital.
拓展：voluntary adj. 义务的，志愿的
The college students often do some voluntary work in their spare time.
2、 The special Olympics World Games give children and adults with intellectual disabilities a chance to show their skills to the world.. （P 80）
①give sb. a chance to do sth. 意为“给某人做某事的机会”
例如：I will give you a chance to explain yourself.
②句中的with intellectual disabilities为后置定语，修饰children and adults。介词短语作定语一般要后置。
例如：The students on duty are cleaning the classroom.
③chance可数名词，意为“机会”，强调偶然性。
例如：Do you have a chance to win?
You have no chance now.
3、 They include many events similar to those in the Olympics…. （P 80）
①event此处用作可数名词，意为“比赛项目；大事”。
例如：How many events are there at your school sports meeting?
It’s an event in history. 那是历史上的一件大事。
②similar adj. 意为“同样的，类似的”，be similar to意为“与……相似”，其中to为介词，其后多接名词或代词
例如：My watch is similar to yours.
拓展：be similar in 意为“在……方面相似”; be the same as 意为“与……相同”
They are similar in color.
My coat is the same as my friend’s.
4、 Then they provided support for the athletes and helped make the event a great success. （P 80）
make the event a great success意为“使本届特奥会取得很大的成功”，
make +sb./sth. + 名词结构，其中the event是make的宾语，a great success为其宾语补足语
例如：Hard life makes the boy a man. 艰苦的生活使这个男孩成为一个男子汉
We made Tom our monitor.
拓展：make后还以接省略to的动词不定式、形容词、过去分词作宾语补足语。
Don’t make the boy cry anymore.
The boy often makes his mother angry.
I can’t make myself understood in Chinese.
5、 I was the swimming coach for a young boy from…. （P 81）
①coach此处为可数名词，意为“教练”，复数形式为coaches
②coach还可用作及物动词，意为“训练，指导”。
③coach还可用作可数名词，意为“客车，长途汽车”。
例如：He is a football coach.
Could you help coach a football team for little kids?
I will take a coach to Nanjing.
6、 He was born with intellectual disabilities.（P 81）
be born with…..意为“生来具有……”
例如：He was born with a weak body. 他生来体弱。
7、 To Li Hai, the most important thing is not to win a gold or a silver, but to take part. （P 81）
①not…but…意为“不是……，而是……”。
例如： Jim’s father is not a teacher but a doctor.
The book is not hers but mine.
②gold此处用作可数名词，意为“金牌”。
例如：He won many golds.
拓展：gold还可用作不可数名词，意为“黄金，金子”；gold用作形容词时，意为“金黄色的，金质的”。
How much gold do you have? 你有多少黄金？
The girl with a gold watch is Mary. 那个戴金表的女孩是玛丽。
8、 He feels more confident now because of the Special Olympics World Games. （P 81）
confident adj. 此处意为“自信的”，可以作表语或定语。其常见搭配有：be confident of sth. 意为“对……有信心”；be confident + that从句意为“确信……，对……有信心”。
例如：He is a confident person.
Mary is confident of passing the exam. = Mary is confident that she can pass the exam.
9、 You get to help them achieve their dreams… （P 81）
① get to do sth. 此处意为“有机会做某事，得到做某事的机会”。
例如：He got to take part in the Olympics.
He got to try out his new idea.
② get to sb.还表示“使某人恼怒或生气，影响某人”。
例如：Don’t let them get to you. 不要让他们影响你。
10、 I know some people offer to help without getting paid for the event.（P 82）
offer to do sth.意为“主动提出做某事”。
例如：Mary offered to help me with my English.
拓展：offer sth.提供某物；offer sb. sth. = offer sth. to sb.
He offered some advice.
They offered us hot water.= They offered hot water to us.
11、 Did Li Hai win first prize? (P82)
①first prize意为“一等奖”，当序数词表示名词时，其前的定冠词通常可以省略。
例如：He won third prize at last.
②prize此处为可数名词，意为“奖品，奖金，奖赏”，win the prize意为“获奖”，常常指在比赛中获胜时或有特殊贡献时所得的奖励。
例如：He received the Nobel Prize for peace. 他获得了诺贝尔和平奖。
12、 What are the Special Olympics World Games for? (P83)
What…for?意为“为什么……？”。
例如：---What are you here for?
---To meet my uncle.
辨析：what…for与why

What…for

为什么……
用于询问目的或用途，一般用动词不定式或for介词短语等回答，不能用because回答,例：---What do you want a basket for?
---I want to buy some apples.
why
为什么
侧重询问原因，一般用because作答,例：---Why were you late for school?
---Because I missed the early bus.

Part Four Grammar

重点全解
1、 Do you have any trouble talking to people with intellectual disabilities?（P 85）
have trouble (in) doing sth. 意为“做某事费力（或有麻烦）”。
例如：I have some trouble (in) working out the problem.
拓展：①trouble是不可数名词，前面可用no, much, some, a little, little等词修饰，介词in通常省略。
例如：He has no trouble learning English.
②和have trouble doing sth. 类似的短语还有：have difficulty doing sth.做 某事有困难；have problems doing sth.做某事有问题；have fun doing sth.= have a great time doing sth.做某事很开心
③have trouble with sth.某事有麻烦；have difficulty with sth.在某事上遇到困难；
例如：The girl had problems with her health last week.
2、 donate blood （P 86）
①donate此处用作及物动词，意为“捐献”，donate sth. to sb. 意为“把某物捐给某人”。
例如： You can donate the books to the children in poor areas.
拓展：donate还可用作不及物动词，意为“捐献”; donation名词，意为“捐助，捐赠物”，当意为“捐赠物”时，是可数名词；当意为“捐助”时，是不可数名词。
例如：He has a lot of money, but he doesn’t want to donate.
They received many donations from the government.
The donation is about 10,000 dollars.
② blood此处用作不可数名词，意为“血，血液”。
例如： Blood is thicker than water.
There is some blood on the ground.
拓展：blood type血型；make a blood test 验血；in cold blood 残忍地；make sb.’s blood freeze 使某人极度恐惧
It is adj. …to do sth.句型
1、 It is + 形容词+ 动词不定式
动词不定式作主语时，为了保持句子的平衡，常常用it作形式主语（it 无词义），而把真正的主语即动词不定式后置。
例如：To learn English well is not easy. = It is not easy to learn English well.
2、 It is + 形容词+ for sb. + 动词不定式
若要说明动词不定式的动作是谁做的，可在动词不定式前加for sb.，其中sb.与不定式存在逻辑上的主谓关系。此句型中的形容词与事物的特征有关，表示客观情况。常见的这类形容词有：easy, difficult, hard, dangerous, possible, interesting等。
例如：It’s necessary for the students to do eye exercises twice a day.
句中的it是形式主语，for the students 是动词不定式短语to do eye exercises的逻辑主语。
拓展：It is + 形容词 + that 从句
在这个句型中，it是形式主语，代替that引导的从句。此句中可以改为that引导的主语从句。
例如：It is meaningful that we donate money to charities.
= That we donate money to charities is meaningful.
3、 It is + 形容词+ of sb. + 动词不定式
如果该句型中的形容词是kind, nice, right, wrong, clever, polite, rude, foolish等描述行为者的性格、品质的，则应在动词不定式前加一个of引导的名词或代词短语加以说明，表示陈赞或责备、批评等。
例如：It’s very nice of you to help me.

Part Five Integrated/ Study skills

重点全解
1、 South-west China.（P 87）
South-west China 专有名词，意为“中国西南地区”。
例如： He lives in South-west China.
拓展：①south-west 可用作形容词，意为“西南方的”。
例：A warm south-west wind was blowing.
②south-west还可用作名词，意为“西南方”，常与定冠词the连用。
例：The house faces the south-west.
③south-west还可作副词，意为“向西南”。
例：The window faces south-west.
2、 In this way, they can help the local people improve their lives.（P 88）
in this way意为“这样，以这种方式”；in a way 意为“在某种程度上”。
例如： In this way, you can work out the problem.
In a way, you are right.
3、 We use the method when we want to use some specific examples to lead to our main ideas.（P 89）
lead to 意为“导致，引起”，其中to为介词，后跟名词或代词。
例如： Smoking can lead to lung cancer.
An ordinary cold can soon lead to a fever.一般的感冒会很快引起发烧。

Part Six Task

1、 He has been ill in hospital since last month.（P 90）
be in hospital意为“生病住院”；in the hospital意为“在医院”，可以指在医院工作或看望病人等。
例如： The old man was ill in hospital last week.
My father works in the hospital far away.
2、The doctor says that he has a serious blood disease.（P 90）
disease此处为可数名词，意为“疾病”。
例如： He was born with a heart disease.
辨析：disease, illness与sickness

disease

病，疾病
通常指具体的“疾病”，此时为可数名词；有时指疾病的总称，此时为不可数名词,例：Disease is usually caused by germs(病菌).

illness

病
很少指具体的疾病，只表示抽象的疾病和生病的状态,例：Because of illness, she didn’t go to school.

sickness

病
可泛指身体不适，还特指呕吐、晕船、晕车等,例：Rough seas caused much sickness among the passengers. 咆哮的海浪使许多乘客呕吐。

3、 They do not have enough money for such an operation.（P 90）
辨析：such与so

such

形容词，用来修饰名词
+a/an+形容词+可数名词单数
+形容词+不可数名词
+形容词+可数名词复数
so
副词，用来修饰形容词或副词
+形容词/副词
+形容词+a/an+可数名词单数
+many/ few/ much/ little(少)+可数名词复数/不可数名词
例如：They are such useful books.
He is so clever.
There are so many people in the room.

4、 Otherwise, he may lose his life. (P90)
lose one’s life意为“失去生命，丧生”。
例如：Many people lost their lives because of smoking.
拓展：①lose heart灰心丧气
Don’t lose heart. You’ll learn English well.
②lose oneself迷路；沉湎于
He lost himself in reading.
③lose one’s way迷路，相当于get lost
The boy lost his way and cried on the street.

短语和句型归纳

短语归纳

13

1. provide sth. for sb. 为某人提供某物
2. some more 再来一些
3. be born with 生来具有……
4. donate blood 献血
5. be made up of 又……组成
6. according to 根据
7. as soon as possible尽快
8. lead to 导致
9. homeless people 无家可归的人
10. receive training 接受培训
11. the swimming coach 游泳教练
12. give a helping hand 伸出援助之手
13. achieve one’s dream 实现某人的梦想
14. not…but… 不是……，而是……
15. get paid 付酬劳
16. give a seat to sb. 给某人让座
17. make friends with sb. 与某人交朋友
18. drop litter everywhere 乱丢垃圾
19. keep in touch 保持联系
20. not…any more 不再
21. get well again 恢复健康

句型归纳

1. feel like + n./doing sth. 想要某事/做某事，感觉像某物/做某事
2. expect to do sth. 期待做某事
3. offer to do sth.主动做某事
4. that’s why从句 那是……的原因
5. make sb. do sth. 让某人做某事
6. take action to do sth. 采取行动做某事
7. get to do sth. 有机会做某事

单元知识大过关

一、根据首字母或汉语提示写出单词。
1. If you have a _________(机会) to go, take it.
2. Do you know the saying, “Practice makes _______(完美的).”
3. She went to Beijing with the _______(目的) of learning from the teachers there.
4. He is here in body, but not in __________(精神).
5. Shall I _________(记录) what he says?
6. It’s too (危险的) for the kids to play in the street.
7. The poor man had two major (手术) in two weeks.
8. It’s m for students to study hard.
9. I’m e a call from him soon.
10. She’s the c of the volleyball team.
11. She lost a lot of b in the accident.
12. After a brief (介绍) by the chairman, the meeting began.
13. Mr. Black has a big family to (供养).
14. We should know people from different (背景).
15. The boys do basketball t at least twice a week.
二、翻译下列短语。
1. 伸出援助之手 2. 一个老年人
3. 尽可能快 4. 生来具有
5. 根据 6. 听说
7. 参加 8. 导致
9. 和……相似 10. 由……组成
11. 献血 12. 付酬劳
13. 例如 14. 用这种方式
15. 不再
三、 用所给词的适当形式填空。
1. We should try our best to help the _______(able) people.
2. As an ________(experience) teacher, he always has ways to make his class lively.
3. Mr. King’s son has come to China for__________(far) study.
4. The old men do exercises every day to improve their_______(fit).
5. The government should do something to help those______(home) people.
6. Fund-raising events are _________________ (meaning) to organize.
7. It’s_________________ (help) to learn English well.
8. It’s _________________ (sadness)for poor children that they can’t go to school.
9. I don’t think it is easy_________________ (finish) the work in one hour.
10. __________________ (walk)on the moon is harder than on the earth.
四、 单项选择。
( ) 1. 1.____ is wrong to copy other students’ homework.
A. This B. That C. It D. There
( )2.It is bad for your eyes_____ computer games too much.
A. plays B. to play C. play D. to playing
( )3. —______ go to the theatre together with me?
—Good idea.
A. How about B. Why do you C. Why not D. What about
( )4. Simon lived in Beijing _________the years 2002-2004．
A. during B. between C．in D. at
( )5. Although he was a child, he tried to find ways ________ people ________ life more.
A. to help ; enjoy B. help ; enjoy
C. to help ; enjoying D. help ; enjoying
( )6. —How many members are there on the team?
—Eight this term. But there will be ten_____ next term. I’m not quite sure.
A. at all B. at last C. at least D. at once
( )7.—What do you think of tomorrow’s football match?
—_____ difficult for us_____ the match.
A. We’re; to win B. We’re; winning C. It’s; to win D. It’s; winning
( )8.Harry Potter is