牛津译林版英语8BUnit8Agreenworld知识点汇编.doc

Unit 8
Welcome to the unit
1. Will more trees be planted this year? 今年会种更多的树？ plant trees植树
句中will be planted 意思是“将会被种植”，“will be + 动词的过去分词”是一般将来时的被动语态。
The panda will be sent to the zoo tomorrow. 这只大熊猫明天将被送到动物园。
2. Trees are good for us. 树对我们有益。

3. I like digging in the garden. 我喜欢在花园里挖土。 dig- dug -dug
4. Are you serious? 你是认真的吗？ nothing serious没有什么严重的事情
 be serious about sth.= take sth seriously 严肃对待        a serious illness 一个严重的病
5. reduce air pollution by riding bicycles.通过骑自行车减少空气污染。
reduce air pollution减少空气污染 “by doing sth.”意思是“通过做某事”。
6. save water by taking shorter showers通过少洗澡来节约水
take/have a shower 洗淋浴
7. save energy by turning off the lights 关灯节约能源
turn on/off + the light/the computer/TV/the radio 打开……
turn up 开大音量 turn down 关小音量
8. protect the environment by recycling waste通过循环利用废料的方式保护环境 recycle waste回收利用废物
9. What should we do to live a green life?为了过上环保的生活我们该做什么呢？
live a …life 过着…的生活
10. drive to sp. = go to sp. by car意思是 “开车去某地”。
11.take the underground 乘地铁

12. It’s wise for people to choose public transport or ride bicycles. 人们选择坐公交或骑车是很明智的。
13. remember to turn off the lights 记得关灯 remember to do sth. 记得要做某事 remember doing sth.记得做了某事
Reading
1. a country with high mountains and clean blue lakes 一个拥有高山和清澈湛蓝湖水的国家
2. try to keep it that way努力保持它的原貌
3. In Switzerland, things like glass, plastic and paper are separated into different groups and then recycled. 在瑞士，像玻璃、塑料和纸被分成不同的小组，然后回收利用。
(1) separate意指从….分离、挑拣出来的意思， separate…..from 从一个大的整体里分出来。
The children are separating the good apples from the bad ones． 孩子们正在把好苹果与坏苹果分开。
England is separated from France by the Channel． 英吉利海峡把英国和法国分开。
We walked until midnight and then separated． 我们散步到午夜才分手。
(2)divide 意为“分割；分开”，强调把一个整体按等量或一定比例分开。它常与into连用。
He devided the apple into 4 pieces.〔他把那个苹果分成了4份．（苹果是一个整体）〕 
(3)separate into 是指把一些东西分离，不是一个整体，如：We are separated into 4 groups.〔我们被分为4组．（因为我们每个人都是一个单独的个体，所以不能算作整体．）〕
4. an organization for recycling clothes一个循环利用衣服的组织
5. collect old clothes from all over the country 从全国各地收集旧衣服
6. some…, some…, and others… . 一些…， 一些…， 还有一些…。（固定句型）
another, other, others和the others
a) another 通常用于指三者或三者以上, “下一个的,另一个的”.
This pair of shoes is too short for me, and I want to try another one.
但是若其后有数词或 few 修饰时，则也可接复数名词。如：
We need another few chairs. In another two weeks it'll be finished.
b) other 指剩下的一部分,相当于some,
Some people are playing on the playground, other people are playing chess under the tree
一些人在操场上玩,还有一部分人在树下下棋
other之前常用定冠词the．一定范围内两人（物），一个用one,另一个用the other. one…the other
I have two cats, one is black and the other is white.
There are only two books left. But I don’t like this one. Will you please show me the other?
泛指别的人或物时，用others。 当在一定范围内，除去一部分后，剩余部分但不是全部时候，也用others.
others 和some对比使用时, 是“有些”的意思而不是做“其他”讲, some…others
Some cleaned the windows, others mopped the floor. 有的擦窗户, 有的擦地板。
c) the others 是“其余的”意思, 表示在一个范围内的其他全部,
He is cleverer than the others [the other students] in her class.
There are thirty students in our class. Twenty are girls. The other students are boys.
Some of the pencils are red. The others are green.
some…, some…, and others… . 一些…， 一些…， 还有一些…。（固定句型）
Some people enjoy reading in their spare time, some enjoy riding, and others enjoy staying at home.
7. be given to the poor 给贫困的人
8. be sent to factories for recycling送到工厂进行循环利用 send … to 把……送给……
9. have many laws to protect the environment 有许多保护环境的法律
10. be not allowed to cut down trees 不允许砍树
allow v. 允许，准许 I’m afraid we don’t allow people to bring dogs into this restaurant.
allow sb. to do sth. 允许某人做某事 sb. be allowed to do （被动）
allow doing We do not allow smoking in the hall.
cut down 砍到 cut down trees吹倒树木
11. will be punished 会被惩罚 punishment n. 惩罚
12. drop litter in a public place 在公开场合丢垃圾
13. be fined by the police 被警察罚款
fine 作动词 fine sb. for sth./ doing sth. He was fined 50 pounds for driving without lights.
作名词 罚款 You’ll get a fine if you park your car here.
14. laws to limit air and water pollution 控制空气和水污染的法律
limit n. 限度，限制 He was fined for exceeding the speed limit.
界限，范围 Lorries are not allowed within a two- mile limit of the town centre.
v. 限制，限定 I’m limiting myself to one cup of coffee one day.
15. Nature is our greatest treasure. 自然是我们最大的宝藏。
16. depend on its rich resources to live 依靠它丰富的资源生存
depend v. 视情况而定 – Can you lend me some money? – That depends how much do you want?
depend on/upon 依靠；取决于 They depend on donations from the public.
17. use energy from the sun 利用太阳能
18.new types of energy新型能源
19. cost very little 花费很少
20. run out 用光
run out (of sth.) 用完；耗尽 We’ve run out of coffee. Time is running out.
My passport runs out next month.
21. produce little pollution 少产生点污染
produce v. 大量生产，制造 The factory produced 20 000 cars a year.
种植，出产 This area produces most of the country’s wheat.
22. What have you done for the environment? 你为环境做了什么？
23. do something to make a difference 采取措施发挥作用
make a difference 对…有影响；起作用 Marriage made a big difference to her life.
make no difference 对…没影响；无足轻重 It makes no difference to us if the baby is a girl or a boy.
make a difference (to sb /sth ) 对—有影响，起作用
Grammar
1. be used up被用完
2.be invited to the show 被邀请参观展览
3. What will be discussed at the show? 展览上将会讨论什么？
4.one of the biggest problems最大的问题之一
5. throw rubbish into..把垃圾扔进……
6.be filled with/be full of 充满
7. in the future 将来
8.clean up打扫干净
9. act to improve the environment 行动起来改善环境
act v. 做事，行动 The doctor had to act quickly to save the child.
表现 Stop acting like a child!
扮演，表演 I acted in a play at school..
10. living things生物
(1) living意为“活着的、有生命的”，主要用于作前置定语及冠词the之后，表示一类人，也可用作表语，可修饰人或物。
    a living plant——活的植物
    The living will go on with the work of the dead. 活着的人将继续死者的工作。
    all living things——所有生物
    the living——在世者，活着的人们
   Latin is not a living language. 拉丁语不是现代使用的语言。
    He is still living at the age of 95. 95岁了他还活着。
2) lovely意为“可爱的”“美好的”。如： a lovely day, a lovely girl
3) alive意为“活着的、有活力的”，是表语形容词，可修饰人或物；在句中做表语宾补或后置定语，不能用作前置定语。
    He was alive when he was taken to the hospital. 他被送往医院时还活着。
    Although he is old, he is still very much alive. 虽然年老了，但他仍十分活跃。
    The fish is still alive/living. 那条鱼还活着。
    Keep him alive, please. 请让他活下去吧。
    He is the only man alive in the accident. 他是事故中唯一活着的人。
    Those alive will gather here. 活着的人将在此相聚。
4) live [laiv]
    (1) (动、植物)“活的”“有生命的”“活生生的”，主要用来说鸟或其他动物，作前置定语；如：a live fish——一条活鱼
a live tiger——一只活老虎
(2) 实况的、现场直播的。如：a live report——现场报道；a live show/broadcast/TV program——现场转播的表演/实况广播/现场直播的电视节目
5) lively意为活泼的、有生气的、生动的。 “生动的”可用作表语、定语，指人或物。如：
    a lively child——活泼的孩子 a lively description——生动的描述 a lively mind——活跃的头脑；
a lively discussion——热烈的讨论； a way of making one's classes lively——使课堂生动的方法
    He told a lively story about his life in Africa.他讲述了一个有关他的非洲生活的生动故事。
    Young children are usually lively. 年轻人通常很活泼。 
11. we will have a chance to talk about… 我们将有机会谈论……
12. make the world a better place 把世界变成一个更美好的地方

Integrated skills
1. turn off the tap when brushing teeth 刷牙时关上水龙头
2. take showers for less than ten minutes 洗澡少于十分钟
3. use both sides of the paper 用尽纸张的两面
4. recycle empty bottles循环利用空瓶子
4. do a survey做个调查
5. ask sb. about sth. 向某人询问有关……的事 sb. be asked about sth.(被动)
6. Here are the results of the survey.以下是调查的结果。
7. do a lot to help protect the environment
8. try our best to do 尽我们的所能去做
9. look nicer with more trees around 周围有很多树看起来更美
10. reduce dust and help keep the air clean减少灰尘和保持空气干净
11. be harmful to our health =do harm to our health 对我们的健康有害
harmful adj. 有害的 Traffic fumes are harmful to the environment.
harm v. 损害，伤害 Too much sun can harm your skin.
n. 伤害， 损害 These berries didn’t do him any harm.
Air pollution is harmful to our health.
= Air pollution does harm to our health.
be harmed by … 被……伤害
12. keep soil in place 保持水土 in place 在正确位置
Study skills
1. natural resources 自然资源
2. have a wider use有更广泛的用途
2. be dug up from the ground 从地下挖掘出来 dig – dug digging
The children are busy digging in the sand.
dig sth. up 挖掘出；探究 They were digging up potatoes.
Task
1. change for the worse 变得更糟 change for the better/ worse 变好/ 变化
for a change 变化一下，变变花样 I usually ride to work, but today I decided to work for a change.
make a change 使不同于以往； 换个口味
2. take steps 采取措施 take steps to do sth =take action to do sth采取措施干某事
3. We should also reuse water if possible 如果可能的话我们也应该重复使用水。
4. in order to save water 为了节约水
5. turn off the power 关闭电源
6. be in use 正在使用
7. plastic bags 塑料袋
8. Recycling is also a good way to help reduce pollution. 循环利用也是一种帮助减少污染的好办法。
9. separate waste into different groups 把垃圾分成几类
10. develop a green lifestyle 养成绿色（环保）的生活方式
11. do more exercise 多做锻炼
12. watch less TV 少看电视
13. follow these small steps 按照这几步走
14. make a big difference to the earth 对地球产生大的影响
三. 词形变化
1. dig-dug-dug-digging 2. wise-wisely serious-seriously
3. punish-punishes 4. cut-cut-cut-cutting run-ran-run-running
5. different-difference 6. pollute-pollution
7. live-living 8. harm-harmful
9. care-careful-careless-carefully-carelessly 10. simple-simpler-simplest