口译笔记速记符号归总--笔记符号汇总.doc
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1、口译笔记速记符号归总 目录1.Note-taking symbols and abbreviations2.关于缩略词3.关于字母和图像4.用箭头、数字符号、标点符号来表示1. Note-taking symbols and abbreviations for your reference: Abbreviations in Note taking Use only the abbreviations that fit your needs and that you will remember easily. A good idea is to introduce only a few abb
2、reviations into your note taking at a time. Symbols helpful in math - these are commonly used in texts and references. S = sum f = frequency Leave out periods in standard abbreviations. cf = compare e.g. = example dept = department Use only the first syllable of a word. pol = politics dem = democrac
3、y lib = liberal cap = capitalism Use entire first syllable and only 1st letter of 2nd syllable. pres = presentation subj = subject ind = individual cons = conservative Eliminate final letters. Use just enough of the word to form a recognizable abbreviation. assoc = associate biol = biology info = in
4、formation ach = achievement chem = chemistry max = maximum intro = introduction conc = concentration min = minimum rep = repetition Omit vowels, retain only enough consonants to give a recognizable skeleton of the word. ppd = prepared prblm = problem estmt = estimate bkgd = background gvt = governme
5、nt Use an apostrophe in place of letters. amt = amount contd = continued govt = government educatl = educationalForm the plural of a symbol or abbreviated word by adding s. chpts = chapters egs = examples fs = frequencies intros = introductions Use g to represent ing endings. ckg = checking estg = e
6、stablishing decrg = decreasing exptg = experimenting Spell out short words such as in, at, to, but, for, and key. Abbreviations or symbols for short words will make the notes too dense with shorthand. Leave out unimportant words. Leave out the words a and the. If a term, phrase, or name is written o
7、ut in full during the lecture, substitute initials whenever the term, phrase, or name is used again. For example, Center for Aerospace Sciences becomes CAS thereafter. Use symbols for commonly recurring connective or transitional words. & = and w/ = with w/o = without vs = against = therefore = = is
8、 or equal Use technical symbols where applicable. zb = German, for example ibid = Latin, the same work o = degrees H2O = water More reference: Use standard maths, accounting, and science symbols. Examples: + plus / parallel Use standard abbreviations and leave out full stops. Examples: eg example IT
9、 dept Information Technology department UK United Kingdom Use only the first syllable of a word. Examples: mar marketing cus customer cli client Use the entire first syllable and the first letter of the second syllable. Examples: subj subject budg budgetind individual To distinguish among various fo
10、rms of the same word, use the first syllable of the word, an apostrophe, and the ending of the word. Examples: techgy technology genion generalisation dely delivery Use just enough of the beginning of a word to form a recognisable abbreviation. Examples: assoc associated ach achievement info informa
11、tion Omit vowels from the middle of words, retaining only enough consonants to provide a recognisable skeleton of the word. Examples: bkgd background mvmt movement prblm problem Form the plural of a symbol or abbreviated word by adding s. Examples: custs customersfs frequencies /s ratios Use g to re
12、present ing endings. Examples: decrg decreasing ckg checking estblg establishing Spell out, rather than abbreviate short words. Examples: in but as key Leave out unimportant verbs. Examples: is was were Leave out unnecessary articles. Examples: a an the If a term, phrase, or name is initially writte
13、n out in full during the talk or meeting, initials can be substituted whenever the term, phrase, or name is used again. Example: January Advertising Campaign Budget JACB Use symbols for common connective or transition words. Examples: at2 to4 for& and w/ with w/o without vs against Create your own s
14、et of abbreviations and symbols. You may wish to develop separate sets of symbols and abbreviations for different courses or subjects. Other Symbols and Abbreviations as a result of / consequences of resulting in - and / also + equal to / same as = following ff most importantly * less than especiall
15、y esp/一、 缩略词英语当中缩略词使用的频率很高,如IMP: important, ASAP: as soon as possible。很显然如果能熟练掌握缩略词,会对考试大有裨益。缩略词的写法一般为四种方式:F拿掉所有元音MKT: marketMGR: manager MSG: messageSTD: standardRCV: receive F保留前几个字母INFO informationINS insurance EXCH exchangeI owe you IOUIn stead of I/OF保留开头和结尾个发音字母WK weekRM roomPL peopleF根据发音R ar
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- 口译 笔记 速记 符号 归总 汇总
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