完整虚拟语气用法表格模板格归纳图.doc

精心整理
第四章虚拟语气
（一）状语从句中的虚拟语气
虚拟语气在if引导的条件句中的用法三点：
从句（条件）
主句（目的）
表示于现在事实相反的虚拟条件句
If+主语+动词的过去式（be用were）
IfIhadtime,Iwouldattendthemeeting.

主语+would(shouldcouldmight)+动词原型
表示与过去事实相反的拟条件句
If+主语+had+动词的过去分词
Ifhehadhurried,hecouldhavecaughtthetrain.
主语+would（shouldcouldmight）+have+动词的过去分词
表示与将来事实相反的虚拟条件句
1、If+主语+动词过去式
2、If+主语+wereto+动词原形
3、If+主语+should+动词原形
IfIweretogoabroad,IwouldgotoAmerica.
主语+would（couldshouldmight）+动词原型
错综时间条件句——主从句时间不一致的情况下的虚拟语气
有时条件从句中的动作与主句中的动作，发生的时间不一致，这是动作的形式应根据它所表示的时间加以调整。
Ifyouhadfollowedmyadvice,youwouldbebetternow.
Ifyouhadstudiedhardbefore,youwouldbeacollegestudentnow.
含蓄条件句
有时虚拟条件句并没用if从句表示出来，而是用介词短语（otherwise，or，without，butfor）上下文或其他方式来表示。
Shewouldhavediedwithoutmyhelp.。
条件从句中省略if采用倒装语序的情况
在if引导的表示虚拟的条件状语从句中，有时可以把虚拟条件中的连词if省去，而将had，should，were等助动词提到主语之前。
例：原句：1:Ifshewereyounger,she,woulddoit.
去if：Weresheyounger,shewoulddoit.
2:Ifyouhadcomeearlier,youwouldhavemethim.
去if:Hadyoucomeearlier,youwouldhavemethim
3:Ifitshouldraintomorrow,wewouldnotgoclimbing.
去if:Shoulditraintomorrow,wewouldnotgoclimbing.
虚拟语气在asif/asthough引导的方式状语从句中
1. 表示与现在事实相反或对现在情况有怀疑，谓语动词用过去式。
Hetreatstheboyasifhewerehisownson.
2. 表示与过去事实相反，谓语动词用过去完成时。
Hespokeasifhehadknownaboutit.
3． 表示与将来事实相反，(表示将来的可能性不大),用would(might,could)+动词原形
Heactsasifhecouldwininthegame.
注意：1.在asif/asthough句中，如果有可能成为事实，用陈述语气。
例：Helooksasifhegoingtobeill.
2.asthough或asif引导的状语从句，从句主语和主句主语相同时，从句中可省略主语和部分谓语。
虚拟语气用在lest，forfearthat，sothat及inorderthat引导的目的状语从句中表示“以防，以免”等意思
谓语动词多用should/could/might+动词原型构成
Forfearthatitmayraintomorrow,weshouldbringanumbrella.
“Incase”引导的从句中即可用陈述句，也可以用虚拟语气
（should）+动词原型
例：1.Thegamewillbeputoffincaseit(should)snow.
2.Thegamewillbeputoffincaseitsnows.
（二）名词性从句中的虚拟语气
一：宾语从句中的虚拟语气
1.在动词wish/hope后的宾语从句中的虚拟语气,表示一种不可能实现的愿望。
对现在情况的虚拟：从句谓语动词用过去式或过去进行式。
Iwish(that)Iwereabird.
对过去情况的虚拟：从句谓语动词用过去完成时，或would，could，might+现在完成时。
Iwish(that)Ihadseenthefilmlastnight.
对将来情况的虚拟：从句谓语“would/should/could/might+动词原形”。
Iwish(that)Iwould\couldgo.
在表示建议，命令，要求，忠告，等动词的后面的宾语从句中的虚拟语气
均以“should+动词原型”表示这种语气，“should”常被省略。
Wesuggestedthatthemeeting(should)beputoff.
Theyinsistedthattheboy(should)gowiththem.
常用的此类动词有：
表示“提议，劝告，建议”的：propose,suggest,recommend,advise.
表示“要求”的：ask,desire,request,demand,require,beg
表示“同意，坚持”的：insist
表示“决定，命令”的：decide,order
注意：suggest,insist不表示建议或坚持要某人做某事时，即它们用于其本意暗示，表明，坚持认为时，宾语从句用陈述语气。
Thesmileonhisfacesuggested(暗示）thathewassatisfiedwithourwork.
Themaninsisted【坚持认为】thathehadneverstolenthemoney.
Wouldrather，hadrather，后的宾语从句中的虚拟语气
谓语动词用过去式表示与现在或将来相反
Iwouldratheryoutoldmethetruth.
用过去完成式表示与过去事实相反。表示“宁愿做什么”或“对过去做的事的懊悔”。
IwouldratheryouhadgonetherelastSunday.
注意：1.若某人愿自己做某事，wouldrather后用动词原型
2.wouldrather…..than……中用动词原型
Iwouldratherdoitbymyself.
I?would?rather?watchTVathome?than?gotothecinema.
主语从句中的虚拟语气
“Itis(was)+形容词（或过去分词）+that….”结构中的虚拟语气
表达形式为should+动词原形或省略should
It’squitenecessarythatweshouldhaveawalknow.

常用的形容词：natural，appropriate，advisable，necessary，important，urgent，probable，possible，desirable，strange。
注意：在上述所列形容词后面用that引出的宾语从句中，谓语动词也要用虚拟语气。
例：Idon’tthinkitadvisablethattombeassignedtothejobsincehehasnoexperience.(汤姆缺乏经验，指派他做这项工作我认为是不恰当的).
在“Itis(was)+名词+that…..”结构句中的虚拟语气
表示建议，命令，请求，道歉，怀疑，惊奇等。
It’sapitythatyou(should)missagoodchance.
这类名词有：advice，decision，desire，demand，idea，order，pity，proposal，recommendation，suggestion，surprise，wish，wonder等。
二．表语从句或同位语从句中的虚拟语气
某些表示建议，请求，命令等主观意向的名词做主语时，其后的表语从句或同位语从句需用虚拟语气
表达形式为should+动词原型或直接用动词原型。
Myideaisthatwe(should)thinkitoverbeforeacceptingit.
Weallagreetothatsuggestionthatthemeeting(should)beputoff.
在Itisdemanded/suggested/ordered/required….
that-clause句型中从句用(should)+动词原型
Itisdemandedthatweshouldworkoutaplan.
这类名词常见的有：demand，desire，requirement，advice，recommendation，suggestion，order，necessity，proposal，plan，idea。
在Itis(about/high)time+that定语从句中的虚拟语气
表示“该做……..的时候了”
其动词形式用一般过去时或should+动词原型
Itishightimethatyouwent/shouldgotoschool.
注意：在thisisthefirsttime/secondtimethat….句型中，从句中谓语动词用陈述语气完成时态。
Thisisthesecondtimethatwehaveachievedsuchagreatsuccess.
二．选择题
1.Ifonlyhe____quietlyasthedoctorinstructed,hewouldnotsuffersomuchnow.
A.liesB.layC.hadlainD.shouldlie
2.HowIwisheveryfamily____alargehousewithabeautifulgarden.
A.hasB.hadC.willhaveD.hadhad
3.Youdidnotletmedrive.Ifwe____inturn,you____sotired
A.drove;didn’tgetB.drove;wouldn’tgetC.weredriving;wouldn’tget
D.haddriven;wouldn’thavegot
4._____itraintomorrow,wewouldhavetoputoffthevisittotheYangpuBridge
A.WereB.ShouldC.WouldD.Will
5.Isuggestedtheperson_____tobeputintoprison
A.refersB.referringC.referredD.refer
6.Whenapencilispartlyinaglassofwater,itlooksasifit____
A.breaksB.hasbrokenC.werebrokenD.hadbeenbroken
7.Iinsisted_____toseeadoctor,butheinsistednothing___wrongwithhim
A.onhimtogo;shouldbeB.hewent;beC.hego;wasD.heshouldto;is
8.---Yourauntinvitesyoutothemoviestoday
---Ihadrathershe____metomorrowthantoday
A.tellsB.toldC.wouldtellD.hadtold
9.---Wouldyouhavecalledheruphaditbeenpossible
---Yes,butI____busydoingmyhomework
A.wasB.wereC.hadbeenD.wouldbe
10.Iwasillthatday,otherwiseI____thesportsmeet
A.wouldhavetakenpartinB.tookpartinC.hadtakenpartinD.wouldtakepartin
11.___theclouds,youwouldfindtheairplaneintheskyeasily
A.HaditnotbeenforB.IfitwerenotC.IfithadnotbeenforD.Wereitnotfor
12.Ifmylawyer____herelastSunday,he____mefromgoing
A.hadbeen,wouldhavepreventedB.hadbeen,wouldprevent
C.were,prevent D.were,wouldhaveprevented
13.____hard,hewouldhavepassedtheexam
A.Ifheweretowork B.Hadheworked C.ShouldheworkD.Werehetowork
14.____today,hewouldgettherebyFriday
A.WerehetoleaveB.Ifhehadleft C.Didhetoleave D.Hadheleft
15.Hadyoulistenedtothedoctor,you____allrightnow
A.are B.were C.wouldbe D.wouldhavebeen
16.Ididnotseeyoursisteratthemeeting.Ifshe____,shewouldhavemetmybrother
A.hascome B.didcome C.come D.hadcome
17.He____busyyesterday,orhe___youwithyourexperiment.
A.was,hadhelped B.was,wouldhavehelped C.hadbeen,wouldhavehelped D.were,wouldhavehelped
18.Ifit____forthesnow,we____themountainyesterday
A.werenot,couldhaveclimb B.werenot,couldclimb C.hadnotbeen,couldhaveclimbed D.hadn’tbeen,couldclimb
19.Withoutelectricity,humanlife____quitedifficulttoday
A.is B.willbe C.wouldhavebeen D.wouldbe
20.---Iamgoingtotellherthenews
---Iwouldassoonyou_____heraboutit
A.didn’ttell B.don’ttellC.hadn’ttell D.won’ttell
21.Mike’sfather,aswellashismother,insistedhe____home
A.stayed B.couldstay C.hasstayed D.stay
22.Itwasrequestedthattheplay____again
A.shouldputon B.wouldputon C.beputon D.puton
23.Sheinsistedthatadoctor_____immediately
A.hadsentfor B.send C.besentfor D.wassent
24.---Didyouscoldhimforhiscarelessness
----Yes,but____it
A.I’drathernotdo B.I’drathernothavedone C.Ishould’tdo D.I’dbetternotdo
25.IfonlyI___mycar
A.hadn’tlost B.wouldn’tlose C.didn’tlose D.haven’tlost
26.Butforwater,it____impossibletoliveintheearth
A.is B.would C.were D.wouldn’tbe
27.Iwouldratheryou____anythingaboutitforthetimebeing
A.do B.didn’tdo C.don’t D.didn’t
28.Thekind-heartedcoupletreattheorphanverywellasthoughhe____theirownson
A.is B.were C.hadbeen D.shouldbe
29.Howtheoldpeoplewishthatthey____youngoncemore
A.were B.couldbecome C.hadbeen D.shouldbe
30.Itishightimethatwe____ameetingtodiscussthisproblem
A.hold B.held C.haveheld D.hadheld
31.Thethiefclosedhiseyes____he____dying
A.evenif,was B.though,wouldbe C.even,hadbeen D.asif,were
32.Iwishthatyou____suchabadheadachebecauseIamsurethatyouwouldhaveenjoyedtheconcert
A.hadnot B.didnothavehad C.hadn’thad D.hadn’thave
33.Thechairmaninsistedthatwe____thequestionagain
A.willdiscuss B.todiscuss C.shoulddiscuss D.willbediscussed
34.Herequestedthatthestudents____themgetincrops
A.help B.tohelp C.helped D.helping
35.Theguardatthegateinsistedthateverybody_____therules
A.obeys B.Obey C.willobey D.wouldobey
36.IwishI____herethen
A.was B.hadbeen C.were D.wouldbe
37.Itisstrangethathe____backsoearly
A.came B.willcome C.hadcome D.shouldhavecome
38.MothersuggestedthatI___myhomeworkfirstbeforewatchingTV
A.did B.do C.shalldo D.havedone
39.Mysuggestionisthatthemeeting____offtillnestSunday
A.beput B.put C.shouldput D.hadbeenput
40.HeistalkingsomuchaboutAmericaasifhe____there
A.hadbeen B.hasbeen C.was D.been
41.Theteacherdemandedthattheexam_____beforeeleven
A.mustfinish B.wouldbefinished C.befinished D.mustbefinished
42.---Sorry,Joe.Ididnotmeanto……
----Don’tcallme“Joe”,IamMr.Parkertoyou,and____youforgetit!
A.do B.didn’t C.did D.don’t
43.IdidnotattendthelecturebyPro.Jackson.I____butI____allthismorning
A.would,havewashed B.could,havebeenwashing C.wouldhave,havebeenwashing D.couldhave,hadwashing
44.HowIwishI____torepairthewatch!Ionlymadeitworse
A.hadtried B.hadn’ttried C.havetried D.didn’ttry
45.----HowcouldIthankyouenough?
----Don’tmentionit.Anyotherman____it
A.mustdo B.coulddoC.wouldhavedone D.shouldhavedone
46.KeyEuropeangovernmentsinsistIraq’sco-operation____goodandmilitaryaction______toallowinspectionstocontinue
A.be,bedelayed B.is,delay C.shouldbe,bedelayed D.is,bedelayed
47.Ifthehurricanehadhappenedduringtheday-time,____moredeaths
A.itwouldhavebeen B.itwouldbe
C.therewouldbe D.therewouldhavebeen
48.Whatthecustomers_____fromthecompanyisthatthegoods____righttotheirhomes.
A.requested,deliverB.demand,bedelivered
C.request,shoulddeliver D.demand,delivered
49.Iflaw-breakers_____thesocietywillbeindisorder
A.madeunpunished B.cameunpunished C.wentunpunished D.notpunished
50.Wetookataxitotheairport.Otherwisewe____late
A.wouldbe B.were C.willbe D.wouldhavebeen
51.Supposinghenever____,whatwouldhappenthen
A.come B.came C.wouldcome D.willcome
52.Whatdoyouthinkhisproposalthatwe____aplayattheEnglishmeeting
A.hadputon B.shouldputon C.haveputon D.willputon
53.Ihopethatyou____right
A.willbe B.shouldbe C.were D.wouldbe
54.Asyouknow,Iamadisabledman,butIwouldbehappyifI___ofservicetoyou
A.am B.havebeen C.shouldbe D.wouldbe
55.Heinsistedthatwe____earlythenextmorning
A.start B.started C.wouldstart D.hadstarted
56.Ididnotseeyoursisteratthemeeting.Ifshe____,shewouldhavemetmybrother
A.hascome B.didcome C.hadcome D.came
57.We____lastnight,butwewenttothecinemainstead
A.musthavestudied B.mightstudy C.wouldstudy D.wouldhavestudied
58.Ifit_____thesnow,we_____theSimianMountainlastweek
A.werenot,couldhaveclimbed B.werenot,couldclimb
C.hadnotbeen,couldhaveclimbed D.hadnotbeen,couldclimb

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