人教版英语八年级下册单元知识点总结.doc

Unit 1 what’s the matter?
1. What’s the matter? 怎么了？
若是询问“某人怎么了?”要用“What’s the matter with sb.?”
拓展：What’s the matter with sb.?的同义句：
What’s wrong with sb.? / What’s the trouble with sb.?
中考再现：Hi, John. _____?
It’s Lucy, my dog. Her leg is hurt.
A. How are you B. What’s the matter
C. Who’s that D. What’s Lucy like

2. 疾病类短语:
. have a +疾病. e.g. :have a fever 发烧 have a cold 感冒 have a cough 咳嗽
‚. have a +身体部位-ache. e.g.: have a headache 头痛have a toothache 牙痛
ƒ. have a sore+身体部位. e.g.: have a sore throat咽喉痛 have a sore back背痛
中考再现：Mom, I_____.
I’m sorry to hear that, dear. We must go to see the dentist right away.
A. have a headache B. have a stomachache
C. have a toothache D. have a fever

3. lie down 躺下V. 躺，平躺。现在分词是lying. e.g.: Don’t lie in bed all morning!
拓展：lie 的词性和含义总结
. V. 位于，坐落在。e.g.: Japan lies to the east of China.
‚.V. 撒谎，说谎。lie to sb. 对某人撒谎。e.g.: Don’t believe her because she always lies.
ƒ. N. 谎言。tell lies/a lie说谎。e.g.: You shouldn’t tell lies to your parents.
注意
含义
过去式
过去分词
躺，平躺
位于，坐落在
lay
lain
撒谎，说谎
lied
lied

4. if 引导的条件状语从句时，主将从现。
中考再现：Stop smoking, Joe! You _____yourself if you keep on doing it like that.
A. will kill B. have killed C. kill D. killed
5.
see sb. doing sth.
表示“看到某人正在做某事”，强调动作正在进行
see sb. do sth.
表示“看到某人做某事”，强调动作经常发生或看到某个动作发生的全过程

e.g.: We saw the boy playing computer games.
We often see the boy play computer games.
We saw the boy lock the door and walk out of the room.
When I walked through the playground, I saw my friends _____football.
A. play B. to play C. playing D. is playing

6. get 短语
get up 起来，起床 get to(=reach, arrive in/at)到达 get on 上车
get off 下车 get into 陷入，参与 get in 进入，到达 get back 回来
get ready (for....) (为....)做准备 get on well with sb. 和某人和睦相处

7. to one’s surprise 令某人惊讶的是；surprise是名词，惊讶，惊奇。

8. have trouble/difficulty doing sth. 做某事时遇到困难。
I always have much trouble ____English words. Can you give me some advice?
A. to remember B. remember C. remembering

9. be used to doing sth. 习惯做某事。e.g.: They are used to living in the big city.
used to do sth. 过去常常做某事。 e.g.：He used to play football, but now he likes playing basketball.

10. take risks/a risk. 冒险。risk V. 冒险。
11. .run out 用完，用尽，主语通常是“时间，金钱，食物”等无生命的东西。
e.g.：All the money ran out.
‚.run out of 用完，主语通常是人。e.g.：We have run out of our pocket money.

12. off 短语：turn off 关闭，关掉 take off 起飞，脱掉 put off 推迟，拖延
get off 下车 give off 发出，散发 set off 出发
中考再现：We have to ____the bike ride because of the bad weather.
A. put off B. turn off C. take off D. get off

13. . important adj. 重要的 unimportant adj.不重要的 importance n. 重要性
中考再现From the show Running Man, we can learn the ________of team spirit.
‚.make a decision=decide 后接不定式，“做出决定，决定.....”
I made a big_______ to stop doing my job for a few months.
ƒ.be in control of 掌管，控制 out of control 脱离控制
中考再现：The car was out of _____and hit a tree by the road.
A. danger B. breath C. control D. practice

14. .keep (on)doing sth. 继续做某事，坚持做某事。
中考再现：He kept ____so that he could be in health.
A. exercise B. exercising C. to exercise
‚.give up “放弃”代词放中间 give up doing sth. 放弃做某事
中考再现:No matter how hard it is, don’t_____. Things will be better in the future. A. give out B. give up C. give away

15. 重难点全解：情态动词should
 should 的用法
作情态动词时，表责任和义务，意为“应当，应该”,可用于任何人称。
‚
肯定句
主语+should+动词原形+其他
否定句
主语+should not/shouldn’t+动原+其他
一般疑问句
Should+主语+动原+其他?
特殊疑问句
特殊疑问词+should+主语+动词原形？
ƒ近义表达：ought to /be supposed to do
翻译：现在你应该戒烟了。

16. 易错易混全解

too many
表示“太多”，修饰可数名词的复数
too much
表示“太多”，修饰不可数名词
much too
表示“太”，修饰形容词或副词
The meat is ___expensive and eating ____meat isn’t good for our health.
A. too much, much too B. too much, too much C. much too, too much D. much too, too many
‚
because
是连词，“因为，由于”，引导原因状语从句
because of
是介词短语，“因为，由于”，后跟名词、代词或动名词
Millie made a few mistakes in the exam ____her carelessness.
A. because B. so that C. as a result D. because of
ƒ
die
V. “死，去世，逝世”
dead
adj. “死的，死亡的”
death
n. “死，死亡”
中考再现：Lei Feng ____for many years, but his spirit is still encouraging us.
A. died B. has died C. was dead D. has been dead

Unit 2 I’ll help to clean up the city parks.
1. hope to do sth. 希望做某事， 含hope to do sth. 的句子可以转换为宾语从句。
eg: I hope to pass the exam.=I hope that I can pass the exam.
agree to do sth.
同意做某事
decide to do sth.
决定做某事
refuse to do sth.
拒绝做某事
remember to do sth.
记得做某事
forget to do sth.
忘记做某事
try to do sth.
尽力做某事
want to do sth.
想要做某事

2. “动词+up”的短语小结：
clean up打扫干净 cut up切碎 grow up长大 set up熬夜 set up建立，设立
stay up 熬夜 wake up 醒来，叫醒 take up 占用 give up 放弃 use up 用完
cheer up 使振作起来，使高兴起来（代词必须放中间）put up 搭建，张贴
make up 组成，编造 end up 最终成为，最后处于
中考再现：Many volunteers will help to ______the city parks next parks next Friday. A. give up B. pick up C. clean up

3. give out：发出，放出（热，光等）The sun gives out light and heat to the earth
‚用完，耗尽 We had just reached home when the petrol gave out.
ƒ公布，发表 The news of the event was given out over the radio.
4. give 的短语：give away 捐赠，赠给 give up 放弃 give back 归还
give off 发出，放出give in 让步，屈服 give sb. sth. =give sth. to sb.给某人某物

5. put off doing sth.推迟做某事 e.g.: We can’t put off making a plan.
常见的put短语：put on穿上，戴上 put out 熄灭，扑灭 put up 搭起，升起，张贴 put up with 容忍 put away 收起来
中考再现:They heard the party was ______because of the exam.

6. come up with 提出，想出（答案，计划等）
He ____________many ideas to solve these problem already.
7. used to变否定句或疑问句时常借助助动词did.
肯定句
主语+used to+动词原形...
否定句
主语+didn’t use to+动词原形...

一般疑问句
肯定答语
Yes,主语+did.
否定答语
No,主语+didn’t.

8. care的延伸:
派生词:careful小心的 carefully小心地 careless粗心的 carelessly粗心地
‚短语：care for照顾，喜欢 care about 关心，在意 take care 小心 take care of照顾，照料
9. such+ a/an+形容词+名词=so+形容词+a/an+名词 “如此........”
注意：当名词前有many, much, few, little修饰时，要用so,而不用such.
中考再现：We had _____awful weather _____we couldn’t finish the work on time.
A. at’ A.lonely, lonely 55555555555555555555555555555555555555555555555555555555555555555555555555555555555555555555555555555555so, that B. such, that C. such an, that

10. -ing 是名词后缀。e.g.：reading阅读 writing写作 spelling拼写 swimming游泳 skating滑冰 fishing钓鱼 smoking抽烟

11. be satisfied/pleased with... 对.... 满意 satisfaction n. 满意，满足

12. 常见的“take+介词/副词”短语：
take down写下，拆除 take off起飞，脱掉 take out取出，掏出 take in吸收 take over接管 take away带走 take up占用 take back收回
中考再现：I ____my father’s wet shoes and washed his feet.
A. took out B. took off C. took place

13. 常见的“动词+away”的短语： throw away扔掉，丢弃 run away逃跑 get away逃离 pass away 逝世 keep away离开，使不接近 take away带走 go away离开 put away收起来 give away 捐赠 stay away远离
----What are you doing, Mum? ----I’m ____some old things for a yard sale.
A. giving away B. hurrying up C. cleaning out D. walking into

14. be similar to 和....相似/类似 e.g.: His dress is similar to mine in color.

15. 常考的不同时态的被动语态：
一般现在时
am/is/are +done
一般过去时
was/were +done
现在进行时
am/is/are being +done
一般将来时

will be +done
am/is/are going to be +done
现在完成时
have/has been +done
中考再现：These model cars ____in China in 2013.
A. are made B. were made C. make D. made

16. make it +adj.（+for sb.)+to do sth. 使某人做某事........
find it +adj. （+for sb.)+to do sth. 发现....怎么样

17. be excited about 因...而兴奋不已 e.g.: We were excited about the good news.
同根词：excite v. 使激动，使兴奋 excited adj.激动的，兴奋的（常用来修饰人） exciting adj.令人激动的，兴奋的(常用来修饰事或物）excitement n.激动，兴奋
They are ____about the ____news. A. excited, excited B. exciting, exciting C. exciting, excited D. excited, exciting

18. could的用法:
表建议，语气较委婉“可以”e.g.: You could help to clean the park.
‚can的过去式，表示过去具备的能力。e.g.: She couldn’t dress herself until five.
19. 动词不定式的用法
A.动词不定式的语法功能
作主语
To learn English well is very important.=It is very important to learn English well.
作表语
My job is to look after patients.
作宾语
We want to go swimming.
作宾语补足语
She invited me to go to the concert.
作定语
I have something important to tell you.
作状语
She got up early to catch the early bus.
中考再现:I was tired out, so I stopped the car ____a short rest.
A. have B. having C. to have D. had

状语：状语是用于说明地点、时间、原因、目的、结果、条件、方向、程度、方式和伴随状况等的一种句法成份. 
　　状语一般由副词、介词短语、分词和分词短语、不定式或相当于副词的词或短语来担当.其位置一般放在句末,但也可放在句首或句中. 
1. 副词是一种用来修饰动词,形容词,副词或全句的词,说明时间,地点,程度,方式等概念. 
He speaks English very well. 他英语说得非常好. （very是程度副词,用来修饰well. very well是修饰speak的程度状语）
2.介词短语 
The boy was praised for his bravery. 那个男孩因为他的勇敢受到了表扬.（for his bravery在句中作原因状语）
3.从句作状语 
If I am not busy tomorrow, I will play football with you. 如果我明天不忙,我将和你一起踢足球.（If I am not busy tomorrow在句中作条件状语）
4. 不定式在句子中可以作目的状语. 
I come specially to see you. 我专门来看你. （to see you在句中充当目的状语）
5.分词作状语 
Having had a quarrel with his wife, he left home in a bad temper.和他妻子吵架后,他生气地地离家出走了.（having had a quarrel在句中作时间状语）
Reminded not to miss the flight at 15:20, the manager left for the airport in a hurry. （reminded not to miss the flight at 15:20在句中作时间状语）
由于时间关系,所附例句有限,希望你能对状语有一个概要的了解.

B.“特殊疑问词+动词不定式”结构
动词不定式可以用在疑问词what, how, when, where, which等之后，作主语，宾语，表语等。
e.g.: How to get there is a problem.（作主语）
I don’t know what to say.(作宾语）
The question is how to learn English well.(作表语）
中考再现：-----It’s important for us to know _____all the subjects.
----Yeah, group work is my favorite.
A. how to study B. when to study C. which to study D. what to study

C.含动词不定式的常用搭配
有些动词只能跟动词不定式作宾语plan, hope, agree, decide等。
e.g.: We plan to go climbing.
My father agreed to take us to the museum.
They decide to join the swimming club.
‚有些动词后要跟动词不定式作宾语补足语：

want sb. to do sth.
想要某人做某事
tell sb.to do sth.
告诉某人做某事
encourage sb.to do sth.
鼓励某人做某事
warn sb.to do sth.
警告某人做某事
ask sb.to do sth.
请求某人做某事
advise sb. to do sth.
建议某人做某事
中考再现:
We advise parents ___their children at home alone in order to keep them away from danger. A. leaving B. not to leave C. leave D. to leave

20. repair, mend, fix区别
repair意为 “修理”，修理的对象着重于破损，毁坏或发生故障不能正常使用的物体。e.g. : When I got home, my brother was repairing his radio.
‚mend意为“修理”，修理的对象是一些琐碎的物品。如粘贴的小用具，玩具，要缝补的衣物等。e.g.：My kite is broken. Can you mend it？
ƒfix意为“修理”，强调校准，校正。e.g.: He’s outside fixing the brakes in the car.
21. alone, lonely区别
alone
可以作形容词，副词，强调独自一人，没有同伴。作形容词时，在句中多用作表语或宾语补足语，不能作定语。
lonely
只能作形容词，意为“孤独的，寂寞的”带有一定的感情色彩
I was alone, but I did not feel lonely.
中考再现:She lives ____in a small village, but she didn’t feel ____.
A. lonely, lonely B. alone, lonely C. lonely, alone
22. open, close, turn on, turn off
open
close
用于能直接打开或关上的东西，如：门，窗，盒子，书
turn on
turn off
用于需要通过按钮，遥控或旋转才能打开的东西，如：电器（灯，电视，电脑）或水龙头tap

23. bring, take, carry, fetch
bring
意为“带来”，指把某人或某物从别的地方带到说话人处
take
意为“带走”,指把某人或某物从说话人处带到别的地方
carry
一般指 “随身携带”,此外多用于汽车，火车的交通工具时，表“运载”
fetch
表示“去取来”，口语中常用get，表示“去某地取某物，再回来”，表双向动作
Unite3 Could you please clean your room?
1. “Could you please do sth.?”的答语以下两种情况：
接受请求时
可以用Yes, sure./Sure./Of course./Certainly./No problem./My pleasure./It’s my pleasure./With pleasure.等来回答
拒绝请求时
可以用Sorry./Sorry, I can’t.等来回答，还可以用I have to do sth.来解释原因
其否定句是:“Could you please not do sth.?”

2. 有关“家务劳动”有关的短语：
take out the rubbish/trash倒垃圾 fold one’s clothes叠衣服 sweep the floor扫地 clean the room打扫房间 make one’s /the bed铺床 do the dishes/wash the dishes洗餐具

3. throw down扔下 throw at扔向，掷向 throw away扔掉，丢弃
中考再现：Recycling is good, so don’t _____bottles or newspapers.
A. find out B. hand in C. use up D. throw away

4. the minute 表示“一....就....”,相当于as soon as.(引导时间状语从句)
e.g.: I’ll tell him the minute he gets there.

5. 常见time的短语：
all the time一直，总是 at times 不时，有时 in time及时 on time按时 for the first time第一次 in no time立刻，马上 at any time随时 at the same同时 have a good/great/wonderful time玩的愉快 by the time到...的时候
中考再现：---Hurry up. It’s almost time for school.
---Don’t worry. We are sure to be at school_____.
A. at times B. on time C. all the time D. by the time
中考再现：-----Hurry up. It’s almost time for school.
-----Don’t worry. We are sure to be at school_____.
否定结构是not as/so…as, 表示“不如…….,比不上…..”
A．at times B. on time C. all the time D. by the time

6. as ….as 表示“和…..一样”，之间要用形容词或副词的原级。
e.g.: She is as tall as her elder brother.
中考再现：Look! This house is as ____as that one.
A. the most beautiful B. more beautiful C. beautiful

7. so, neither 引导的倒装句
结构
用法
so+助动词/be动词/情态动词+主语
当前面叙述的肯定事实也适用于后者时
neither+助动词/be动词/情态动词+主语
当前面叙述的否定事实也适用于后者时
中考再现：----I don’t understand the story in the new unit. What about you, Bob? ----______. A. Neither I do B. Neither do I C. So do I

8. in surprise 惊讶地 e.g.: She looked at me in surprise.

9. 宾语从句要用陈述句语序。e.g.: She asked me why I liked cartoons.
中考再现：----I’d like to know ______. ----Maybe in the forest.
A. whether we will go camping
B. where we will go camping
C. whether will we go camping
D. where will we go camping

10. in order to “目的是，为了”，后跟动词原形。in order to do sth. 表示“为了做某事”，否定结构是in order not to do sth. “为了不做某事”。
so that, in order that 表示“目的是，为了”，用来引导目的状语从句，可以转换为含to, in order to的句子。
中考再现:
In order ______for the meeting, my sister forced herself to get up early this morning. A. not to be late B. not being late C. to be late D. being late

11. provide sb. with sth.=provide sth. for sb.表示“给某人提供某物”。
中考再现：Parents often _____their children _____some good advice.
A. offer; with B. offer;/ C. provide; with D. both B and C

12. “动词+on”的短语：depend on/upon 依赖，依靠，取决于…., 由….决定
get on 上车 turn on 打开 come on 快点，加油 put on 穿上，上演
call on 号召 pass on 传递 concentrate on 专心，集中精力
中考再现：----Mum, shall we go to the beach tomorrow?
----It _____ the weather.
A. carries on B. lives on C. depends on D. holds on
13. since 作连词，意味“因为，既然”，此时引导原因状语从句，表示因果时语气没有because强烈。
（介词），自…以来,自从
He has eaten nothing since yesterday.
（副词），从那以后，此后
I saw him in June, but we haven’t met since.
(连词)，既然，因为，自…以来
He has been in the army since he left school.
中考再现: I _____scared of dogs ever since a dog hurt me when I was five years old. A. will be B. was C. have been D. would be

14. take care of 表示“照顾”，和look after, care for 是同义表达；表示“好好照顾某人”要用take good care of sb. =look after sb.well.
中考再现：In our daily life, we must learn to _____ourselves well at any time. It’s as important as studying. A. deal with B. worry about C. look after

15. ①as a result 意为“结果，因此”
eg.: He didn’t study hard. _______ ________ ________, he failed his exam.

②fall 的短语小结：fall asleep 睡着，入睡 fall ill 生病 fall behind 落后
fall off