中考英语常见动词短语及练习.doc

中考英语常见动词短语
1. break相关短语
break down出故障，坏了
My car broke down on the way home. 在回家的路上，我的车出故障了。
break out爆发 
A big fire broke out last night.   昨晚发生了火灾。
break into 闯入，破门而入
Someone broke into the room and stole a lot of things. 有人闯进了这个房间，偷了很多东西。
break up 打碎，分手
Break up the chocolate and melt it. 把巧克力打碎然后融化。
They broke up. 他们分手了。
2. call相关短语
call up打电话        
Don’t call me up at night. 不要在晚上给我打电话。
call out大喊
The boy is calling out in the room. 那个男孩正在房间里大喊。
call on 拜访某人
We call on our relatives and friends during the Spring Festival. 春节期间我们会走亲访友。
call at 拜访某地
They called at Mr. Brown’s office last week. 上周他们去拜访了布朗先生的办公室。
call for 要求
This job calls for great patience. 这份工作要求足够的耐心。
call off 取消
They have to call off the flight because of the fog. 由于大雾，他们不得不取消本次航班。
3. come相关短语
come down下跌，落，降，传下来   
The birds come down from the tree to pick some corns. 一些鸟从树上落下来拣谷物吃。
come in进来  
Come in, please. 请进！
come out出版，开花
A lot of flowers come out when spring comes. 当春天到来的时候，许多花都开了。
My father’s novel came out last month. 我爸爸的小说上个月出版了。
come on过来，快点  
Come on, my boy! I will give you something delicious to eat. 过来！我的孩子，我要给你一些好吃的东西。  
come along一道来，赶快
You can come along to his party with me. 你可以随同我一起去参加他的晚会。
come over走过来   
We often come over to our friends when we go out for a walk. 我们经常在散步的时候顺便拜访朋友。
come up走近     
The cat came up and caught the mouse. 这只猫走了过来，抓住了那只老鼠。
come back回来 
When will you come back? 你什么时候回来？  
come from来自
Both of them come from Japan. 他们俩都来自日本。
come up with 提出
Who has come up with this good idea? 是谁想出这个好办法的？
come to oneself 苏醒
The boy came to himself after the doctor’s hard work.
come true 实现
The Chinese hundred years’ dream of hosting the Olympic has come true at last. 中国人民百年奥运梦想最后终于实现了。
come about 发生
How did this come about? 这是怎么回事？
come across 偶遇，碰到
I came across my teacher in the street. 在街上我偶遇了我的老师。
4. cut相关短语
cut down砍倒
The farmers cut down a lot of trees every year. 农民每年砍伐很多树。
cut off 切断
He cut off the electricity and left home. 他切断电源，离开了家。
cut up切碎
She cut up the carrots and put them in the pot. 她把胡萝卜切碎放入锅中。
5. die相关短语
die of死于（内部原因如：疾病，饥饿，寒冷，情感）
A lot of people died of hunger every day. 每天都有很多人死于饥饿。
die from死于（外界原因）     
He died from a traffic accident. 他死于一场交通事故。
die out绝种
Dinosaurs died out long long ago. 恐龙很久之前就灭绝了。
die away 减弱，消退
The fire dies away. 大火渐渐减弱了。
6. fall相关短语
fall behind落后 
You will fall behind if you miss a lot of lessons. 如果你落下许多功课的话，你就会落在你的同班同学的后面。
fall down掉下，跌倒
The baby falls down when she runs to her mother. 这个婴儿朝妈妈跑去时跌倒了。
fall into 落入，陷入
The boys fell into the river to cool themselves. 孩子们跳进河里凉爽凉爽。
fall off 从...掉下
My brother falls off a big tree. 我的弟弟从一棵大树上掉下来。
fall asleep 入睡，睡觉
We all fell asleep quickly after working for a long time. 工作了很长一段时间后我们很快就入睡了
7. go相关短语
go along沿着....走
Go along the street and you will find the post office. 沿着这条街走，你就会发现邮局了。
go through通过，浏览
The train has to go through many tunnels. 这趟火车要过很多隧道。
He is going through today’s newspaper. 他正在浏览今天的报纸。
go over复习，检查     
You must go over all your lesson before the exam. 考试前你一定要把所有的功课复习一遍。             
go up上升，上涨
The price of pork is going up. 猪肉的价格还在上涨。
go down 下落，下跌
The price of oil will go down. 油价要跌了。
go against违反  
The students can’t go against the school rules. 学生不能违反校规。
go on (with) 继续进行   
Go on with your homework. 继续做作业。               
go out外出，熄灭  
The fire goes out finally. 火最终熄灭了。
go bad  变质 
The milk will go bad if we don’t put it in the fridge. 牛奶会变质，如果我们不把它放在冰箱里。
go ahead 好吧   
--- Can I use your car? 我可以用下你的车吗？
--- Go ahead. 好吧。
8. get相关短语
get down下来  
The price of the house will get down next year. 房子的价格明年会下来的。
get away 离开，逃跑
She didn't get away until nine last night. 直到晚上九点她才离开。
get on进展，上车 
We saw him get on the bus just now. 我们刚才看到他上车了。          
get off下车
Don’t get off until the bus has stopped. 车停稳再下车。
get over克服
They got over a lot of difficulties and finally succeeded. 他们克服了很多苦难，最终成功了。
get along/on with进展，相处
We get on well with the people there when we work in that village. 当我们在那个村庄工作的时候，我们与那里的人相处很融洽。
get up起床 
When do you usually get up in the morning? 你通常在早上什么时候起床？
get back取回，收回       
Please buy some bananas for me when you get back. 当你回来的时候，请给我买一些香蕉。           
get out 出去
The children got out of the room. 孩子们从这个房间出去了。
get to 到达
Please give me a call when you get to Beijing. 当你到达北京的时候请给我打个电话。
get married 结婚
My sister got married last month. 我的姐姐上个月结婚了。
get ready for为……做准备
We are getting read for the coming exam. 我们正在为即将到来的考试做准备。
get / be tired of对……感到厌倦
The children get tired of reading the book. 孩子们厌倦了读这本书。
get in touch with 取得联系
He is trying to get in touch with her. 他一直试图和她取得联系。
9. give相关短语
give away赠送，泄露
The teachers give away their money to the poor students.老师们把钱捐给那些贫穷的学生。  
Don’t give away the secret. 不要泄露秘密。
give out发出，分发
The teacher is giving out the papers. 老师正在发试卷。    
give in (to sb.) 屈服
The soldiers will not give in to the enemy. 士兵们不会像敌人屈服的。
give up放弃，让（座位）
My father has already given up smoking. 我的父亲已经放弃吸烟了。
give off 散发、发出
The sun gives off light and heat. 太阳发出光和热。
10. hand相关短语
hand in交上，提交
Hand in your homework, please. 请把作业交上来。
hand out分发    
She is handing out birthday cakes. 他正在分发生日蛋糕。
11. hold相关短语
hold on to继续，坚持
He held on to the rope and climbed up. 他抓住绳子，然后爬了上来。
hold up举起，使停顿
Hold up your hands. 举起手来。
The traffic is held up. 堵车了。
hold on别挂电话   
Hold on please. 别挂断，稍等。
hold off 挂断
She held off the telephone. 他生气地挂断了电话。
hold back 阻止，退缩
She tried to hold back tears. 他强忍着眼泪。
We shouldn’t hold back before difficulties. 在困难面前，我们不应该退缩。
12. keep 相关短语    
keep up with跟上
Hurry up, or you can’t keep up with them. 快点，否则你跟不上他们的。
keep in touch with 保持联系
Friends should keep in touch with each other. 朋友应当互相联系。
keep out 不使...进入 
Keep the dog out. 不要让狗进来。             
keep off 远离
Keep off the grass! 请勿践踏草坪。
keep away from避开，不接近
Keep away from the tiger; it is dangerous. 远离老虎，很危险。
keep on继续，坚持下来
He kept on reading English after breakfast. 早饭后，他继续读英语。
13. knock相关短语
knock at/on敲
Knock on the door before entering. 进门前，请敲门。
knock into撞到某人身上   
He knocked a young woman in the street. 在路上，他撞到了一个年轻女士。           
knock down 撞倒
A car knocked him down. 一辆车把他撞倒了。
knock over 打翻
The baby knocked over the bowl. 婴儿打翻了碗。
14. look相关短语
look up查找，向上看 
We looked up and saw a beautiful bird in the tree. 我们抬起头在树上看到一只漂亮的小鸟。
He often looks up some information on the internet.他经常在互联网上查一些信息。
look through翻阅，浏览     
She is looking through the magazines. 她正在浏览杂志。
look after照顾
My mother is looking after the baby now. 我的妈妈在照看这个婴儿。
look at 看
Please look at the blackboard and read after me. 请仔细看黑板并跟我读。
look like看起来像
The baby looks like her mother very much. 这个婴儿非常长得像他的妈妈。
look for寻找
What are you looking for in my room? 你在我的房间里寻找什么？
look out (for) 当心   
Look out! The car nearly hit you just now. 当心！刚才那辆车差点撞着你。
look out (of)向外看     
He looked out of the window and found a man in the garden. 他向窗外看，发现花园里有个人。                
look about/around/round环顾四周
He looked around but found nothing. 他环顾四周，什么都没发现。
look forward to盼望     
Everybody in my class is looking forward to watching the football match. 我们班每个人都期待着观看那场比赛。
look over 仔细检查
The doctor looked over the baby and found nothing wrong with him. 医生给这个婴儿作了仔细检查但没有发现什么问题。                   
15. make相关短语
make up编造，打扮
The man likes making up stories. 这个男的喜欢编故事。         
The lady makes up her face every morning. 这个女的每天早上都化妆。
make it 成功
You will make it sooner or later. 你迟早会成功的。
be made of 由……制成（看得出原材料）   
This bridge is made of stones and wood.
be made from 由……制成（看不出原材料）
This kind of paper is made from the grass.   
be made in 在……地方制造
The red cars are made in Shanghai. 这些红色的小汽车是上海生产的。
make room for给……腾出地方
—Can you make room for your mother? 你能给你的妈妈腾个地方吗？
—But there is no room here. 但这里没有地方了。
make up one’s mind下决心
They make up their mind to help the poor boy. 他们下决心帮助那个贫穷的男孩。
make fun of拿…...开玩笑
Don’t make fun of the poor boy. 不要取笑那个可怜的孩子。
make friends with 交朋友
He likes making friends with others. 他喜欢和别人交朋友。
16. try 相关短语 
try on试穿
She tried on that pair of shoes but they were a little bigger. 她试穿了那双鞋，但是有点大了。
try one’s best 尽力
The doctors are trying their best to save the young man. 医生们正在尽力地挽救那个年轻人。
17. pay相关短语
pay back还钱 
I will pay back the money on time. 我会按时还钱的。
pay for付钱
Who will pay for the dinner? 这顿饭谁买单？
pay off  偿还
Pay off the money you borrowed from. 偿还你借我的钱。
pay up 全部还清
He paid up all the debt in the end. 最终，他还清了所有的债务。
18. pick相关短语
pick up拾起，接人
Pick up the books on the floor. 捡起地上的书。
My father will pick me up after school. 放学后，爸爸会来接我的。
pick out挑选出 
She is picking the beans out in the rice. 他把米里的大豆捡了出来。
19. put相关短语
put up张贴，举起  
The boy put up his hand and asked some questions. 那个男孩举起手问了一些问题。
Could you put up the picture? 你把这幅画贴上好吗？
put out扑灭    
The firemen came and put out the fire. 消防员来把火扑灭了。
put off推迟         
The meeting will be put off because of the weather. 会议因为天气将被推迟。     
put away放好   
Jim, put away your books. 吉姆，把你的书收起来。       
put down记下，放下
He put down his pen and began to listen to the teacher. 他放下钢笔开始听老师讲课。
Put down my telephone number please. 请记下我的电话号码。
put on穿戴，上映
My father put on his coat and went out. 我的爸爸穿上他的大衣就出去了。     
A new play will be put on next week. 下周将上映一部新片。        
put back放回
Please put the books back when you finish them. 书读完后，请放回去。
20. do相关短语
do one’s best 尽最大努力
You must do your best to learn English well. 你应该尽你最大努力学习好英语。
do well in 在……干得好
My brother does better in playing soccer than Tom. 我的弟弟足球比汤姆踢得好。
do someone a favor帮某人忙
Can you do me a favor? 你能帮我个忙吗？
do with处置, 处理
What do you often do with the waste paper? 你们经常怎样处理废纸？
21. run相关短语
run after追逐
She is running after the school bus. 她正在追赶校车。
run away/off 逃跑  
The boy broke the window and ran away. 这个男孩打破了窗户，跑掉了。
run out (of)用完
My money is running out. 我的钱快用完了。
We ran out of coal and had to burn wood. 我们用完了煤，只好烧木柴了。
22. set相关短语
set up建立       
Our school will set up a new library next year. 明年我们学校将会建一个新的图书馆。
set off/out 出发     
They set out for Beijing early in the morning. 他们一大早就出发去北京了。
23. take相关短语
take out 取出
Please take out a piece of paper. 请取出一张纸。
He took a book out of his bag. 他从包里拿出一本书。
take after 与…相像
The boy takes after his father. 这个男孩长得像他爸爸。
take off脱掉，起飞  
My mother took off her coat and began to cook. 我妈妈脱掉他的大衣开始做饭。
When will the plane take off? 飞机什么时候起飞？
take away拿走  
Take away your books. 把你的书拿走。
take up占用（时间空间）   
Study takes up most of my time. 学习占用了我大部分时间。
take down记录，取下    
He takes down the book from the shelf. 他把书从书架上拿了下来。    
The students are taking down what the teachers said. 学生们正在记老师说的东西。
take back收回，带回
I will take back the money he borrowed me. 我会拿回他欠我的钱。
take care of 照顾
The little girl always takes good care of her sick mother. 这个小女孩总是细心照顾有病的妈妈。
take part in参加（活动）
Who will take part in the speech contest in your class? 你们班谁将参加讲演比赛？
24. think相关短语
think of想起，认为，对…看法   
What do you think of my article? 你认为我的文章怎么样？
think out/up想出 
He thought out the way to solve the problem. 他想出了解决这个问题的办法。
think about考虑       
They are thinking about their work. 他们正在考虑他们的工作。
think over仔细考虑     
Please think it over and tell me your decision. 请认真考虑一下，告诉我你的决定。
25. turn相关短语
turn on 打开      
Please turn on the TV. I want to watch the football match. 请打开电视，我想看足球赛。
turn off  关掉    
He turned off the lights and went to bed. 他关上灯上床睡觉了。
turn to sb. for help 向某人求助
We can turn to help for our teachers when we have problems. 当我们遇到问题的时候，我们可以向老师求助。
turn down音量调低
Please turn down the TV. I am doing my homework. 我正在做作业，请把电视机的声音调低。
turn up音量调大  
Turn up the radio a little. I can’t hear it clearly. 把录音机声音调大点，我听不清楚。           
turn round/around转过身来     
She turned around and said hello to me. 她转过身来向我问好。                       
26. care 相关短语
care about 担心，在乎
Who cares about it? 谁在乎啊？
care for 关心，关怀
She is caring for her sick mother in the hospital. 她正在医院里照顾她生病的妈妈。
27. clean相关短语
clean up 把…打扫干净，把…收拾整齐
After school, the students will clean up the classroom. 放学后，学生们会打扫教室。
clean out 清除
Clean out the rubbish in the house. 清除房子里的垃圾。
28. learn相关短语
learn about 获悉，得知，了解
He learn a lot about the history of America. 他对美国历史了解很多。
learn from  从/向...学习
We should learn from Lei Feng. 我们应该向雷锋学习。
29. fight相关短语
fight for争取获得
All the competitors are fighting for the championship. 所有的参赛选手都力争获得冠军。
fight with/against与...搏斗/战斗
The children are fighting with each other. 孩子们在互相斗殴。
30. dream相关短语
dream of/about梦想，梦到
She dreamt of having a big house. 她梦想拥有一个大房子。
31. work相关短语
work for 为...工作
Now, he is working for a bank. 现在他在一家银行工作。
work out 解决，算出
Who can work out the Maths problem? 谁可以解决这个数学问题呢？
work on 致力于，继续工作
The scientists are working on finding a new cure for cancer. 科学家们正在致力于发现癌症的新药方。
He worked on after returning home. 回到家后，他继续工作了。
at work 在工作
He was still work at eleven o’clock last night. 昨天晚上十一点钟的时候，他还在工作。
work as 担任
He works as a worker in the factory. 他是这个工厂的一名工人。
32. argue相关短语
argue with与...争论
Don’t argue with me. 不要和我争论。
argue about争论
They are arguing about how to get there. 他们正在讨论如何去哪里。
33. talk相关短语
talk about谈论有关某事
They were talking about their plan when I got there. 当我到达那里时，他们在谈论他们的计划。
talk with/ to 和某人交谈
Who will talk with me? 谁将和我交谈？
34. hear 相关短语
hear of 听说，得知
I heard of the news from my sister. 从我姐姐那里，我听说了这个消息。
hear about听到有关...的事
I heard about the new neighbor. 我听说了有关那个新邻居的一些事情。
hear from接到...的信
I didn’t hear from my parents for a long time. 我很久没收到父母的来信了。
35. talk相关短语
talk about 讨论某事
The foreigners like talking about the weather. 外国人喜欢讨论天气。
talk with/to和某人讨论
She is talking with her friends. 她正在和朋友聊天。
36. live相关短语
live in 住在
They lived in Canada. 他们住在加拿大。
live on/by 以...为主食
The people in the south live on rice. 南方人以米为生。
37. stand相关短语
stand out 突显，引人注目
He stands out from the crowd. 他从人群中站了出来。
stand up 起立，站起来
He stands up and answers the teacher’s question. 他站起来回答老师的问题。
38. agree相关短语
agree with 同意（某人）
I don’t agree with you much. 我不是很同意你所说的。
agree to 同意（某事）
They agreed to my plan. 他们同意了我的计划。
agree on 在某事上达成一致意见
They finally agreed on the theme of the meeting. 他们最终在会议主题上达成了一致意见。
39. show相关短语
show around 带领某人参观
Can you show me around the school? 你可以带领我参观学校吗？
show up 出现，露面
He didn’t show up until the end of the meeting. 直到会议结束的时候，他才出现。
show off 炫耀
He likes showing off everything he has. 他喜欢炫耀他拥有的每一样东西。
40. 其它常用词组
wake up 醒，唤醒
He wakes up at seven every night. 他每天晚上七点起床。
Please wake me up early. 请早点把我喊醒。
stay up 熬夜
He often stays up for his homework. 他经常熬夜写作业。
depend on依靠；取决于
Children shouldn’t depend much on their parents. 孩子们不应该太依赖父母。
The outing depends on the weather. 出行取决于天气。
worry about为...担忧
Don’t worry about me. I am all right. 不用担心我，我没事。
laugh at嘲笑
It’s impolite to laugh at others. 嘲笑别人是不礼貌的。
grow up成长
The mother hopes her son can grow up soon. 妈妈希望儿子快点子长大。
throw away 丢弃
Throw aw