仁爱英语八年级下册知识点梳理.doc

八年级下册课本知识点梳理
Unit 5
How are you doing? =How are you? 你怎么样？
Guess what? 你猜怎么着？
invite sb. to do sth. 邀请某人做某事
a ticket to The Sound of Music 一张音乐之声的电影票
one of（+形容词最高级）+复数名词 “（最…的）…之一”
spend, pay, cost和take四个词表示花费的用法:
某人 spend 时间/金钱 on 某物 I spent 10 dollars on this book.
某人 pay 金钱 for 某物 I paid 10 dollars for this book.
某物 cost 某人 金钱 常用句型： It cost/costs sb. some money to do sth.
某事 takes 某人 时间 常用句型：It takes/took sb. some time to do sth.
注意：spend和pay的主语是人，而cost和take的主语是物。然后再思考每个词的搭配。最后注意cost花费的是金钱，而take花费的是时间。
spend除了表示花费，还表示度过的意思。
prepare sth. for sb. 为某人准备某物
say thanks to sb. 对某人表示感谢；向某人道谢
on one’s way here/there/home
on one’s way to +地点名词
be able to 能够
What a pity! 真遗憾！
本单元重点是be动词或感官动词加形容词构成的洗标结构。
回顾学过的感官动词：feel, sound, smell, taste, look, seem
4个表示变化的系动词：become, go, get, turn
What’s the matter with sb.? 某人怎么了？
Which movie do you like best? = What’s your favorite movie?
注意类似exciting-excited, interesting-interested, surprising-surprised 的区别：
-ing翻译为“令人…的”， 而-ed翻译为“感到…的”， 所以-ing修饰的是物， 而-ed修饰的是人。
care for sb./ look after sb./ take care of sb. 照顾某人
because of +短语 because+句子
teach sb.（to do）sth. 教某人（做）某事
perform plays 表演话剧
cheer sb. up 使某人振作
start at 在…开始
at first 首先，起初
begin with 以…开始
come into being 形成，产生
has a history of … years 有…年的历史
be full of 充满…
agree with sb. 同意某人
make peace with sb. 与某人和平相处
used to +动词原形 过去常常做某事
be popular with sb. 受到某人的欢迎
be interested in sth. 对某物感兴趣
at the end of 在…的结尾
in the end= at last 最后
Anything wrong? 出什么事了？
I’m sorry to hear that. 听到那个我很抱歉。
seem to be She seems to be a student. 她似乎是个学生。
do badly in 在某事中做得差
do well in 在某事中做得好 （= be good at）
be strict with sb. 对某人要求严格
talk with/to sb. about sth. 和某人谈论某事
be worried about 担心
fail the exam 考试失败
why don’t you +动词原形= why not +动词原形 “为什么不…呢？”(表示提建议)
at your age 在你的年纪
make friends with sb. 与某人交朋友
by the way 顺便问一下，顺便说一声
I find it difficult to learn English well. （it 做形式宾语，真正的宾语是不定式）
How time flies! 时光飞逝!
What’s more 并且，而且
as… as 像…一样（同级之间的比较，两个as之间夹形容词或副词的原形）
not as/so …as 不如… (可转化成含有比较级的句子)
Lucy is as beautiful as Lily. Lucy isn’t as beautiful as Lily.
Tom runs as fast as Bill. Tom doesn’t run so fast as Bill.
either… or… 或者…或者 （遵循就近原则）， either是否定句中的“也”
I don’t like him, either. 我也不喜欢他。
遵循就近原则的几个固定搭配：
either… or…; neither…nor…, not only… but also…, there be
With the help of sb. 在某人的帮助下
get/be used to (+v-ing) sth 习惯于(做)某事
be afraid to do sth.= be afraid of doing sth. 害怕做某事
best wishes to sb. 给某人最好的祝愿
deal with sth. 处理，解决某事
refuse to do sth. 拒绝做某事
instead of 而不是
instead 取而代之的是
be angry with sb. 生某人的气
even though 尽管
It’s useless to do sth. 做某事是没用的
not… any longer = no longer= no more = not any more 不再
by oneself = on one’s own 由某人自己
give a speech 做演讲
listen to 听
be confident about sb. 对某人有信心
in a good/bad mood 心情好/坏
do sth for sb. 为某人做某事
What/How about +doing 做某事怎么样？
be proud of sb. 以某人为骄傲
put on 穿上，戴上；上演(put on a short play)
get ready for sth 为某事做好准备
Mid-autumn Festival 中秋节
get together with sb. 与某人团聚
fill with 充满
be crowded with sb./sth. 挤满某人/某物
have trouble (in) doing sth. 做某事有困难
some day 某天
calm down 冷静，镇静
such as 例如
It is +形容词（+ for sb. ）+ to do sth. 对于某人来说，做某事是…的。
remember to do sth. 记得要去做某事
remember doing sth. 记得做过某事
take part in 参加
in trouble 处于困境中，陷于麻烦中
call sb. at +电话号码 拨打某人的电话….

Unit 6
go on a trip 去旅行
three-day visit 三天的旅行
It takes/took/ will take sb. some time to do sth. 做某事花费某人多长时间
(it 是形式主语，真正的主语是后面的不定式)
make a decision 做一个决定 make the decision 做决定
too…to… 太…而不能…
find out 找出，查清楚，弄明白
the cost for（doing）sth. (做)某事的花费
over the phone 通过电话
decide on sth. 决定某事
the best way to do sth. 做某事最好的方式
plan to do sth. 计划做某事
start out 出发
by train/bus/plane… 乘坐…
would like to do 想要做某事
tickets to Mount Tai 到泰山的票
at +价格 I bought this dress at $50.
book a train ticket 预订一张火车票
raise money 筹钱
think of 认为，想出
serve sth. to sb. 用某物招待某人 （=serve sb. with sth.）
Spring/Summer/Fall/Winter is the best time to do sth. 春/夏/秋/冬是做某事的好时候
places of interest 名胜古迹
help sb.（to）do sth. 帮助某人做某事
advise sb. to do sth. 建议某人做某事
I’m looking forward to hearing from you. 期待着你的来信。（写信时最好用上这个句子）
look forward to doing 期待着做某事
hear from sb. 收到某人的来信
leave/left for +地点 动身去某地，for后面接的是要去的地方，而不是离开的地方
On the third day of our trip 在我们旅行的第三天
so…that… 如此…以至于…
enjoy (doing) sth. 喜欢做某事
While A was doing sth., B was doing sth. 当A在做某事的时候，B在做某事。
On vacation 在度假
How about/What about doing sth.? 做某事怎么样？
be busy doing 忙于做某事
come along with sb. 与某人一起
work out 算出
in the center of 在…的中心
from south to north 从南到北
Monument to the People’s Heroes 人民英雄纪念碑
be meaningful to sb. 对某人有意义
can’t wait to do sth. 迫不及待要做某事
can’t help doing 情不自禁要做某事
can’t help to do sth. 不能帮忙做某事
How far is it from A to B? A到B地有多远？
arrive at +小地点
arrive in +大地点
have fun (in) doing sth. 做某事有乐趣
obey/break the traffic rules 遵守/打破交通规则
save energy 节约能源
get a fine 得到罚款，收到罚单
be good for 对…有好处
share A with B 与B一起分享A
pay attention to 注意，留心
traffic signals 交通信号
safety rules 安全准则
in case of 以防，万一，假使
first aid 急救
call sb. for help 打电话向某人求助
in a word= in short= all in all 总而言之
lend sth to sb. 把某物借给某人
empty into 注入

Unit 5& Unit 6 重要语法点：状语从句
在这两个单元里，最重要的语法是系动词加形容词构成的系表结构，原因状语从句，不定式在句子中做主宾表定状补语，最重要的是时间状语从句和条件状语从句。一定切实理解并掌握“主将从现”四个字。
时间状语从句的引导词：when, while, as, until, not…until, before, after, as soon as
Eg: I will stay here until she comes back.
I won’t leave until she comes back.
I will go with her when she leaves.
I will call you as soon as I arrive in Beijing.
条件状语从句的引导词：if，unless
Eg: We won’t go to climb the mountain if it rains tomorrow.
If it rains tomorrow, we won’t go to climb the mountain.
She won’t come back from the market unless she gets enough things.

Unit 7
know about 了解
turn to sb.= turn to sb. for help= ask sb. for help 向某人求助
get in touch with sb. 与某人取得联系
keep in touch with sb. 与某人保持联系
lose in touch with sb. 与某人失去联系
think about 思考
think over 仔细思考
think of 认为
try one’s best to do sth. 尽某人最大的努力做某事
have a sweet tooth 爱吃甜食
enough的用法：名前形副后，注意到底是用形容词还是副词与enough搭配
decide to do sth. 决定做某事
thank you for doing sth. 谢谢你做某事
regret(遗憾)，forget（忘记），remember（记得）三个词用法一致：
regret to do:遗憾得去做某事； regret doing: 遗憾做了某事
forget to do: 忘记要去做某事； forget doing: 忘记做过某事
remember to do: 记得要去做某事； remember doing: 记得做过某事
这三个词后面都可以接that引导的宾语从句。
instead of : 代替，而不是。接动词的话要用动词的ing形式。
play for:效力于，为…打比赛
play against: 与…对打；与某个队打比赛
fight for: 为…而战
fight against: 与…作斗争，与…对抗
as a result 结果
with no roofs and walls= without roofs and walls
Well done! 做得好！
add sth. to sth: 把某物加入某物里
cooked meat 熟肉 boiled water: 开水 boiling water: 正在沸腾的水
描述做一件事情的步骤：First，next，then, finally。在描述做一件事情的过程当中，肯定要用到很多动词，可以运用适当的副词来修饰这些动词。
mind doing :介意做某事 mind not doing: 介意不做某事
Would you mind teaching me? 你介意教我吗？
Would you mind not making so much noise? 你能不制造这么多噪音吗？
cut up: 切碎
cut A into B: 把A切成B
learn sth. from sb. 从某人处学习某物
learn to do:学习做某事
Practice makes perfect. 熟能生巧。
do sth for the first time: 第一次做某事
table manners: 餐桌礼节
Start with: 以…开始
eat up: 吃光
drink to sb./sth. 向某人祝酒，为某事祝酒
remember not to do: 记得不要做某事
finish doing: 完成做某事
eating habits:饮食习惯
be far away from:远离…
pick up: 捡起；接某人
at the same time: 同时
Enjoy yourselves!= Have a good time!
for sale: 供出售 on sale: 廉价销售
everyone/everybody做主语，谓语动词记得用单数。
May I take your order? 可以点餐了吗？
May I have the bill, please? 我可以结账了吗？
by phone: 通过电话
How are you doing?= How are you?
go well: 进展顺利
be worth doing: 值得做某事 The book is worth reading. 这本书值得一读。
Best wishes to you! 给你最好的祝愿！
in a right way: 用正确的方式
It’s said that: 据说…
not only… but also…:注意①就近原则；②not only后面如果是一个句子，该句子应倒装，即变为疑问句。
Eg: He is not only a teacher, but also a singer.=Not only is he a teacher, but also he is a singer.
He likes not only English, but also math.= Not only does he like English, but also he likes math.

Unit 8
fashion show: 时装秀
感叹句结构：① What（a/an）+形容词+名词（+主语+谓语）！
What a nice coat!
What fine weather!
② How +形容词（+主语+谓语）！
How nice the coat is !
one做代词：She has a blue dress, while I have a red one.
What do you think of them?= How do you like them?
so that: 以便 （可以和in order to做句型转换）
She gets up early so that she can catch the train.= She gets up early in order to catch the train.
What size 问尺码 What size is your shirt?
such… that 和so…that的区别：
正如在感叹句中what修饰名词而how修饰形容词或副词一样，such跟what一样，修饰名词；so跟how一样，修饰形容词或副词。Such修饰单数可数名词，其后要有a/an.
She is so kind that everyone likes her.
She is such a kind girl that everyone likes her.
The windbreaker is so cool that you should buy it at once.
It’s such a cool windbreaker that you should buy it at once.
“建议” : advice:不可数名词，可用some修饰；suggestion：可数名词
be good at: 擅长于，可与do well in做同义句转换。
be made of :由…制成（可看出原材料）
be made from :由…制成（不可看出原材料）
protect sb. from sth. 保护某人免受某物的伤害
The sunglasses can protect our eyes from the sun light.
As the saying goes :正如俗语说的
Not really. 不完全是。
depend on: 依靠，依赖，取决于
survey sb. about sth. 关于某事调查某人
take off: 脱下；起飞
在…的场合，介词用on:
on every occasion: 在每个场合
on different occasions: 在不同的场合
on special occasions: 在特殊的场合
Japanese people wear kimonos for formal occasions. 日本人为正式的场合穿和服（注意介词）
stop sb. from doing sth. 阻止某人做某事
in the daily life: 在日常生活中
in fact: 事实上
at Christmas: 在圣诞期间
as well as: 也，和，还
主谓一致：当主语后面用with, together with, along with, as well as连接其他人称时，这些词后面的人称不是主语，它们只是伴随状语。
Tom as well as Lucy likes English. (Tom是主语，Lucy不是主语，是伴随状语)
Tom with his parents likes China. (Tom是主语，his parents不是主语，是伴随状语)
another表泛指，后面常加数词再加名词。 如：another three students
以here和there开头的句子要倒装，如果原主语是名词，就用完全倒装。如果原主语是代词，就用部分倒装。
完全倒装： Here come the models! There goes the bell!
部分倒装： Here he comes!他来了！ Here they are! 他们在这儿！
She is in a red coat.= She wears a red coat.
be full of: 充满
be known to sb. : 被某人所知
well-known意思等同与famous
be famous for sth.= be well-known for sth.: 因为某物而著名
be famous as= be well-known as: 作为…而著名
遵循就近原则的词组：
either…or…, neither… nor… , not only…but also…; there be 句型
Not only Tom but also I am a student.
Either we or he is right. 我们或者他是对的。
Neither he nor we are right. 他和我们都是不对的。
There is a book and two pens on the desk.
be different from: 与…不同
in the past 在过去
at one time=once 曾经

Unit 7& Unit 8重要语法点：宾语从句
宾语是句子的一个重要成分，它可以由名词、代词、名词短语或句子充当。当句子充当宾语时，这个句子就称为宾语从句。宾语从句是一种名词性从句，在句中作及物动词的宾语，或介词的宾语，或形容词的宾语。
一．宾语从句的引导词
根据引导宾语从句的不同连词，宾语从句可分为三类。
1. 由that引导的宾语从句。that只有语法作用, 没有实在的意义，在口语和非正式文体中可以省略。例如： He said (that) he wanted to stay at home.
She doesn’t know (that) she is seriously ill.
I am sure (that) he will succeed.
2. 由连接代词who, whom, whose, what, which和连接副词when, where, why, how引导的宾语从句。这些连接代词和连接副词在宾语从句中充当某个成分。
Do you know who (whom) they are waiting foe?
He asked whose handwriting was the best.
Can you tell me where the No.3 bus stop is?
I don’t know why the train is late.
3. 由if或whether引导的宾语从句。If和whether在句中的意思是“是否”。
I want to know if (whether) he lives there.
He asked me whether (if) I could help him.
二. 宾语从句的语序
宾语从句的语序应为陈述句的语序。
例如： I hear (that) physics isn’t easy.
I think (that) you will like this school soon.
Can you tell me how I can get to zoo?
Please tell me when we’ll have the meeting.
三. 宾语从句的时态
1. 如果主句的时态是一般现在时，宾语从句该用什么时态就用什么时态。
如： I don’t think (that) you are right. Please tell us where he is.
Can you tell me how I can get to the railway station? I don’t know whether he will come or not.
2. 如果主句的时态是一般过去时，宾语从句只能用相应的过去时态（一般过去时， 过去进行时， 过去将来时，过去完成时）。
He asked what time it was.
He told me that he was preparing for the sports meet.
He asked if you had written to Peter.
He said that he would go back to the U.S. soon.
3. 如果宾语从句所陈述的是客观真理，其时态用一般现在时, 不用管主句的时态。
Our teacher said that January is the first month of the year.
Scientists have proved that the earth turns around the sun.
更多例子：
I heard that he joined the army. 我听说他参军了。
I’m afraid (that) you are wrong. 恐怕你错了。
I think he will be all right in a few days. 我想他几天就会好了。
I hope that you’ll be better soon. 我希望你很快康复。
I don’t think (that)you are right. 我认为你不对。
I didn’t think he was wrong yesterday. 我认为他昨天没错。
The teacher told me (that) the earth is round. 老师告诉过我，地球是圆的。
9