珍贵资料--高中英语语法总结归纳--历年高考真题常考点详细归纳讲解与练习3--形容词和副词.doc

第三章 形容词和副词

形容词用来修饰、说明名词或不定代词，表示人或物的性质、特征和状态。而副词是用来修饰动词、形容词、其他副词或整个句子，有时也能修饰名词，表示时间、地点、方式、程度等。何时用形容词何时用副词是许多同学搞不清楚的地方。一些常见形容词、副词的区别也是高考的一个重点。

第1讲 形容词和副词的选用

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考点1. 根据所作的句子成分选用形容词和副词
修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子用副词，这时，副词作状语；作定语、表语和补语时一般用形容词。
可简单归结为：形作“定表补”；副修“副句形动”(可谐音记为“付诸行动”)，常做状语。
常见的使用形容词的情况：作表语、定语、补语。
He is a careful boy.（作定语，用形容词）
He is careful.（作表语，用形容词）
You must keep your eyes closed. （作宾语补足语，用形容词）。
常见的使用副词的情况：修饰动词、形容词、副词和整个句子。
He writes carefully. He walks slowly.
(认真地写，慢慢地走，修饰动词用副词)
This material is environmentally friendly.
（修饰形容词用副词）
He runs very slowly.
（修饰副词slowly, 因此very是副词）
Unfortunately, he lost all of his money.
（修饰整个句子用副词）
Ⅰ. 用括号内词的形容词或副词形式的适当形式填空, 并说明为什么用这种形式。
1. This math problem is _____ and I can work it out _____.(easy)
2. There was a _____ wind last night, it blew _____.(strong)
3. The boys have a _____ time, they’re playing _____.(happy)
4. The_____ girl sings very _____. (beautiful)
5. “I’ve missed it,” Robert said _____. (angry)
6. _____（surprising）, he returned safe and sound (安然无恙地) the next morning.
7. _____ (hope), he can get on well with all his classmates in the new school.
8. _____, he didn’t fail in the exam.(luck)
9. He was _____ ill and I was _____ sorry for that. (terrible)
10. It was _____ (extreme) cold that day and the meeting was _____ (especial) important.
11. He is an _____ singer and he sings _____ well. (incredible)
Ⅱ. 选择括号内的形容词或副词填空。
The hikers were walking (1.slow/slowly) up the mountain path. Suddenly, they saw a large creature above them. It looked very (2. strange/strangely), with a large head and thick black hair. The creature screamed (尖叫) （3. loud/loudly. ）It sounded (4.horrible /horribly), like the scream of a mad person. Then the creature ran (5.quick/quickly) behind a rock. When the hikers got there, they saw big footprints in the snow and some black hair on the rocks. The hair was dirty and smelled （6. terrible/terribly）. The hikers (7. careful /carefully) took photos. From that moment they started to feel (8.anxious/anxiously) and they slept (9.bad/badly) that night. When they got back home, they developed (冲洗) the photos. There was nothing there, only snow and rocks!
Ⅲ. 单项选择。
1. 【1991全国】These oranges taste _______.
A. good B. well
C. to be good D. to be well
2.  【2006上海春】Some experts think that language learning is much _____ for children as their tongues are more flexible. 
A. easy B. easier
C. easily D. more easily
3. 【2009福建】It seems that living green is _____ easy and affordable. A small step makes a big difference.
A. exactly B. fortunately
C. surprisingly D. hardly
4. —What do you think of the plan?   
—I feel _____ that we ought to give it up at once. 
A. strong B. stronger
C. strongly D. it strong
5. 【1993全国】She doesn’t speak _____ her friend, but her written work is excellent.
A. as well as B. so often as 
C. so much as D. as good as
6. 【2004上海】He speaks English well indeed, but of course not _____ a native speaker.
A. as fluent as B. more fluent than
C. so fluently as D. much fluently than
7. 【2006湖南】Although she did not know Boston well, she made her way _____ to the Home Circle Building. (答疑qq 329950885)
A. easy enough B. enough easy
C. easily enough D. enough easily
8. 【2007 上海春】Nowadays the roles of husband and wife are not as _____ defined as before, especially when both partners work and earn money for the family.
A. clear B. clearer
C. clearly D. more clearly
9. 【2007 浙江】Work gets done _____ when people do it together, and the rewards are higher too.
A. easily B. very easy
C. more easily D. easier
10. 【2005上海春】—What a nice fire you have in your fireplace!
—During the winter I like my house _____.
A. warmly and comfortably 
B. warm and comfortable
C. warm and comfortably 
D. warmly and comfortable
11. 【2007 上海春】Although the country has had political independence for over a century, _____ it needs the support of its neighbors.
A. naturally B. economically
C. especially D. luckily
12. _____, the thief didn’t take anything valuable but my notebook.   
A. Strange it is B. To be strange   
C. Strangely enough D. It was strange
考点2. 形容词也作状语，但表示主语所处的状态
1. 【2013上海】The judges gave no hint of what they thought, so I left the room really ________.
A. to be worried B. to worry
C. having worried D. worried
2. The old hostess stood _____ for a moment when she saw a beggar appear before her suddenly.
A. surprising B. surprised
C. surprisedly D. to surprise
3. 【2008北京】 After the long journey, the three of them went back home, _____.
A. hungry and tiredly B. hungry and tired
C. hungrily and tiredly D. hungrily and tired
4. 【2009浙江】_____ and short of breath, Andy and Ruby were the first to reach the top of Mount Tai.
A. To be tried B. Tired
C. Tiring D. Being tired
考点3. 以-ly结尾的未必都是副词
下列单词以-ly结尾，但却是形容词而非副词：
lively, lonely, lovely, deadly, friendly, ugly, silly, likely, brotherly, timely等。
考点4. 下列几组词，词尾有无-ly都可作副词
一些副词有副词原形和以-ly结尾两种形式。大多数情况下，不以-ly结尾表“具体”，以-ly结尾表“抽象”。
1.  close与closely
close意思是“近”; closely 意思是“仔细地，密切地”。如：
He is sitting close to me.
Watch him closely.
2. late 与lately
 late意思是“晚”；lately意思是“最近”。如：
 What have you been doing lately?
3. deep与deeply
deep意思是“深”，表示空间深度；deeply时常表示感情上的深度，“深深地”。如：
 He pushed the stick deep into the mud.
 Even Father was deeply moved by the film.
4. high与highly
high表示空间高度；highly表示程度，相当于much。如：
The plane was flying high.
I think highly of your opinion.
5. wide与widely
wide表示空间宽度；widely意思是“广泛地”,“在许多地方”。如：
He opened the door wide.
English is widely used in the world.
6. free与freely
free的意思是“免费的”；freely 的意思是“无限制地”。如：
You can eat free in my restaurant whenever you like.
You may speak freely; say what you like.
5. 【2002北京】It was raining heavily. Little Mary felt cold, so she stood ______ to her mother.
A. close B. closely
C. closed D. closing
6. Hold the book ______ please, for I can’t see the words in it clearly.
A. more closer B. more closely
C. closely D. closer
7. Although he was disabled when he was only ten years of age, yet he aimed ______, for which his classmates spoke ______ of him.
A. high; high B. highly; highly
C. highly; high D. high; highly

第2讲 -ed形容词与-ing形容词

-ed形容词，通常说明人，意为“（某人）感到……”；-ing形容词通常说明事物，意为“（某事物）令人……”或“令人……的（事物）”。
 He has a frightened look on his face. 他脸上带有惊恐的神情。（他感到恐惧）
He has a frightening look on his face. 他脸上带着令人恐惧的神情。
excite 使人兴奋 excited 感到兴奋的 exciting 令人兴奋的
surprise 使吃惊 surprised 感到吃惊的 surprising令人吃惊的
amaze使惊奇 amazed 感到惊奇的 amazing令人惊奇的
embarrass使窘迫 embarrassed感到窘迫的 embarrassing令人窘迫的
frustrate使沮丧 frustrated 感到沮丧的 frustrating令人沮丧的
interest使感兴趣 interested 感到有兴趣的 interesting令人感兴趣的
thrill使兴奋 thrilled感到兴奋的 thrilling令人兴奋的
terrify使恐惧 terrified感到恐惧的 terrifying令人恐惧的
please使高兴 pleased 感到高兴的 pleasing令人高兴的
satisfy使满意 satisfied感到满意的 satisfying令人满意的
frighten使害怕 frightened 感到害怕的 frightening令人害怕的
tire使疲倦 tired 感到疲倦的 tiring 令人疲倦的
bore使厌烦 bored 感到厌烦的 boring令人厌烦的
relax使放松 relaxed 感到放松的 relaxing令人放松的
fascinate使神魂颠倒fascinated感到神魂颠倒的 fascinating令人神魂颠倒的
annoy使恼怒 annoyed感到恼怒的 annoying令人恼怒的
move使感动 moved 感到感动的 moving令人感动的
worry使忧虑 worried 感到忧虑的 worrying令人忧虑的
confuse使困惑 confused 感到困惑的 confusing令人困惑的
touch使感动 touched感到感动的 touching令人感动的
disappoint使失望 disappointed感到失望的 disappointing令人失望的
shock使震惊 shocked感到震惊的 shocking令人震惊的
puzzle使迷惑 puzzled感到迷惑的 puzzling令人迷惑的
练 习
Ⅰ. 用括号内所给动词的-ed形式或-ing形式填空。
1. The children were _____ after the trip. (tire)
2. The trip was _____. (tire)
3. The _____ children went to bed early after the trip. (tire)
4. The _____ trip lasted a whole day. (tire)
5. The trip made the children _____. (tire)
6. The bad weather made the trip _____. (tire)
7. Tom’s parents are _____ at his _____ results of the exams. (disappoint)
8. _____ and angry, he left the meeting-room. (disappoint)
9. It is _____ that he didn’t pass the examination.
(disappoint)
10. When hearing the _____ news that Michael Jackson passed away, they were _____ to look at each other. (surprise)
11. He was _____ about his _____ son. (worry)
12. I’m not _____ with his interpretation of this sentence. (satisfy)
13. He was _____ with the _____ person. (annoy)
14. A police car appeared on the road, the thief had a _____ look on his face. (frighten)
15. The situation here is _____ and we are _____. (encourage)
16. I find the shopping very _____. I get very _____ in supermarkets. (bore)
17. I am _____ in science. I think it’s very _____. (interest)
18. I don’t find basketball _____. I only get _____ when I watch football. (excite)
19. He said he was _____ (please) with the progress of economy, but I found some of what he said was _____ (worry).
Ⅱ. 单项选择。
1. From his _____ voice on the phone I know everything is going under way.
A. satisfactory B. satisfying
C. satisfied D. satisfaction
2. 【2002春】— I’m very _____ with my own cooking. It looks nice and smells delicious.
—Mm, it does have a _____ smell.
A. pleasant; pleased
B. pleased; pleased
C. pleasant; pleasant
D. pleased; pleasant
3. 【2003北京春】Mr. Smith, _____ of the _____ speech, started to read a novel.
A. tired; boring B. tiring; bored
C. tired; bored D. tiring; boring
4. 【2004重庆】Laws that punish parents for their little children’s actions against the laws get parents _____.
A. worried B. to worried 
C. worrying D. worry
5. He had never spent a ______ day.
A. more worry B. most worrying
C. more worrying D. more worried
6. 【2006安徽】Tom sounds very much ______ in the job, but I’m not sure whether he can manage it.
A. interested B. interesting  
C. interestingly D. interestedly
7. How did you find your visit to the museum?
I thoroughly enjoyed it. It was _____ than I expected.
A. far more interesting B. even much interested
C. so more interesting D. a lot much interested
8. Poor boy! His ______ looks and ______ hands suggested he was very afraid.
A. frightful; trembling
B. frightened; trembling
C. frightening; trembled
D. frightened; trembly
9. What seemed most ______ to me was that no one thought of his own safety.
A. surprised B. surprise
C. surprising D. to surprise

第3讲 其他相关考点

考点1. 副词按意义分类
① 方式副词
suddenly突然地    rapidly迅速地 warmly热烈地 successfully成功地 quickly很快地   
② 地点、方向副词
here 这里     there  那里 outside 在外边
away  远离    straight径直地 upstairs上楼
③ 时间副词
now  现在     then  当时 soon 不久    
tomorrow在明天   yesterday在昨天
④ 频度副词（又称：频率副词）
always 总是     usually 通常 frequently频繁地 often 经常 sometimes有时 seldom 很少
⑤ 程度副词
very  非常    quite 十分 too太      pretty 相当 rather稍微 extremely极端地 almost几乎   

考点2. 静态形容词和动态形容词
静态形容词：描绘的是人或物在静态下表现出的特征，如tall, big, deep, ugly, beautiful等。大多数形容词都是静态的。
动态形容词：描绘的是人或物通过行为活动才能表现出来的特征。(答疑qq 329950885)如： adorable, calm, cheerful, generous, gentle, loyal, nice, noisy, playful, reasonable, rude, shy, slow等。
① 动态形容词可用于进行时，而静态形容词不可以。如：She is being nice to me.她现在对我很好。但不可说：She is being tall.
② 动态形容词可用于以动be词开头的祈使句，而静态形容词不可以。例如可以说：Be patient! Be careful!
不可以说：Be tall!
③ 动态形容词可用于使役结构,而静态形容词不可以。例如可以说： I persuaded her to be generous.不可以说： I persuaded her to be pretty.
1. 【2011全国I】I wasn’t sure if he was really interested or if he ______ polite.
A. was just being B. will just be
C. had just been D. would just be
考点3. too, so, how, that, as ﹢形容词﹢a/an﹢名词
看下列几个短语：
a good boy so good a boy
a hot day too hot a day
a tall tree that tall a tree
a beautiful flower how beautiful a flower
a good gift as good a gift
可以看出：单个形容词修饰名词，冠词放在形容词的前面；如果形容词被so, too, that, how, as等词修饰时，(答疑qq 329950885)冠词则放在形容词后面。
要掌握下面的同义转换：
The boy is so good.= He is so good a boy.
What a good boy he is！=How good a boy he is!
=I have never seen that good a boy.
He is as good as his brother.
=He is as good a boy as his brother.
The boy is too short to be a basketball player.
=He is too short a boy to be a basketball player.
2. Alice was ______ girl to express herself.
A. a much too shy B. too much shy a
C. so shy a D. much too shy a
3. I’m afraid I’ll turn to Prof. Timlingson. It is ______.
A. too difficult a problem
B. a too difficult problem
C. so difficult problem
D. a so difficult problem
4. 【1992上海】 ______ box cannot be lifted by a boy of five.
A. So a heavy B. So heavy a
C. A such heavy D. Such heavy
5. 【2003北京】Our neighbor has ______ ours.
A. as a big house as B. as big a house as
C. the same big house as D. a house the same big as
6. 【2012四川】 I make $2,000 a week; 60 surely won’t make ______ difference to me.
A. that a big B. a that big
C. big a that D. that big a
7. It is generally believed that teaching is ______ it is a science.
A. an art much as B. much an art as
C. as an art much as D. as much an art as
8. 【1995全国】Can you believe that in ______ a rich country there should be ______ many poor people?
A. such; such B. such; so 
C. so; so D. so; such
9. 【1998上海】 It is ______ work of art that everyone wants to have a look at it.
A. so unusual B. such unusual 
C. such an unusual D. so an unusual
10. 【2009上海】The Great Wall is ______ tourist attraction that millions of people pour in every year.
A. so a well-known B. a so well-known
C. such well-known a D. such a well-known
考点4. 形容词顺序
几个并列的形容词作定语，其语序通常为：限定语（the, a, this）+数量词（two）+ 描绘性形容词(beautiful, good, strong) + size（大、小big）+ shape（形状round）+ age（年龄、时间new, young）+ color（颜色）+ origin（国籍、来源）+ material（材料）+ purpose（用途目的）+ 名词。如：
a heavy black Chinese steel umbrella;
the man’s first two interesting little red French oil paintings。
可以按这种方法记忆：限数描，形（大小形状）龄色，国材用。
可以谐音为: 献树苗，形龄色，我才用。（你向我献树苗，我要先看一下树苗的大小形状树龄和颜色，然后再决定我用还是不用。“形”，先“大小”后“形状”。）
也可以按下面的方法记：
限定 描述 大长高，形状 年龄与新老；
限数 描 （大小） 形 龄
颜色 国籍 出材料，用途 类别往后靠。
色 国 材 用
11. He likes going fishing. He usually uses a ______.  
A. bamboo long fishing pole
B. long bamboo fishing pole
C. pole long bamboo and fishing    
D. bamboo fishing long pole
12. 【1995全国】—How was your recent visit to Qingdao?
—It was great. We visited some friends, and spent the ______ days at the seaside.
A. few last sunny B. last few sunny
C. last sunny few D. few sunny last
13. 【2013上海】It’s a ________ clock, made of brass and dating from the nineteenth century.
A. charming French small
B. French small charming
C. small French charming
D. charming small French
14. 【2004浙江】______ students are required to take part in the boat race.
A. Ten strong young Chinese
B. Ten Chinese strong young
C. Chinese ten young strong
D. Young strong ten Chinese
15. 【2004江苏】The ______ house smells as if it hasn’t been lived in for years.
A. little white wooden B. little wooden white
C. white wooden little D. wooden white little
16. 【2005北京】 This ______ girl is Lind’s cousin.
 A. pretty little S