第三章生命起源和生物进化-测试题.doc

the principle of simplified EIA of construction projects in the region. In terms of land, linked to the implementation of urban and rural construction land increase and decrease, replacement indicators for priority areas project. Charges, into the projects of water, electricity, administrative charges and preferential policies. In the area of taxation, and settled in areas of industry and its production company, within 5 years after the completion of fiscal incentives to enterprises. In terms of financing, integration of land, tax, financial and other resources, and construct "Government credit + business credit" credit system, establishment of marketization, commercialization and modernization of the investment and financing platform; effective Bank-enterprise docking, encourages private capital into the Park, to raise industry development fund. 5, optimize the environment and service industries. To create "policy lowlands, Highlands, integrity of service land, development land" as the goal, to optimize the area under development environment. All administrative law enforcement departments to appoint a full-time personnel stationed in areas dedicated to coordinating and solving problems associated with businesses in this sector. When there are substantial issues, sector leaders arranged to personally intervene, in-person, in-person push tangible area building a green light, easy line. To further reduce and standardize administrative examination and approval items, simplify examination and approval links, improve efficiency; according to the ...
　Since the educational practice of the mass line of the party, himself seriously in the education, practical control central "eight rules" and opposing "the four winds" and practicing "three Suns", and check the spirit of Jiao Yulu, ideology, solicit opinions based on outstanding problems checked swing, careful analysis and reflection. Will now check report is as follows: first, adherence to the party's political discipline, eight in the central provision, change the style of the basic situation of 1, in compliance with the party's political disciplines. 　　Conscientiously abide by the party's political discipline, abide by the Constitution and the rules and regulations of the party, in the political, ideological and maintain highly consistent with the CPC Central Committee on the action, there is no violation of the party's political discipline problems. 2, in the implementation of the central authorities of the eight provisions. Improving research, improving research methods, but there are less grass-roots units, primary first-hand an inadequate grasp of the problem, which is to be strengthened in the future. Second, construction, strictly in accordance with the provisions to streamline and improve the quality of meetings of the Conference. Third, streamlining file briefs, culture involves all aspects of propaganda and ideology, sometimes due to the practical needs of invention notifications, this area needs further
生命起源和生物进化测试题 12.9
一、选择题
1、研究地球上生物进化的直接证据是( )
A.比较解剖 B.细胞研究 C.进化树 D.化石
2、根据达尔文进化学说当今丰富多彩的生物界形成的原因是( )
A.生存斗争 B.自然选择 C.人工选择 D.遗传变异
3、地球上的原始生命起源于( )
A.原始大气中 B.冷却降雨过程中 C.原始海洋中 D.土壤中
4、在越古老的地层中，形成化石的生物( )
A.数量越多 B.种类越丰富 C.越简单,越低等 D.越复杂,越高等
5、原始大气的成分主要有( )
A.甲烷、氨气、氢气和氧气 B.甲烷、氧气、氢气和二氧化碳
C.甲烷、氨气、氢气和水蒸气 D.氨气、氧气、氢气和水蒸气
6、地球上最早出现的生物是( )
A.原始单细胞生物 B.原始藻类 C.原始多细胞动物 D.细菌
7、我国发掘的大量的恐龙蛋化石是( )
A.遗体化石 B.遗物化石 C.遗迹化石 D.不能定论
8、下列不是生物进化规律的是( )
A.从水生到陆生 B.从简单到复杂 C.从低等到高等 D.从动物到植物
9、科学家认为生命起源的第一步是产生( )
A.有机大分子 B.原始生命 C. 原始单细胞生物 D.有机小分子
10、鸟类是由古代爬行动物进化来的证据是( )
A.恐龙化石 B.始祖鸟化石 C.马的化石 D.古猿头骨化石
11、米勒模拟原始地球条件的实验中产生了( )
A.氧气 B.水蒸气 C.氨基酸 D.蛋白质
12、自然界中的生物通过激烈的生存竞争，适者生存，不适者被淘汰的过程称为( )
A.生存斗争 B.自然选择 C.遗传变异 D.繁殖力强
13、依照生物“进化树”，植物的进化顺序是( )
①原始多细胞藻类 ②原始单细胞藻类 ③原始蕨类植物 ④原始苔藓植物 ⑤原始种子植物
A.①②③④⑤ B.②①④③⑤ C.⑤④③②① D.③④⑤②①
14．在生物进化过程中，下列哪一项是最复杂、最高等的生物 ( )
A．藻类植物 B．蕨类植物 C．种子植物 D．苔藓植物
15．蚊蝇等害虫对DDT产生抗药性的主要原因是( )
A．害虫对DDT进行选择的结果 B．害虫本身对DDT具有抵抗能力
C．遗传变异的结果 D．DDT对害虫抗药性的变异进行选择的结果
16．生物化石之所以能证明生物的进化，其根本原因是( )
A．化石是保存在地层中的生物的遗体或遗物
B．化石就是有一定顺序的地壳岩石
C．化石就是生物的祖先
D．各类生物化石在地层中出现有一定顺序
17．自然选择能正确解释生物的( )
A．生长和发育 B．遗传和变异 C．多样性和适应性D．新陈代谢
18．达尔文的一部巨著，成功地用自然选择学说解释了生物进化的原因。这部巨著是( )
A．《进化论》 B．《人工选择》 C．《自然选择》 D．《物种起源》
19．每年春季是青蛙的繁殖季节，一只雌青蛙产卵约4000～5000个，卵受精后只有少数能发育为成蛙。按照达尔文的进化学说，产生这种现象的原因是 ( )
A．生存斗争 B．过度繁殖 C．适者生存 D．遗传和变异
20．在生物进化过程中，多数情况下某些物种灭绝的主要原因是( )
A．冰川过多的作用 B．这些物种不适应变化了的环境
C．生物太多，食物缺乏 D．这些生物遗传物质改变太快
21．按照达尔文的观点，奶牛产奶多是 ( )
A．适应环境的结果 B．自然选择的结果
C．生存竞争的结果 D．人工选择的结果
22．原鸡是家鸡的祖先，家鸡和原鸡有很多相似的特征，但家鸡产蛋量高。人们能把原鸡驯化成产蛋量高的家鸡，是因为生物 ( )
A．有生殖和发育的特征 B．有生长现象的特征
C．有遗传和变异的特征 D．有新陈代谢的特征
23．公鹿往往用鹿角作为争夺配偶的武器，按照达尔文的观点，现代的公鹿鹿角发达的原因是 ( )
A．代代经常使用的结果 B发生了定向的有利变异的结果
C．繁衍后代的结果 D．鹿角发达的有机会繁衍后代而保留下来
24．导致生存竞争的主要原因是( )
A．生物不能适应外界环境的变化 B．有利变异和不利变异个体间相互斗争
C．生物之间相互排挤或残杀 D．生物赖以生存的食物和空间有限
25．脊椎动物进化的顺序是( )

26．下列关于生物进化的叙述，正确的是( )
A．先有水中生活的动物，后有陆地生活的动物
B．水中生活的脊椎动物用鳃呼吸，陆地上生活的脊椎动物用肺呼吸
C．进化到陆地上生活的生物就不再有水中生活的类型
D．一般地说，水中生活的生物都比陆生的生物原始
27．生物能发展进化，就其生物本身来看，生物进化的关键因素是 ( )
A．生物能过度繁殖 B．生物能进行生存斗争
C．生物能产生变异 D．自然环境能对生物进行选择
28．狮子捕食斑马，斑马躲避狮子，这在生物进化上的意义，最好的解释是 ( )
A．向不相同的方向进化 B．发生生存斗争
C．互为自然选择的条件，促进双方进化 D．控制过度繁殖

二、非选择题
1、在自然选择的作用下，生物发生了进化，以适应改变的 。
2、米勒的实验中火花放电的作用是 ，装置中的气体成分类似于 的成分。
A
B
C
D
E
F
3、右图进化树表示几种生物的进化过程示意图，根据图回答下列问题
⑴ A、B、C、D四种生物的共同祖先是 。
⑵ 与B生物亲缘关系最近的生物是 。
(3 )在地层中出现最早的生物是 。
(4)与生物C亲缘关系最近的生物是 。
4、青霉素是一种抗生素。几十年来，由于反复使用，某些细菌对青霉素的抗性越来越强。请回答：
（1）青霉素使用之前，细菌对青霉素的抗性存在着 ；患者使用青霉素后，体内绝大多数细菌被杀死，这叫做 ，极少数抗药性强的细菌活下来并繁殖后代，这叫做 。青霉素的使用对细菌起了 作用，这种作用是通过细菌与青霉素之间的 实现的。由于青霉素的反复使用，使得抗药性状逐代 而加强。从这个过程可以看出，虽然生物的 是不定向的，但 在很大程度上是定向的。
（2）自然选择是把自然界中早已存在的 变异选择出来，并使之逐代积累、加强，最终形成生物新品种。
5、达尔文进化思想的核心是自然选择，请用达尔文自然选择学说来解释下面两种现象。
(1)蝗虫有翅能飞是众所周知的事，一些科学家到一个海岛考察，他们却发现岛上生长的蝗虫大多数是无翅，少数是有翅的。原来岛上经常刮大风。请你用达尔文的自然选择学说解释这一现象。

(2)现存的生物中，有许多非常简单、低等的生物并没有在进化过程中灭绝，而且分布还非常广泛，为什么?

6．科学家比较了一些生物细胞色素C的差异，来研究生物间的亲缘关系的远近。下表
数字表示与人的细胞色素c所不同的氨基酸数目。
黑猩猩
0
猴
1
小麦
35
牛
10
兔
9
蝇
23
马
12
响尾蛇
14
酵母菌
44
龟
15
鸡
13
天蚕蛾
31
狗
11
金枪鱼
2l
请你将它们按照与人类亲缘关系由近及远的顺序排列。
发包人指定专人负责协调施工中的有关事宜，并监督施工进度、安全与文明施工。发包人对承包人施工中违规操作有权做好处理决定或经济处罚。streamlining. Four are standard visits, except as required to participate in training, no other activity. Five is to improve news reporting, for propaganda work strictly according to the regulations. Six is strictly your presentation published strictly according to the regulations. 　　Seven is strictly thrift, required the use of vehicles and office space and corporate hospitality. 3, change the style. 　　Propaganda and ideological work of the new situation and new requirements of the new tasks, had done a lot of fruitful work, has made many achievements, but further closer to the grass roots, close to reality, close to the masses and also inadequate innovation must continue to improve. Second, the "four winds" some outstanding issues 1, oppose formalism. One theory is that he didn't, with less close contact. Theoretical study of consciousness is not high enough, system performance is not strong enough; more passive learning, active learning few generalities and learn more, delving into less. Especially based on rational thinking on major issues, applying theory to guide the work done is not good enough, not really understand and grasp the spirit and essence of the scientific Outlook on development, did not truly achieve mastery, to apply, to a certain extent, affect the development and implementation of ideas and initiatives. Second, work arrangements, and less supervision. Propaganda and ideological work is the objective, which needs to keep the continuity efforts deployed, but stressed in the work time, less supervision. For example, color weekends in the summer theatrical activities, city square performances, urging townships, communities and rural areas shows the implementation is inadequate, insufficient cultural an educational role to play. Third base enough, master grass-less real. Propaganda and ideological work in the new situation of characteristics and regularity of enough, deep enough for grass-roots public opinion Dynamics survey, for grass-roots typically drive less. For example, rural culture team active, ... I'm not actively take the initiative to take up, the lack of spirit of daring to, resulting in some job had a lot of power, but no tangible results. Third, innovation, lack of motivation. Emancipation did not end, innovation does not exist. 　　In practical work, not your head, previous work experience, lack of innovation initiatives, study on the characteristics of propaganda and ideological work under the new situation through, grip on grassroots ideological trends and changes are not deep, to promote new initiatives and explore new methods of ideological and cultural work is not much, and some lack of relevance and timeliness. 4, discipline, lowering, and hard work are lacking. While working and enterprising spirit down. No real solution to treat yourself right, correctly treat past honors, their complacency, and work to see their scores more, less checking his own shortcomings, like to listen to the praise, satisfied face, online promotion, there are typical, and lack of high standards and strict requirements, the effect is real. Second hard drive less. On hard and