FestivalsAroundtheWorld知识点学案人教课标版正式版.doc

Unit1 Festivals Around the World

词汇讲义
1. take place发生；举行
In the meantime, an economic crisis took place.
The Olympic Games take place every four years.
联想拓展
take one’s place= take the place of ... 代替…
in place of 代替
take the first place 获得第一名
易混辨析
take place / happen / break out / occur
take place通常表示计划、安排之内的“发生”。
happen指事情偶然的发生，常带有未能预见
的含义；另外，还有“碰巧”之意。
break out指火灾、战争或瘟疫的突然爆发。
occur指按计划发生，常指（某想法、某事）出现在某人的头脑中。常见结构:It occurs/occurred to sb. that表示“某人想起某事”。It occurred to me that I had forgotten my keys.
①It was in the church that their wedding _____
____________ (举行).
②Will you attend the meeting _____________
(代替) me?
③ (就座), please!
We are ready to start.
④It’s hard to find a man to
(代替) the present manager.
⑤Liu Xiang (获得第一名)
in the 110m hurdle race.

2. religious adj
①宗教上的
religious beliefs / faith
religious instruction ___________________
religious groups / leaders
②信奉宗教的
a deeply religious person
His wife is very religious.
religion n.
religiously adv.
India has always been one of the most religiously diverse countries.

3. in memory of=to the memory of
作为对某人的纪念；纪念某人（memory前不加任何冠词）
Many ceremonies are in memory of famous people.
They will build a monument in memory of the national hero.
联想拓展：
in honour of 为了纪念……；向……表示敬意
in praise of 歌颂；称赞
in favour of 赞同, 支持
in charge of 负责
in need of 需要；缺少
in search of 寻找
in possession of 拥有
(1)This monument was built the little hero.
A. in place of B. in search of
C. in memory of D. in need of
(2)用由“in+n.+of”构成的短语填空。
①A monument was set up
(纪念) the dead soldiers.
②He founded the charity (兴办那项慈善事业)
____________________ (怀念) his late wife.
③If you are (需要) anything,
don’t hesitate to let me know.
④In the discussion, I was _____________(支持) Mr. Li

4. belief  n. [C/U] 信任；信仰，信心
believe vi.& vt. 相信
常用结构：
have belief in sth. / sb.
对某物/某人的真实性和正确性有信心
beyond belief 难以置信
in the belief that ... 相信……
It is my belief that ... 我相信……
It is beyond belief that…
He has great belief in his doctor.
他对他的医生无比信赖。
She has lost her belief in God.
她已不相信上帝。
用belief相关短语的适当形式填空。
①He came to me I could help him.
② that nuclear weapons
are immoral.
③The cruelty of the murders was .

5. dress up 盛装，打扮 (常用于dress up as sb. /dress upin sth.结构)
We are supposed to _______________(打扮成) movie characters for the party. What a novel idea!
She ______________ (穿着) Elizabethan costume for the fancy dress ball.
常用结构：
be dressed in 穿着……衣服
be dressed as 打扮成
be well dressed 衣着讲究
dress oneself 穿衣，打扮
dress sb. 给某人穿衣服
get dressed 指动作
in a white uniform, he looks more like a cook than a doctor.
A. Dressed B. To dress
C. Dressing D. Having dressed

6. trick
n.
①[C]诡计；骗局；谋略；花招
One of the problems of old age is that your memory can start to play tricks on you.
②窍门，招数，手法
Daily practice is the trick in learning a foreign language.
He used the old trick of attacking in order to defend himself.
The trick is to keep your body still and your arms relaxed.
play a trick/tricks on sb.搞恶作剧;诈骗;开玩笑
The children played a trick on their teacher on April Fool’s Day.

vt. 哄骗
trick someone into doing something
trick someone out of something
He ____________________ (骗我让我相信) that he was somebody famous.
You’re not the first person _______________ (被骗取) your savings.
联想拓展：
play a joke on sb. 开某人的玩笑
make fun of sb. 取笑某人
laugh at sb. 嘲笑某人
smile at sb. 向某人微笑
make a fool of 愚弄；嘲笑
用适当的介词填空。
①Tom liked making fun others in public.
②It’s bad manners to laugh the disabled.
③These boys like playing tricks their teacher.
④He smiled me when he heard my funny answer.

7. gain
n. 获得；增加；获利，获得物；收益；利润
The baby _____________ half a pound.
He served the public whole heartedly, ______
___________ (不顾个人得失).

vt. 得到；获得，赢得，增加，增添，到达；（钟、表等）快
to gain confidence / strength / experience
For the first time in her life she gained a clear idea of how vast the world is.
My watch gains five minutes a day.
The country ________________（获得独立）ten years ago.
Her unusual talent _______________ (为她赢得) worldwide recognition.

vi. 获利，赚钱；得益 (+by/from) ，取得进展；得到改善；增进健康
We all gained from the experience.
The singer is gaining in popularity.
易混辨析：gain / win / get / earn / acquire
gain指在斗争，竞争中做出很大努力而“获得……”，所得到的东西常具有一定价值。
win含有取胜的一方具有优越的特质或条件而能克服各种障碍的意思，意为“赢得”。
get为普通词，有时指不一定需要努力就能“得到”。
earn意为“赚得”，表示经过艰苦努力所得到的报酬。
acquire意为“获得，取得”，一般指通过漫长的过程而逐渐获得。
①I’m new in the job but I have already _______ experience.
②Please me a glass of water.
③His perseverance him many friends and a gold medal.
④He up to $50,000 a year by writing stories.
⑤After six years’ study, he hasa good knowledge of English.

8. gather vt.
1)收集；召集；使聚集[(+together)]
He is gathering materials for a new book.
The kids were gathered together in one room.
2)积聚；积蓄
This cloth gathers dust.
I sat down for a moment to ___________ (积蓄我的力量).
She was still trying to _____________ (集中思想) when the door opened.
Fortunately the short delay gave him time to _______________________ (准备好自己).
3)收拾；摘；采集；收割[(+in/up)]
The girl is gathering flowers.
People slowly gathered their belongings and left the hall.
I waited while he _____________(收拾好) his papers.
It was late August and the harvest _________
__________________ (已经被安全收割).
4)渐增
The sled gathered speed as it moved down the hill.
5)猜想,推测[+(that)]
I gather that he is the one in charge.
I ______________________ (从你的信里推断) that you’re not enjoying your job
_____________________ (据我推测), there’s been some kind of problem.
6)使皱起
She gathered her brows into a frown.

9. award
vt. 授予，奖给(后多接双宾语)；判定
award sth (to sb.)
award sb. sth (for sth)
be awarded sth for sth
The judges awarded both finalists equal points.
Medals __________________ (被授予)the best speakers on the debating team.
n. 奖，奖品；奖金
接受奖品 ___________________________
He got the highest award in the contest.
易混辨析：award / prize / reward
award既可作动词也可作名词，指为鼓励在工作中达到或完成所提出的要求或条件的人而进行的奖励，往往强调荣誉而不在乎奖品的大小或奖金的多少。
prize为名词，多指在各类竞赛、竞争或抽彩中所赢得的奖。这种奖赏有的凭能力获得，有的凭运气获得。
reward既可作动词也可作名词，指对某人的工作或服务等的报答。也指因帮助警察抓到罪犯或帮助失主找到东西而得到的赏金、酬金。
He won the award for the best student of the year.
A prize was given to the person who had the winning number.
He received a medal as a reward for his courage.
Three university departments have been _____ $600,000 to develop good practice in teaching and learning.
A. promoted B. included
C. secured D. awarded

10. admire
vt. 赞美；钦佩；羡慕。其后可接人或物作宾语，但不可以接宾语从句作宾语。
admire sb. for sth. 因某事钦佩或羡慕某人
They admired our garden.
I admire him for his success in business.
Aren’t you going to admire my new house?
admiration n.赞美，钦佩；令人赞美的人或物
express admiration for sb. 对某人表示钦佩
have great admiration for sb. 十分钦佩某人
in admiration of 表示钦佩
with/in admiration 心怀钦佩地
admirer n. 钦佩者；羡慕者
admiring adj 赞赏的，羡慕的
①Stop looking in the mirror ___________ (自我欣赏)
②Visitors to Beijing usually ____________ (钦佩那里的警察).
③Our school is widely ________________ (羡慕) its excellent teaching .

11. look forward to 期待某事/做某事(to为介词，后接名词或动名词)
We should look forward to the futurity.
I am familiar with his work and look forward to hearing his views on literary and artistic creation.
She must be looking forward as much to his return as he himself is to her.
A. see B. have seen C. seeing D. be seeing
用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空。
①The boy hurried forward (see) the world famous oil painting because he had been looking forward to ____ (see) it for a long time.
②The day I had been looking forward to _________ (come).
③I used to _________ (get) up late, but now I’m used to _______________(get) up early.

12. as though
as though / as if引导方式状语从句和表语从句：
①引导方式状语从句
She acted as though nothing had happened.
她装得好像什么事也没发生过似的。
注意:当从句主语和主句主语一致，且从句谓语中含有动词be时，可把主语和be一起省略。
He looked about as though (he was) in search of something. 他四下张望, 好像在寻找什么。
②引导表语从句
It looks as if it’s going to rain.
看样子要下雨了。
③as though和as if从句是用虚拟语气，还是用陈述语气，完全根据具体情况而定。如果从句表示的意思与事实完全相反，或者纯粹是一种假设，通常用虚拟语气；反之，则用陈述语气。
The child talks as if she were an adult.
那孩子说话的样子好像她是个大人。
用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空。
①The pencil looks as if it (break) with half of it in the glass of water.
②Li Ming speaks English very well as though he __________ (be) an Englishman.
③It seems as if our team (be) going to win.
④He talks about pyramids as though he ___________ (see) them himself.

13. permission n. [U]许可，允许
常用结构
with/without (one’s) permission 得到允许/未经允许
ask sb. for permission 征求某人的许可
give sb. permission to do sth. 允许某人做某事
have one’s permission 得到某人的同意
permit vt. 准许，许可，允许
permit sb to do sth 允许某人干某事
permit doing sth 允许做某事
With your permission, I’d like to say a few words.
Mary’s father ___________________ (不会允许她) to stay up late.
完成句子。
①They entered the area _________(未经允许).
②You will need to obtain planning __________
(许可证) if you want to extend your house.

14. turn up出席(某活动)(常用于口语)；出现；找到；把(收音机等的)音量调大一些；到场
I’m sure your watch will turn up one of these days.
We invited her to dinner but she didn’t even bother to turn up.
I can’t hear the radio very well; could you turn it up a bit?
联想拓展：
turn against 反对；背叛
turn down （音量等）调小；拒绝
turn off 关掉
turn on 打开；发动
turn out 结果是……；证明是……
turn to sb. for help 向某人求助
turn away 走开；转过脸去；把……打发走
turn in 进入；交出；上交
turn over 打翻；移交；反复考虑
turn into把……变成……
He promised to come yesterday, but he hasn’t _____ yet.
A. turned in B. turned up
C. turned on D. turned out
用turn相关短语的适当形式填空。
①Don’t worry. The file is sure to .
②Please _________ the television ________ a bit, I can’t hear it clearly.
③It that it was Tim who broke the vase.
④The sad child his mother for comfort.
①It’s half past ten, but he hasn’t yet.
②It’s wrong to our motherland.
③Please the radio a bit; I’m doing my homework.

15. keep one’s word 守信用；履行诺言
word意为“诺言”时，是不可数名词，不可以用复数形式，其前面不可以用冠词修饰。
You should ________________________ (信守你许下的承诺).
You promised you would take the children to camp so you must keep your word.
联想拓展：
break one’s word 食言
get in a word 插嘴
in a/one word=in short总而言之
in other words 换句话说
word for word 逐词
have a word with sb.与某人谈话
have words with sb. 与某人争吵
Word came that ...有消息传来

16. hold one’s breath 屏住呼吸
The race was so close that everyone _______
___________（屏住呼吸）at the finish.
take a deep breath=breathe deeply 深呼吸
lose one’s breath 喘不过气来
out of breath 上气不接下气，喘不过气来
After arriving at the top of the mountain, we were all _________________ (上气不接下气).

17. apologizevi. 道歉，认错
apologize to sb for (doing) sth
因（做）某事向某人道歉
apologize to sb that +从句 向某人道歉
You ____________________ (必须向你的老师道歉)for being so rude.
I apologized to my mother that I went home late.
apology n. 道歉，谢罪
make/offer an apology to sb for (doing) sth
因某事向某人道歉
accept/refuse an apology 接受/拒绝道歉
I must __________________________ (向她道歉) for not going to her party.

18. obvious
It is / was obvious/clear that ...= obviously / clearly, ...表示“很明显……，显而易见……”，属于It is / was + adj. / n. /p.p. + that clause 结构。
It is necessary / important / natural / strange + that + sb. should do sth. 做某事是有必要的/重要的/自然的、竟然怎样。
It is a pity / a shame / no wonder + that + sb. should do 遗憾的是/羞愧的是/难怪某人竟然/应该……
It is said / reported / announced / expected / ... + that ...据说/报道/宣布/预计……
It’s suggested / ordered that sb. (should) do建议/要求某人（做）某事
It’s no harm drinking running water in that area.
It was quite clear that they had no desire for peace.
______ used to be thought that the earth was square.
A. He B. What C. It D. That

19. set off 出发；动身；使爆炸
What time are you planning to set off tomorrow?
The terrorist set off a bomb in the city centre and killed six people.
联想拓展:
set off for a place 出发到某地
set about doing sth.开始(某工作);着手做某事
set out 从某地出发上路
set out to do sth.开始做某事
set sth. up 摆放或竖起某物；创立，建立
set sth. aside 将某事物放在一边；（为某目的）节省或保留金钱或时间
set down记下、写下
用set相关短语的适当形式填空。
①The new government must finding solutions to the country’s economic problems.
②The children the fireworks in the yard.
③She a bit of money every month.
④They a statue in honour of the national hero.
⑤They’ve on a journey round the world.

20. remind vt. 提醒；使想起
常用结构:
remind sb. of/about sth. 提醒某人记住/想起某事
remind sb. to do sth. 提醒某人做某事
remind sb. that ...提醒某人/使某人想起……
I reminded Gerald of his promise.
Please remind me to write to my mother tomorrow.
翻译句子:
①这些照片使我想起我的童年。
______________________________________
②请提醒我每天服三次药。
______________________________________

21. harvest
n.
1) [c] 收割，收获
the corn/potato/grape harvest
It was harvest time.
There will be an abundant harvest this year.
They were busy getting the harvest in.
2) [singular] （知识等的）收获
收获丰富的知识 _____________________
We are now reaping the harvest of our hard work last year.

v.收割，收获（庄稼、动物、知识成就等）
Winter wheat is planted in the fall and harvested in early summer.
Timber is still harvested and milled locally.

22. celebration  n.
1) [C, often pl.] 庆祝会，庆典
birthday / wedding celebrations
The town’s centennial celebrations will begin with a parade.
I hope you’ll join in the Christmas celebrations.
2) [U, C] 庆祝，庆典
Her triumph was a cause for celebration.
He’s having a party _______________(庆祝)
his 84th birthday.

23. starve  
1) vi. 饿死；挨饿；渴望，急需要（die / long）
The plants _________________ (急需要水).
They got lost in the desert and starved to death.
2) vt. 使挨饿，使饿死
She’s starving herself trying to lose weight.
starvation n. 挨饿；饿死
常用结构：
starve for sth. 渴望得到……
starve to do sth. 渴望去做某事
starve to death 饿死
be starved to death 饿死
be starved of极需，缺乏
starve sb. into sth./ doing sth.使某人挨饿以迫使其做某事
The engine __________________________ (缺油) and wouldn’t start.
Many people ______ death in the earthquake as a result of the delay of the supplies.
A. were starved of B. starved to
C. were starved D. starved for
用starve相关短语的适当形式填空。
①Thousands of people in Africa.
②These children are love.
③The people on the island _______fresh water since it hadn’t rained for nearly half a year.

24. feast
n.盛会，宴会
a wedding feast
a feast of colours
a feast for the eyes 大饱眼福
the feast of Christmas
The evening was a real feast for music lovers.
v. (on / upon sth)
We sat in the yard feasting on barbecued chicken and beer.
feast one’s eyes on尽情欣赏(艺术品景色等)

25. arrival n
1)到达
We apologize for the late arrival of the train.
There are 120 arrivals and departures every day.
2)到达者
The first arrivals at the concert got the best seats.
early / late / new arrivals
We’re expecting a new arrival in the family soon.
With the arrival of John’s friends, the party became really enjoyable.

26. independence n.[U]独立,自主(from sb/sth)
Cuba ___________（独立于）Spain in 1898.
The army is committed to ensuring the independence of the country
He values his financial independence.
She doesn’t want to lose her hard