英语专业八级改错翻译真题(含答案)大全.doc

EXERCISE ONE
2006年
一．Proof reading.
We use language primarily as a means of communication with
other human beings. Each of us shares with the community in which we
live a store of words and meanings as well as agreeing conventions as  1_______
to the way in which words should be arranged to convey a particular 2______
message: the English speaker has in his disposal vocabulary and a 3_______
set of grammatical rules which enables him to communicate his 4______
thoughts and feelings, in a variety of styles, to the other English 5_______
speakers. His vocabulary, in particular, both that which he uses actively
and that which he recognizes, increases in size as he grows
old as a result of education and experience.                   6______
But, whether the language store is relatively small or large, the system
remains no more, than a psychological reality for tike inpidual, unless
he has a means of expressing it in terms able to be seen by another 7_______
member of his linguistic community; he bas to give tile system a
concrete transmission form. We take it for granted rice’ two most 8_______
common forms of transmission-by means of sounds produced by our
vocal organs (speech) or by visual signs (writing). And these are 9______
among most striking of human achievements.                10_______

二．English to Chinese.
I have nothing to offer but blood, toil, tears and sweat. We have before us an ordeal ofthe most grievous kind. We have before us many，many months of struggle and suffering. You ask，what is our aim？ I can answer in one word， it is victory. Victory at all costsvictory in spiteof all terrors——victory，however long and hard the road may be， for without victory there is no survival. Let that be realized， no survival for the British Empire， no survival for all that British Empire has stood for ，no survival for the urge，the impulse of the ages，that mankind shall more forward toward his goal. I take up my task in buoyancy and hope. I feel sure that our cause will not be suffered to fail among men. I feel entitled at this juncture，at this time，to claim the aid of all and to say，“Come then，let us go forward together with our unitedstrength.”

三．Chinese to English.
中国民族自古以来从不把人看作高于一切，在哲学文艺方面的表现都反映出人在自然界中与万物占有比例较为恰当的地位，而非绝对统治万物的主宰。因此我们的苦闷基本上比西方人为少为小：因为苦闷的强弱原是随欲望与野心的大小而转移的。农业社会的人比工业社会的人享受差得多，因此欲望也小的多。何况中国古代素来以不怠于物不为物役为最主要的人生哲学。

2006年答案
1. 答案：agreeing – agreed
2. 答案：∧words – these
3. 答案：in his disposal – at his disposal.
4. 答案：enables – enable
5. 答案：the other English speakers – other English speakers
6. 答案：old – older
7. 答案：seen – understood
8. 答案：删去it
9. 答案：And – But/Yet/However/Nevertheless
10. 答案：most – the most
我能奉献的唯有热血、辛劳、泪水和汗水。我们所面临的将是一场极为残酷的考验，我们面临的将是旷日持久的斗争和苦难。你若问我们的目标是什么？我可以用一个词来概括，那就是胜利。不惜一切代价去夺取胜利，不畏惧一切恐怖去夺取胜利，不论前路再长再苦也要多去胜利，因为没有胜利纠无法生存！我们必须意识到，没有胜利就没有大英帝国，没有胜利就没有大英帝国所象征的一切，没有胜利就没有多少世纪以来强烈的要求和冲动：人类应当向自己的目标迈进。此刻，我的精神振奋，满怀信心地承当起自己的人物。我确信，只要我们大家联合，我们的事业就不会挫败。此时此刻千钧一发之际，我觉得我有权要求各方面的支持。我要呼吁：“来吧，让我们群策努力，并肩迈进！”
Chinese people has never thought of human being as the highest creature among everything since ancient times， whose reflection takes a quite appropriate proportion with all others in our natural world in both aspects of philosophy and arts， but not as an absolute dominant ruler. Therefore， our bitterness and depression are basically less than those of westerners， because the intensity of which is growing with the expansion of one's desire and ambition. People in the agriculture society enjoyed far less than people in the industry society， thus their wants are far less either. Besides， ancient Chinese always regard "not confined by material， not driven by material" as the major philosophy.

EXERCISE TWO
2007年
一． Proof reading.
From what has been said, it must be clear that no one can
make very positive statements about how language originated.
There is no material in any language today and in the earliest 1
records of ancient languages show us language in a new and 2
emerging state. It is often said, of course, that the language 3
originated in cries of anger, fear, pain and pleasure, and the 4
necessary evidence is entirely lacking: there are no remote　　
tribes, no ancient records, providing evidence of
a language with a large proportion of such cries　　　　　　 5
than we find in English. It is true that the absence　　　　
of such evidence does not disprove the theory, but in　　 6
other grounds too the theory is not very attractive.
People of all races and languages make rather similar
noises in return to pain or pleasure. The fact that　　 7
such noises are similar on the lips of Frenchmen
and Malaysians whose languages are utterly different,
serves to emphasize on the fundamental difference　　　　 8
between these noises and language proper. We may
say that the cries of pain or chortles of amusement
are largely reflex actions, instinctive to large extent, 9
whereas language proper does not consist of signs
but of these that have to be learnt and that are　　　　　　 10
wholly conventional.

二．English to Chinese.
But ，as has been true in many other cases，when they were at last married，the most ideal of situations was found to have been changed to the most practical . instead of hacing shared their original duties，and as schol –boys would say，going halves， they discovered that the cares of life had been doubled.This led to some distressing moments for both our friends；they understood suddenlu that instead of dwelling in heaven they were still upon earth，and had made themselves slaves to new laws and limitations. Instead of being freer and happier than ever before，they had assumed new responsibilities； they had established a new household， and must fulfill in some way or another the obligations of it. They looked back with affection to their engagement； they had been longing to have each other to themselves，apart from the world，but it seemed that they never felt so keenly that they were still units in modern society.

三．Chinese to English.
我想，其实谁都有一个小小花园，谁都是有苗圃之地的，这便是我们的内心世界。人的智力需要开发，人的内心世界也是需要开发的。人和动物的区别，除了众所周知的诸多方面，恐怕还在于人有内心世界。心不过是人的一个重要脏器，而内心世界是一种景观，它是由外部世界不断地作用于内心渐渐形成的。每个人都无比关注自己及至亲至爱之人心脏的健损，以至于稍有微疾便惶惶不可终日。但并非每个人都关注自己及至亲至爱之人的内心世界的阴晴。

2007年答案
1. 答案：and – or
2. 答案：show后面添加that或把show改成showing
3. 答案：删去the
4. 答案：and – but/whereas/while
5. 答案：large – larger
6. 答案：in – on
7. 答案：return – in response/reaction/answer
8. 答案：删去on
9. 答案：增加a
10. 答案：these – those
参考答案：但是正如其他许多已经发生过的事情一样，当他们最终结婚后，发现最憧憬的生活变得再实际不过了。他们非但没有分担各自原先的责任——正如那些学生们所说"一半一半"，相反却发现生活的重担加倍了。这使得我们那两个结婚的朋友时常觉得沮丧；他们突然发现自己并没有过着天堂般的生活而是仍实实在在地生活在地球上，而且成为了新规则和新约束的奴隶。生活并没有比以前更自由、更幸福，因为他们要去承担新的责任。既然成立了一个新的家庭，那就无论如何也要尽一点家庭的义务。他们深情地回想起订婚的那段时光，曾经如此地渴望拥有彼此而忘掉这个世界，然而现在最深切的感受却是自己仍是这个世界的一份子。
参考答案：I think everyone， in effect， has a small garden or a flower bed of his own， namely， our inner world. There is a need for human beings to tap into their own intelligence， as is the case with their inner world. What distinguishes between human beings and animals， apart from the various aspects which are universally known， may probably be in that human beings have an inner world. Heart is no more than an important organ whereas the inner world constitutes a landscape， which gradually takes its shape under the continuous influence from the outside world. So great is the importance that everyone attaches to the physical condition of his own heart or those of his closest and dearest ones， that merely a minor disease would enduringly weigh on his mind.

EXERCISE THREE
一．Proof reading.
2008年
The desire to use language as a sign of national identity is a
very natural one, and in result language has played a prominent         1
part in national moves. Men have often felt the need to cultivate         2
a given language to show that they are distinctive from another          3
race whose hegemony they resent. At the time the United States        4
split off from Britain, for example, there were proposals that
independence should be linguistically accepted by the use of a         5
different language from those of Britain. There was even one           6
proposal that Americans should adopt Hebrew. Others favoured
the adoption of Greek, though, as one man put it, things would
certainly be simpler for Americans if they stuck on to English         7
and made the British learn Greek. At the end, as everyone             8
knows, the two countries adopted the practical and satisfactory
solution of carrying with the same language as before.                   9
Since nearly two hundred years now, they have shown the world     10
that political independence and national identity can be complete
without sacrificing the enormous mutual advantages of a common
language.

二．English to Chinese.
But, as has been true in many other cases, when they were at last married, the most ideal of situations was found to have been changed to the most practical. Instead of having shared their original duties, and as school-boys would say, going halves, they discovered that the cares of life had been doubled. This led to some distressing moments for both our friends; they understood suddenly that instead of dwelling in heaven they were still upon earth, and had made themselves slaves to new laws and limitations. Instead of being freer and happier than ever before, they had assumed new responsibilities; they had established a new household, and must fulfill in some way or another the obligations of it. They looked back with affection to their engagement; they had been longing to have each other to themselves, apart from the world, but it seemed they never felt so keenly that they were still units in modern society. 

三．Chinese to English.
都市寸土千金，地价炒得越来越高，今后将更高。拥有一个小小花园的希望，对寻常之辈不啻是一种奢望，一种梦想。 
我想，其实谁都有一个小小花园，这便是我们的内心世界。人的智力需要开发，人的内心世界也是需要开发的。人和动物的区别，除了众所周知的诸多方面，恐怕还在于人有内心世界。心不过是人的一个重要脏器，而内心世界是一种景观，它是由外部世界不断地作用于内心渐渐形成的。每个人都无比关注自己及至亲至爱之人心脏的渐损，以至于稍有微疾便惶惶不可终日。但并非每个人都关注自己及至亲至爱之人的内心世界的阴晴。

2008年答案
1. 答案：in result--- in consequence
2. 答案：moves---movements
3. 答案：distinctive---distinct/different
4. 答案：time ∧ --- when
5. 答案：accepted--- acknowledged/confirmed/realized
6. 答案：those---that
7. 答案：删去on
8. 答案：At---In
9. 答案：carry ∧ with --- on
10. 答案：Since---For
In fact, I think everyone has a small garden and that is our inner world. People’s intelligence needs to be developed, so does the inner world. The difference between people and animals, in addition to the many well-known, is also in the inner world. The heart is an important organ; however, the inner world is a landscape. It gradually took shape under the constant 
influence of the outside world on the heart. Everyone is so concerned about the health of the hearts of their loved ones as well as his that a slight disease would cause great anxiety. But not everyone is concerned about the inner world of themselves and their loved ones. 
参考译文：但是正如其他许多已经发生过的事情一样，当他们最终结婚后，发现最憧憬的生活变得再实际不过了。他们非但没有分担各自原先的责任---正如那些学生们所说"一半一半"，相反却发现生活的重担加倍了。这使得我们那两个结婚的朋友时常觉得沮丧；他们突然发现自己并没有过着天堂般的生活而是仍实实在在地生活在地球上，而且成为了新规则和新约束的奴隶。生活并没有比以前更自由、更幸福，因为他们要去承担新的责任。既然成立了一个新的家庭，那就无论如何也要尽一点家庭的义务。他们深情地回想起订婚的那段时光，曾经如此地渴望拥有彼此而忘掉这个世界，然而现在最深切的感受却是自己仍是这个世界的一份子。

EXERCISE FOUR
一．Proof reading.
2009年
The previous section has shown how quickly a rhyme passes
from one school child to the next and illustrates the further difference (1)_____
between shcool lore and nursery lore. In nursery lore a verse, learnt
in early childhood, is not usually passed on again when the little listener (2)_____
has grown up, and has children of their own, or even grandchildren. (3)_____
The period between learning a nursery rhyme and transmitting
It may be something from twenty to seventy years. With the playground (4)_____
lore, therefore, a rhyme may be excitedly passed on whtin the very hour (5)_____
it is learnt; and in the general, it passes between children of the (6)_____
same age, or nearly so, since it is uncommon for the difference in age
between playmates to be more than five years. If therefore, a playground
rhyme can be shown to have been currently for a hundred years, or (7)_____
even just for fifty, it follows that it has been retransmitting over
and over; very possibly it has passed along a chain of two or three (8)_____
hundred young hearers and tellers, and the wonder is that it remains live (9)_____
after so much handling, to let alone that it bears resemblance to the (10)____
original wording.

二．English to Chinese.
We，the human species，are confronting a planetary emergency – a threat to the survival of our civilization that is gathering ominous and destructive potential even as we gather here. But there is hopeful news as well： we have the ability to solve this crisis and avoid the worst – though not all – of its consequences，if we act boldly， decisively and quickly. However，despite a growing number of honorable exceptions， too many of the world's leaders are still best described in the words Winston Churchill applied to those who ignored Adolf Hitler's threat："They go on in strange paradox， decided only to be undecided， resolved to be irresolute， adamant for drift， solid for fluidity， all powerful to be impotent." So today， we dumped another 70 million tons of global-warming pollution into the thin shell of atmosphere surrounding our planet， as if it were an open sewer. And tomorrow，we will dump a slightly larger amount， with the cumulative concentrations now trapping more and more heat from the sun.

三．Chinese to Englsh.
手机改变了人与人之间的关系。通常有注意到会议室的门上的告示，写着“关闭手机。”然而，会议室仍然充满着铃声。我们都是普通人，没有很多重要的事情。但是，我们也不愿轻易关闭手机。打开手机象征着我们与世界的联系。手机反映出我们的社交饥渴。我们经常看到，一个人走着走着，就突然停下来了，眼睛盯着他的手机，不管他在那里，无论是在道路中心或旁边有厕所。

2009年答案
1. 答案：the further--- a further
2. 答案：when---until
3. 答案：their---his
4. 答案：something---anything
5. 答案：therefore---however/nevertheless/yet
6. 答案：删掉in the general中的the
7. 答案：currently---current
8. 答案：over and over ∧--- again
9. 答案：live --- alive
10. 答案：删掉to let alone中的to
我们人类，正面临全球性的危机，我们的生存和文明受到威胁。尽管我们聚在一起共商对策，而灾难却在扩大，形式不容乐观。但也有令人欣喜的消息：如果行动大胆果断，反应迅速，我们有能力解决这场危机，避免其向最坏的方向发展。
但是，时下世界上的许多国家领导人可以用当年温斯顿？丘吉尔批评欧洲诸政要忽视阿道夫？希特勒的名言来形容，“它们在奇怪的悖论中前行，仅仅为一个决定而犹豫不决，有了决心却拖泥带水，信心犹疑不定，见解随波逐流，掌权者虚弱无力。”
而如今我们向这个星球脆弱的大气层倾倒超过七千万吨温室气体，把其当作天然排污口。明天我们还会变本加厉，堆积的温室气体吸纳了越来越多的太阳热度。

Cell phone has altered human relations. There is usually a note on the door of conference room， w