新人教版八年级英语下册期中复习1-5单元知识归纳总结.doc

八年级英语下册15知识点归纳总结Unti1 whats the matter?短语归纳1. too much 太多 2.lie down 躺下 3. get an X-ray 做个X光检查 4.take one s temperature 量体温 5. put some medicine on .在.上敷药 6.have a fever 发烧7. get off 下车 8. think twice再三考虑without thinking twice 没多想9. take breaks /take a break 休息 10.take sb to the hospital 送某人去医院 11.wait for等待 12.to ones surprise 使.惊讶的13.thanks to多亏于；由于 14.in time及时 on time按时 15. think about 考虑 16.have a heart problem患有心脏病 17. get into the trouble 遇到麻烦 18.do the right thing做正确的事情事情19.fall down 摔倒 20.put . on sth把.放在某物上 21. get hit/sunburned 摔伤/烧伤 22.be interested in 对.感兴趣be used to 习惯于. 24.take risks/take a risk 挑战25.lose ones life 失去生命 26. save ones life 27.run out of 用完 28.cut off 切除29.get out of 从.出来 30.make a decision/decisions 做决定31.be in control of 掌管；管理 32.give up 放弃33. have a stomachache 3. see sb. do sth. 34. shout for help35. expect (sb.) to do sth. 36.have a sore throat嗓子疼37.have a cold感冒 38.have a sore back后背疼39.have a stomachache胃痛 40。have a fever发烧41too many太多（修饰可数名词） too much太多（修饰不可数名词）much too太（修饰形容词 42hot tea with honey加糖热茶 43get an X-ray 拍片 45hurt伤着。（及物动词）Dont hurt him.疼（不及物动词）My head hurts. 伤到自己hurt oneself第一单元第三页2.see an old man lying on the side of the road 4.be surprised to do惊讶的做某事 5 expect sb to do期待做某事 6 agree to do同意做某事 一单元第四页1.看牙医 see a dentist 2 some advice 一些建议（建议不可数）3.have colds 感冒 4.fall down摔倒 fall down from=fall off5,lie down and rest 躺下休息 6.get some rest得到休息7.Did you hurt yourself playing soccer?你在踢足球时伤到自己了么？一单元第五页1.把绷带放上面Put a bandage on it 2. 在水下冲洗Run it under water3.休息几天Rest for a few days 4 有人头部受伤 Someone got hit on the head 5.把头低下Put your head back 6.有人鼻子出血Someone had a nosebleed7.按压你鼻子两侧Press the sides of your nose把头低下8.ill只能做表语 She is ill. sick 可以做表语，也可以做定语修饰名词 She is ill./She is a sick girl. 第六页1.做某事有困难1.have problems in doing=have trouble in doing=have difficulty in doing2.have problems breathing呼吸困难3,get hit by a ball被球击中4.get sunburned被晒伤5,look up the words in the dictionary字典里查字典 6.write down写下7.be interested in doing/n.=take an interest in doing/n.对。感兴趣8.take risks of doing take a risk of doing冒险做。at the risk of at risk9.get/be used to doing习惯于。10.He found himself in a very dangerous situation when climbing. before/after/When+doing11.use sth to do用。做 12,be caught被压15.准备。be ready to do/be ready for sth16.cut off切除 插话cut in cut up切碎17.tell of 描述 18.the importance of doing做某事的重要性 19.be in difficult situation在困难的情况下20,a book called一本叫。的书 called=named=with the name of21.死亡die（动词） death （名词） dead （形容词） dying（现在分词）22.think about it考虑它23.mean to do打算做 mean doing意味着 meaning意思Whats the meaning of?=What doesmean?=What do you mean by.?。是什么意思？24.keep on doing 继续做某事（有间隔）Keep doing继续做某事（无间隔）Keep sb doing让某人继续做某事 Keep sb from doing阻止某人做某事25.血（不可数）blood a drop of blood一滴血 bloody有血的26.free 动词：解放 形容词：自由的，免费的，空闲的 33,give up doing放弃做。 give it up放弃它用法归纳1. need to do sth .需要去做某事 2.see sb doing sth 看见某人正在做某事3. ask sb sth 询问某人某事 4.expect sb to do sth 期望某人做某事5. agree to do sth 想要做某事 6.help sb (to) do sth 帮助某人做某事7. want to do sth 想要做某事 8.tell sb to do sth 告诉某人做某事9. have problems(in) doing sth 做某事有困难 10.use sth to do sth用某物去做某事11. be/get used to doing sth 习惯于做某事 12.seem to do sth 好像做某事13. keep on doing sth 继续做某事 14.mind doing sth 介意做某事精细解读1. Whats the matter (with you)? 怎么了？出什么事了？Whats the trouble/ the problem / wrong with sb./ sth.?2. I had a cold.我感冒了。have a cold=catch a cold=have the flu have a fever have a cough咳嗽have a stomachache胃疼，肚子疼 have a toothache牙疼 have a headache头疼3. 身体部位+ache（疼痛）构成新的复合词stomach+ache=stomachache head+ache=headache tooth+ache=toothache back+ache=backache后背痛4. much too+ 词，意为 ，too much+ 词，意为 。5. enough【形容、副词】足够的/地，enough放在名前后，形副后。good enough足够好，enough money=money money6. lie down躺下， lie 躺，躺着，过去式lay；lie说谎，过去式lied7. maybe “或许”，常用于句首，表示可能性，后加句子。Maybe you are right.may be，是情态动词+be的结构，意为“可能，也许”，后加名词、代词或形容词。He may be angry.8. sound like+名词代词和从句：It sounds like you dont know the truth. It sounds like a good idea.sound+形容词，“听起来，好像”，The music sounds nice.9. need 需要，实义动词need+名词，需要某物； need to do sth.需要做某事，主语通常是人，表示人主动的动作：You need to listen carefully during class. need doing sth.主语通常是物，表示被动的动作：Your dirty clothes need washing.10. get off (the bus) 下（公交车） get on 上车11. agree 同意，赞同；同意做某事 ，同意某人的看法、观点 。13. right away=right now=at once，意为 。14.【复习】 advice 不可数名词劝告，建议，向征求意见 ， give sb. advice on sth.就某事给某人建议； advise 动词 advise sb. to do sth. advise doing sth .（同allow.）15. 【复习】exercise 动词意为 ，可数时意为 ，不可数时意为 。18. hit （用手或器具）打；击打 The boy hit the dog with a stone. hit sb. on the head/ nose/ back打某人的头、鼻子、后背，on用在所打较硬的部位； hit sb. in the face/ eye/ stomach 打某人的脸、眼睛、肚子，in用在所打较软的部位。18. be used to sth./ doing sth.习惯于、适应了、做某事，强调状态；His grandpa was used to country life. Mary is not used to getting up early in the morning. get/ become used to sth./ doing sth. “变得习惯，逐渐适应”强调过程、动作：Its difficult for one to get used to another countrys habit.21. run out用完，用尽 When his water run out, he knew that he would have to do something to save his own life.物sth. tun out. 某物用尽了。 人sb. run out of物sth.人用尽了某物。He run out of all his money last night.22. risk (sb.) to do sth. 冒险去做某事 take a risk=take risks 冒险 23. the importance of (doing) sth.（做）某事的重要性 We students should know the importance of (learning) English. importance n. 重要（性）， important adj.重要的，unimportant adj.24. decision 【名词】决定；抉择； make a decision make a decision to do sth.= 。25. be in control of 掌管，管理 The headmaster is in control of this new school. be out of control无法控制，无法管理 be under control被控制住，在控制之中26. 【复习】mind意为 ，mind doing sth. , Would you mind my opening the window?27. give up (doing) sth. 放弃（做）某事，give up (playing) computer games；give up后可接名词、代词和动词ing形式，也可不接，如 Never give up easily.三、重点语法【反身代词】英语中共有八个反身代词，在使用时应注意和它所指的相应的对象在人称、性别、数上保持一致。数 人称第一人称第二人称第三人称单数myselfyourselfhimself herself itself复数ourselvesyourselvesthemselves【用法】1. 可用作宾语，指的是宾语和主语表示同一个或同一些的人或事物。 如：Maria bought herself a scarf. We must look after ourselves very well. 2. 可用作表语，指的是表语和主语表示同一个或同一些人或事物。 如： She isnt quite herself today. 3. 可用作主语或宾语的同位语，常用来加强语气。如：She herself will fly to London tomorrow. I met the writer himself last week. 4. 用在某些固定短语当中。如： look after oneself / take care of oneself 照顾自己 teach oneself sth./ learn sth. by oneself自学enjoy oneself 玩得高兴，过得愉快 help oneself to sth 请自用（随便吃/喝些）. hurt oneself摔伤自己 say to oneself自言自语 leave sb. by oneself把某人单独留下 buy oneself sth.给自己买东西 introduce oneself 介绍自己【提醒】1. 反身代词不能单独做主语，但可以做主语的同位语，起强调作用。 如：我自己能完成作业。（误）Myself can finish my homework. (正) I myself can finish my homework. / I can finish my homework myself.2. 反身代词表示“某人自己”不能表示“某人的东西”，因为它没有所有格的形式。表达“某人自己的（东西）”时，须要用ones own. 如：我用我自己的蜡笔画画。（误）Im drawing with myself crayons. (正) Im drawing with my own crayons.【练习】1. My classmate, Li Ming, made a card for _ just now.2. Bad luck! I cut _ with a knife yesterday.3. They tell us they can look after_ very well.4. My cat can find food by_ .5. Help _to some beef, boys.6. Jenny enjoyed_ in the park yesterday afternoon.7. We can finish our homework by_ .8. The blind girl lost_ in the beautiful music.9. Xiao Hui, can you introduce _ to us ?10. Bill wants to teach_ French from now on.Unit 2 Ill help to clean the city parks 短语归纳1. cheer sb up使高兴2clean up打扫 clean it up clean-up n. 打扫 3.could (1) 是 can的过去式:He could swim when he was 5. (2) could+动词原形，语气比can委婉。“能”的意思4.give out=hand out分发 give out food分发食物 hand in收give out 发出（光，热，声，味）The sun gives out light and heat to the earth.give out用光，耗尽：Our supplies（供给） gave out.5.在食物银行at the food bank6.volunteer (1)名词，志愿者。I want to be a volunteer. (2)动词, volunteer to do 自愿做某事:He volunteered to clean up the room.8.plan （1）动词 planning planned Plan to do 计划做某事 （2）名词 make a plan制定计划9.a City Park Clean-Up Day城市公园清洁日10.想出come up with.=think up 想出 catch up with 赶上 追上come up with an idea想出一个主意 come up 走近come over 过来，顺便拜访 , come out出来，开花，出版 come on加油，过来10.tell sb about .告诉某人关于某事 11.from now离现在 two weeks from now离现在两周12.put off延期 （1）+名词 （2）延期做某事put off doing13.put up signs张贴标语 put out熄灭，伸出 put away收好 put on穿上 put down放下，记下 put up张贴，搭建 put ones heart into 用心去做 put into 把.译成 . put back放回原处，把钟拨慢14.call up打电话 make a telephone call 打电话15.notice（1）公告牌，通告 （2）注意 notice sb doing注意某人正在做。 notice sb do注意某人经常做。 （3）notice+从句二单元二课时第十页1. a plan for the City Park Clean-Up Day为了城市公园清洁日的计划在老年之家in an old peoples home2.used to do /be意思是过去常常做.get/be used to doing 指的是习惯于做. They got used to living in the countryside他们已习惯于住在农村。 be used to do sth 被用来做某事2. alone(1)副词 adv. 单独；独自 =by oneself; She went home alone. 她独自回家去了。(2)副词 adv. 仅仅；只有 =only He alone can do it. 只有他才能做这件事。(3)形容词 adj. 单独的 He is alone. 他独自一人。3.lonely：形容词比较级： lonelier 最高级： loneliest (.1 )形容词 孤独的；寂寞的 I was alone,but I did not feel lonely. 我虽然孤单，但我不感到寂寞。 (2) adj偏远的；人迹罕至的 They went to a lonely place in the mountains. 他们到了山中寂寞的地方。3. care for+名词/代词/doing。照顾 look after=take care of4. things like reading. like 后接doing:像。7.each 每个 各自的 强调一个人或事物的个别情况 常与of 连用 every 每个 每一个的 一切的 则有“全体”的意思不能与of 连用8. help sb. (to) do 帮助某人做某事 help him (to) study help sb. with sth. 帮助某人做某事 help him with English9. help sb. out 帮助做事，解决难题(摆脱困境) I cant work out this math problem. Please help me out. 我不能算出这道数学问题，请你帮我解决。10.several（1）数个的:several days later（2）做代词Several of the students were absent. 有几个学生缺席11.at an animal hospital12 I believe him（=I believe what he says）我相信他（的话）。I believe in him（=I trust him ）我相信他是一个可以信得过的人。（即：我信任他）Believe相信 believe in信任，信仰12. 困难的工作 hard work 工作努力work hard14.learn more about how to care for animals.15.I get such a strong feeling of satisfaction.16.the look of joy on their owners faces.17.in satisfaction 满意地 使满意satisfyHe smiled in satisfaction .18.own: of ones own意思是 自己 The car is of my own=It is my own car.own可以是动词.拥有 的意思 比如： He owns the house.他拥有着幢房子。19.joy n. 欢乐，快乐；乐趣；高兴vi. 欣喜，欢喜vt. 高兴，使快乐 He jumped with joy when he heard the good news. 当他听到这一好消息时高兴得跳了起来19. such/sosuch 是形容词，修饰名词或名词词组，so是副词，只能修饰形容词或副 词。so 还可与表示数量的形容词many，few，much， little连用，形成固定搭配。 so + adj. such + a(n) + n. so + adj. + a(n) + n. such + n. (pl.) so + adj. + n. (pl.) such +n. (pl.) so + adj. + n. 不可数 such +n. 不可数She is such a nice girl that our teacher likes her very muchShe is so nice a girl that our teacher likes her very much她真是个好女孩，我们的老师很喜欢她。二单元三课时1.在四岁时at the age of four=when sb was four2.try out for参与选拔 try out for a volunteer参与选拔志愿者3.课后阅读项目after-school reading program 4.go on a different journey进行一次长途旅行5.Volunteering here is a dream come true for me.对于我来说志愿的梦想成真。6.I can do what I love to do。我能做我爱做的事。7.at the same time同时8. go on to do继续做另外的事情，例如: Go on to do the other exercise after you finish this one. 做完这个练习题后，接着做另一个练习题。 go on doing接着做同一件事情，例如: After a short break, I go on doing my homework. 在短暂的休息后，我继续做作业。二单元四课时1.make some signs to put up around the school制作标语，张贴在学校周围2.忙于做be busy with be busy doing3.try doing 尝试做某事 try to do努力做某事 试一试have a try4.the book sale售书 homeless people无家可归的人5. 5.give out the money from the sale to homeless people. give out捐赠6. 担心做某事be worried about doing7. less lucky 不太幸运8. raise money for为。筹钱9. stop doing停止做原来的事stop to do停下来做另一件事stop sb from doing阻止某人做某事 12.take after 在性格或长相方面与父母相象13.fix up 修理 fix it up 修理 它 14 give away 捐赠 I gave away my bike to a childrens home. 15.be similar to 与.相似 16,break out爆发二单元五课时1.write a letter to sb=write to sb给某人写信2.Here is a letter for you 3.give money to把钱给4,thanks for doing=thank you for doing因。而感谢5.set up建立 be set up被建立 6.残疾人disabled people7.make it possible for sb to do使做某事成为可能8.make a big difference to 对。有影响make no difference to 对。没有影响9.imagine+名词/代词/doing/宾语从句 10.answer the telephone接电话11，a friend of mine/名物代/名词所有格 12.a trained dog一只经过训练的狗13.be excited about +n/doing对。感到兴奋 be excited to do14.change变化，可数名词。 不可数名词：零钱Great changes have taken place since 1990.15.send sth to sb = send sb sth把。寄给。发射send up send for派人请16.给他命令give him orders 17.kindness名词，善良18.after six months of training with a dogtrain sb/sth to do 训练。做当不及物动词时train=exercise train火车 a training center a trained dog19 be strong in +名词/代词/doing20.work out fine=work out well奏效21.针对家长的热线电话中心a call-in center for parents22.for sure 确实如此，毫无疑问23.no longer = not any longer 指时间上不再延续。 no more = not any more 指动作上不再延续。用法归纳1. need to do sth 需要做某事 2.make a plan to do sth 制定计划做某事3. ask sb (not ) to do sth 要求某人（不要）做某事4. used to do sth 过去常常做某事 5.give up +时间+to do sth放弃时间做某事6. get a feeling of.有.感觉 7.decide to do sth 决定做某事8. help sb (to)do sth 帮助某人做某事 9.make a difference to 对.产生影响10. make it possible for sb to do sth 使得做某事对某人来说是可能的单元课文出现的好句子1. We need to come up with a plan to tell people about the city park clean-up.我们要相处一个计划来告诉人们关于这个城市公园清洁日的事。2. We cant put off making a plan.我们不能推迟制定计划了3. We could put up signs. 我们可以张贴标志牌。动词不定式归纳只跟动词不定式做宾语的动词 决心学会有希望（ decide,learn,wish,hope）同意计划莫假装（agree,plan,pretend） 忘记拒绝会失望（forget,refuse,fail）准备设法来帮忙（prepare,try,manage,help） 提供请求负担起（offer,beg,afford）记得阻止理应当（remember stop,be supposed）习题链接1. -Tom failed the exam again -Sorry to hear