新人教版八年级英语下册期中复习1-5单元知识归纳总结.doc

八年级英语下册1——5知识点归纳总结
Unti1 what’s the matter?
短语归纳
1. too much 太多 2.lie down 躺下
3. get an X-ray 做个X光检查 4.take one ’s temperature 量体温
5. put some medicine on ......在....上敷药 6.have a fever 发烧
7. get off 下车 8. think twice再三考虑without thinking twice 没多想
9. take breaks /take a break 休息 10.take sb to the hospital 送某人去医院
11.wait for等待 12.to one’s surprise 使.......惊讶的
13.thanks to多亏于；由于 14.in time及时 on time按时
15. think about 考虑 16.have a heart problem患有心脏病
17. get into the trouble 遇到麻烦 18.do the right thing做正确的事情事情
19.fall down 摔倒 20.put ...... on sth把...放在某物上
21. get hit/sunburned 摔伤/烧伤 22.be interested in 对.....感兴趣
be used to 习惯于.... 24.take risks/take a risk 挑战
25.lose one’s life 失去生命 26. save one’s life
27.run out of 用完 28.cut off 切除
29.get out of 从...出来 30.make a decision/decisions 做决定
31.be in control of 掌管；管理 32.give up 放弃
33. have a stomachache 3. see sb. do sth. 34. shout for help
35. expect (sb.) to do sth. 36.have a sore throat嗓子疼
37.have a cold感冒 38.have a sore back后背疼
39.have a stomachache胃痛 40。have a fever发烧
41too many太多（修饰可数名词） too much太多（修饰不可数名词）much too太（修饰形容词 42．hot tea with honey加糖热茶 43．get an X-ray 拍Ｘ片
45．hurt伤着。。（及物动词）Don’t hurt him.
　　疼（不及物动词）My head hurts. 伤到自己hurt oneself
第一单元第三页
2.see an old man lying on the side of the road
4.be surprised to do惊讶的做某事
5 expect sb to do期待做某事 6 agree to do同意做某事
一单元第四页
1.看牙医 see a dentist 2 some advice 一些建议（建议不可数）
3.have colds 感冒 4.fall down摔倒 fall down from=fall off
5,lie down and rest 躺下休息 6.get some rest得到休息
7.Did you hurt yourself playing soccer?你在踢足球时伤到自己了么？
一单元第五页
1.把绷带放上面Put a bandage on it 2. 在水下冲洗Run it under water
3.休息几天Rest for a few days 4 有人头部受伤 Someone got hit on the head
5.把头低下Put your head back 6.有人鼻子出血Someone had a nosebleed
7.按压你鼻子两侧Press the sides of your nose把头低下
8.ill只能做表语 She is ill.
sick 可以做表语，也可以做定语修饰名词 She is ill./She is a sick girl.
第六页1.做某事有困难
1.have problems in doing=have trouble in doing=have difficulty in doing
2.have problems breathing呼吸困难
3,get hit by a ball被球击中4.get sunburned被晒伤
5,look up the words in the dictionary字典里查字典 6.write down写下
7.be interested in doing/n.=take an interest in doing/n.对。。感兴趣
8.take risks of doing take a risk of doing冒险做。。
at the risk of at risk
9.get/be used to doing习惯于。。
10.He found himself in a very dangerous situation when climbing.
before/after/When+doing
11.use sth to do用。。。做 12,be caught被压
15.准备。。。be ready to do/be ready for sth
16.cut off切除 插话cut in cut up切碎
17.tell of 描述 18.the importance of doing做某事的重要性
19.be in difficult situation在困难的情况下
20,a book called…一本叫。。。的书 called=named=with the name of…
21.死亡die（动词） death （名词） dead （形容词） dying（现在分词）
22.think about it考虑它
23.mean to do打算做 mean doing意味着 meaning意思
What’s the meaning of…?=What does…mean?=What do you mean by….?。。是什么意思？
24.keep on doing 继续做某事（有间隔）Keep doing继续做某事（无间隔）
Keep sb doing让某人继续做某事 Keep sb from doing阻止某人做某事
25.血（不可数）blood a drop of blood一滴血 bloody有血的
26.free 动词：解放 形容词：自由的，免费的，空闲的
33,give up doing放弃做。。 give it up放弃它
用法归纳
1. need to do sth .需要去做某事 2.see sb doing sth 看见某人正在做某事
3. ask sb sth 询问某人某事 4.expect sb to do sth 期望某人做某事
5. agree to do sth 想要做某事 6.help sb (to) do sth 帮助某人做某事
7. want to do sth 想要做某事 8.tell sb to do sth 告诉某人做某事
9. have problems(in) doing sth 做某事有困难 10.use sth to do sth用某物去做某事
11. be/get used to doing sth 习惯于做某事 12.seem to do sth 好像做某事
13. keep on doing sth 继续做某事 14.mind doing sth 介意做某事
精细解读
1. What’s the matter (with you)? 怎么了？出什么事了？
What’s the trouble/ the problem / wrong with sb./ sth.?
2. I had a cold.我感冒了。
have a cold=catch a cold=have the flu have a fever have a cough咳嗽
have a stomachache胃疼，肚子疼 have a toothache牙疼 have a headache头疼
3. 身体部位+ache（疼痛）构成新的复合词
stomach+ache=stomachache head+ache=headache tooth+ache=toothache back+ache=backache后背痛
4. much too+ 词，意为 ，too much+ 词，意为 。
5. enough【形容、副词】足够的/地，enough放在名前后，形副后。
good enough足够好，enough money=money money
6. lie down躺下， lie 躺，躺着，过去式lay；lie说谎，过去式lied
7. maybe “或许”，常用于句首，表示可能性，后加句子。Maybe you are right.
may be，是情态动词+be的结构，意为“可能，也许”，后加名词、代词或形容词。He may be angry.
8. sound like+名词代词和从句：It sounds like you don’t know the truth.
It sounds like a good idea.
sound+形容词，“听起来，好像”，The music sounds nice.
9. need 需要，实义动词need+名词，需要某物；
need to do sth.需要做某事，主语通常是人，表示人主动的动作：You need to listen carefully during class.
need doing sth.主语通常是物，表示被动的动作：Your dirty clothes need washing.
10. get off (the bus) 下（公交车） get on 上车
11. agree 同意，赞同；同意做某事 ，同意某人的看法、观点 。
13. right away=right now=at once，意为 。
14.【复习】 advice [不可数名词]劝告，建议，向…征求意见 ， give sb. advice on sth.就某事给某人建议； advise [动词] advise sb. to do sth. advise doing sth .（同allow.）
15. 【复习】exercise 动词意为 ，可数时意为 ，不可数时意为 。
18. hit （用手或器具）打；击打 The boy hit the dog with a stone.
hit sb. on the head/ nose/ back打某人的头、鼻子、后背，on用在所打较硬的部位；
hit sb. in the face/ eye/ stomach 打某人的脸、眼睛、肚子，in用在所打较软的部位。
18. be used to sth./ doing sth.习惯于、适应了……、做某事，强调状态；
His grandpa was used to country life.
Mary is not used to getting up early in the morning.
get/ become used to sth./ doing sth. “变得习惯，逐渐适应……”强调过程、动作：It’s difficult for one to get used to another country’s habit.
21. run out用完，用尽 When his water run out, he knew that he would have to do something to save his own life.
物sth. tun out. 某物用尽了。 人sb. run out of物sth..人用尽了某物。
He run out of all his money last night.
22. risk (sb.) to do sth. 冒险去做某事 take a risk=take risks 冒险
23. the importance of (doing) sth.（做）某事的重要性
We students should know the importance of (learning) English.
importance n. 重要（性）， important adj.重要的，unimportant adj.
24. decision 【名词】决定；抉择； make a decision make a decision to do sth.= 。
25. be in control of …掌管，管理 The headmaster is in control of this new school.
be out of control无法控制，无法管理 be under control被控制住，在控制之中
26. 【复习】mind意为 ，mind doing sth. ,
Would you mind my opening the window?
27. give up (doing) sth. 放弃（做）某事，give up (playing) computer games；give up后可接名词、代词和动词ing形式，也可不接，如 Never give up easily.
三、重点语法
【反身代词】英语中共有八个反身代词，在使用时应注意和它所指的相应的对象在人称、性别、数上保持一致。
数 人称
第一人称
第二人称
第三人称
单数
myself
yourself
himself herself itself
复数
ourselves
yourselves
themselves

【用法】
1. 可用作宾语，指的是宾语和主语表示同一个或同一些的人或事物。
如：Maria bought herself a scarf. We must look after ourselves very well.
2. 可用作表语，指的是表语和主语表示同一个或同一些人或事物。
如： She isn’t quite herself today.
3. 可用作主语或宾语的同位语，常用来加强语气。
如：She herself will fly to London tomorrow. I met the writer himself last week.
4. 用在某些固定短语当中。
如： look after oneself / take care of oneself 照顾自己
teach oneself sth./ learn sth. by oneself自学
enjoy oneself 玩得高兴，过得愉快
help oneself to sth 请自用……（随便吃/喝些……）.
hurt oneself摔伤自己
say to oneself自言自语
leave sb. by oneself把某人单独留下
buy oneself sth.给自己买……东西
introduce oneself 介绍……自己 
【提醒】
1. 反身代词不能单独做主语，但可以做主语的同位语，起强调作用。 如：我自己能完成作业。
（误）Myself can finish my homework. (正) I myself can finish my homework. / I can finish my homework myself.
2. 反身代词表示“某人自己”不能表示“某人的东西”，因为它没有所有格的形式。表达“某人自己的（东西）”时，须要用one’s own.
如：我用我自己的蜡笔画画。（误）I’m drawing with myself crayons. (正) I’m drawing with my own crayons.
【练习】
1. My classmate, Li Ming, made a card for _________ just now.
2. Bad luck! I cut _________ with a knife yesterday.
3. They tell us they can look after_________ very well.
4. My cat can find food by_________ .
5. Help __________to some beef, boys.
6. Jenny enjoyed_________ in the park yesterday afternoon.
7. We can finish our homework by_________ .
8. The blind girl lost_________ in the beautiful music.
9. Xiao Hui, can you introduce _________ to us ?
10. Bill wants to teach_________ French from now on. 
Unit 2 I’ll help to clean the city parks
短语归纳
1. cheer sb up使…高兴
2clean up…打扫 clean it up clean-up n. 打扫
3.could (1) 是 can的过去式:He could swim when he was 5.
(2) could+动词原形，语气比can委婉。“能”的意思
4.give out=hand out分发 give out food分发食物 hand in收…
give out 发出（光，热，声，味）The sun gives out light and heat to the earth.
give out用光，耗尽：Our supplies（供给） gave out.
5.在食物银行at the food bank
6.volunteer (1)名词，志愿者。I want to be a volunteer.
(2)动词, volunteer to do 自愿做某事:He volunteered to clean up the room.
8.plan （1）动词 planning planned Plan to do 计划做某事
（2）名词 make a plan制定计划
9.a City Park Clean-Up Day城市公园清洁日
10.想出come up with.=think up 想出 catch up with 赶上 追上
come up with an idea想出一个主意 come up 走近
come over 过来，顺便拜访 , come out出来，开花，出版 come on加油，过来
10.tell sb about ..告诉某人关于某事 11.from now离现在
two weeks from now离现在两周
12.put off延期 （1）+名词 （2）延期做某事put off doing
13.put up signs张贴标语 put out熄灭，伸出 put away收好 put on穿上
put down放下，记下 put up张贴，搭建 put one’s heart into 用心去做 put… into …把..译成 .. put back放回原处，把钟拨慢
14.call up打电话 make a telephone call 打电话
15.notice（1）公告牌，通告
（2）注意 notice sb doing注意某人正在做。。。
notice sb do注意某人经常做。。。 （3）notice+从句
二单元二课时第十页
1. a plan for the City Park Clean-Up Day为了城市公园清洁日的计划
在老年之家in an old people’s home
2.used to do /be意思是过去常常做...
get/be used to doing 指的是习惯于做... They got used to living in the countryside．他们已习惯于住在农村。 be used to do sth 被用来做某事
2. alone(1)副词 adv. 单独；独自 =by oneself; She went home alone. 她独自回家去了。
(2)副词 adv. 仅仅；只有 =only · He alone can do it. 只有他才能做这件事。
(3)形容词 adj. 单独的 · He is alone. 他独自一人。
3.lonely：形容词比较级： lonelier 最高级： loneliest
(.1 )形容词 孤独的；寂寞的 · I was alone,but I did not feel lonely. 我虽然孤单，但我不感到寂寞。
(2) adj偏远的；人迹罕至的 · They went to a lonely place in the mountains. 他们到了山中寂寞的地方。
3. care for+名词/代词/doing。照顾 look after=take care of
4. things like reading. like 后接doing:像。。。。
7.each 每个 各自的 强调一个人或事物的个别情况 常与of 连用
every 每个 每一个的 一切的 则有“全体”的意思不能与of 连用
8. help sb. (to) do 帮助某人做某事 help him (to) study
help sb. with sth. 帮助某人做某事 help him with English
9. help sb. out 帮助…做事，解决难题(摆脱困境)
I can’t work out this math problem. Please help me out.
我不能算出这道数学问题，请你帮我解决。
10.several（1）数个的:several days later
（2）做代词Several of the students were absent. 有几个学生缺席
11.at an animal hospital
12 I believe him．（=I believe what he says）我相信他（的话）。
I believe in him．（=I trust him ）我相信他是一个可以信得过的人。（即：我信任他）
Believe相信 believe in信任，信仰
12. 困难的工作 hard work 工作努力work hard
14.learn more about how to care for animals.
15.I get such a strong feeling of satisfaction.
16.the look of joy on their owners’ faces.
17.in satisfaction 满意地 使满意satisfy
He smiled in satisfaction .
18.own: of one’s own意思是 …自己
The car is of my own=It is my own car.
own可以是动词.拥有 的意思 比如： He owns the house.他拥有着幢房子。
19.joy n. 欢乐，快乐；乐趣；高兴vi. 欣喜，欢喜vt. 高兴，使快乐
· He jumped with joy when he heard the good news.
当他听到这一好消息时高兴得跳了起来
19. such/so
such 是形容词，修饰名词或名词词组，so是副词，只能修饰形容词或副
词。so 还可与表示数量的形容词many，few，much， little连用，形成固定搭配。
so + adj.         such + a(n) + n.
so + adj. + a(n) + n.   such + n. (pl.)
so + adj. + n. (pl.)    such +n. (pl.)  
so + adj. + n. [不可数]  such +n. [不可数]
She is such a nice girl that our teacher likes her very much．＝She is so nice a girl that our teacher likes her very much．她真是个好女孩，我们的老师很喜欢她。
二单元三课时
1.在四岁时at the age of four=when sb was four
2.try out for…参与选拔 try out for a volunteer参与选拔志愿者
3.课后阅读项目after-school reading program
4.go on a different journey进行一次长途旅行
5.Volunteering here is a dream come true for me.对于我来说志愿的梦想成真。
6.I can do what I love to do。我能做我爱做的事。
7.at the same time同时
8. go on to do继续做另外的事情，例如: Go on to do the other exercise after you finish this one. 做完这个练习题后，接着做另一个练习题。
go on doing接着做同一件事情，例如: After a short break, I go on doing my homework. 在短暂的休息后，我继续做作业。
二单元四课时
1.make some signs to put up around the school制作标语，张贴在学校周围
2.忙于做…be busy with… be busy doing
3.try doing 尝试做某事 try to do努力做某事 试一试have a try
4.the book sale售书 homeless people无家可归的人
5. 5.give out the money from the sale to homeless people. give out捐赠
6. 担心做某事be worried about doing
7. less lucky 不太幸运
8. raise money for为。。。筹钱
9. stop doing停止做原来的事
stop to do停下来做另一件事
stop sb from doing阻止某人做某事
12.take after 在性格或长相方面与父母相象
13.fix up 修理 fix it up 修理 它 14 give away 捐赠
I gave away my bike to a children’s home.
15.be similar to 与...相似 16,break out爆发
二单元五课时
1.write a letter to sb=write to sb给某人写信
2.Here is a letter for you 3.give money to…把钱给
4,thanks for doing=thank you for doing因。。。而感谢
5.set up建立 be set up被建立 6.残疾人disabled people
7.make it possible for sb to do使做某事成为可能
8.make a big difference to …对。。。有影响
make no difference to …对。。。没有影响
9.imagine+名词/代词/doing/宾语从句 10.answer the telephone接电话
11，a friend of mine/名物代/名词所有格 12.a trained dog一只经过训练的狗
13.be excited about +n/doing对。。。感到兴奋 be excited to do
14.change变化，可数名词。 不可数名词：零钱
Great changes have taken place since 1990.
15.send sth to sb = send sb sth把。。。寄给。。发射send up send for派人请
16.给他命令give him orders 17.kindness名词，善良
18.after six months of training with a dog
train sb/sth to do 训练。。。做
当不及物动词时train=exercise train火车 a training center a trained dog
19 be strong in +名词/代词/doing
20.work out fine=work out well奏效
21.针对家长的热线电话中心a call-in center for parents
22.for sure 确实如此，毫无疑问
23.no longer = not … any longer 指时间上不再延续。
no more = not … any more 指动作上不再延续。
用法归纳
1. need to do sth 需要做某事 2.make a plan to do sth 制定计划做某事
3. ask sb (not ) to do sth 要求某人（不要）做某事
4. used to do sth 过去常常做某事 5.give up +时间+to do sth放弃时间做某事
6. get a feeling of.....有......感觉 7.decide to do sth 决定做某事
8. help sb (to)do sth 帮助某人做某事 9.make a difference to 对......产生影响
10. make it possible for sb to do sth 使得做某事对某人来说是可能的
单元课文出现的好句子
1. We need to come up with a plan to tell people about the city park clean-up.
我们要相处一个计划来告诉人们关于这个城市公园清洁日的事。
2. We can’t put off making a plan.我们不能推迟制定计划了
3. We could put up signs. 我们可以张贴标志牌。
动词不定式归纳
只跟动词不定式做宾语的动词
决心学会有希望（ decide,learn,wish,hope）同意计划莫假装（agree,plan,pretend）
忘记拒绝会失望（forget,refuse,fail）准备设法来帮忙（prepare,try,manage,help）
提供请求负担起（offer,beg,afford）记得阻止理应当（remember stop,be supposed）
习题链接
1. -Tom failed the exam again
-Sorry to hear