高中英语名词性从句专题复习.doc

高中英语名词性从句专题复习
仔细研究近年高考题，我们会发现名词性从句是高考的热点。这就要求我们在平时的复习和备考中注意总结，系统研究。下面我结合本人的教学经验和大家共同探讨一下这一语法现象，希望能对同学们的学习有所帮助。
一、名词性从句“四大考点”
1.考察名词性从句的分类
2.考察名词性从句中关联词的使用
二、名词性从句的分类
名词性从句相当于名词，可分别作主句的主语、表语、宾语和同位语。因此，名词性从句可分为主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句和同位从句。
（一）主语从句
1、主语从句在复合句作主语。
e.g. Who will go is not important.
2、用it作形式主语，主语从句放在句末。
e.g. It doesn’t matter so much whether you will come or not.
注意：that引导主语从句时，不能省略。
e.g. That he suddenly fell ill last week made us surprised.
（二）表语从句
1、表语从句在复合句中作表语，位于系动词之后。
e.g. The question was who could go there.
注意：引导表语从句的连接词that有时可省去。
e.g. My idea is (that) we can get more comrades to help in the work.
（三）宾语从句
1、宾语从句在复合句中作宾语。引导宾语从句的连词that一般可省略。
e.g. I hope (that) everything is all right.
2、介词之后的宾语从句，不可用which或if连接，要分别用what或 whether。
e.g. I’m interested in whether you’ve finished the work..
I’m interested in what you’ve said.
注意1：whether与if都可以引导宾语从句，常可互换。但下面情况不能互换。
①宾语从句是否定句时，只用if，不用whether。
e.g. I wonder if it doesn’t rain.
②用if 会引起误解，就要用whether。
e.g. Please let me know whether you want to go.（此句如果把whether改成if，容易当成条件句理解）
③宾语从句中的whether 与or not直接连用，就不能换成if；不直接连用，可换。
e.g. I don’t know whether or not the report is true.
I don’t know whether/ if the report is true or not.
注意2以下情况只能用whethe
⑴介词后的宾语从句要用whether引导
⑵whether 可与不定式连用
⑶whether也可引导主语从句、表语从句、同位语从句，让步状语从句，以上从句中均不能换成if
⑷宾语从句中的whether 与or not直接连用
e.g. It depends on whether we have enough money.
They don’t know whether to go there.
（四）同位语从句
同位语从句在句中作某一名词的同位语，一般位于该名词（如：news, fact, idea, suggestion, promise等）之后，说明该名词的具体内容。
e.g. I have no idea when he will be back.
The fact that he had not said anything surprised everybody.
三、名词性从句的关联词分类：
1． 从属连词：that, whether, if, as if
注意：that, whether, if, as if。that 无词义，在从句中不担任成分，有时可省略；if (whether), as if虽有词义，但在从句中不担任成分。
Eg: The question is whether it is worth doing.
My hope is that she will soon be well again.（表语从句）
Everybody hopes that she will soon be well again.（宾语从句）
That she will soon be well again is our hope.（主语从句）
需要注意的是：引导主语从句，表语从句和同位语从句的情况，that是不可以省略的
2． 连接代词：who, whom, whose, what, which, whoever, whomever, whatever, whichever
Eg:Who will take his place is unknown.
That is what he is worried about.
I have no idea which team will win.
注意：连接代词有词义，在从句中担任成分，如主语、表语、宾语、或定语等。
3． 连接副词：when, where, why, how, whenever, wherever, however
Eg:Where she has gone s not known yet.
Please tell me when we shall discuss our work plan.
This is why he is late.
You have no idea how worried I was.
注意：连接副词有词义，在从句中担任成分，作状语。
总结：连接代词与连接副词在句中不再是疑问句，因而从句中谓语不用疑问式，而应用陈述语序。连接代词与连接副词在从句充当句子成分，连接词whether 和if（是否），as if（好象）在从句中不充当句子成分，只起连接作用。根据句义，如果连接代词与连接副词，whether、if 和as if都用不上时，才用that作连接词（that本身无任何含义）。
四、备考建议：

1.考前应认真研读高考题目，了解高考题目的立意风格，做到心中有数。
2.掌握名词性从句的分类和关联词的用法，高考的考查方向一向以实用为主，故可能会在长句中考查。建议大家从题型入手，仔细分析句子内部结构，以不变应万变。

实战演练：
1. Your skirt is really splendid, but ______we actually need is not a skirt but a new pair of shoes.
A. that B. what C. whether D. how.
2. ______made me more surprised was ______the pickpocket asked my friend to lend him some money and he agreed.
A. What ;that B. That; that
C. What; whether D. It; that
3. What do you think of this suggestion that we ______lunch at the new restaurant?
A. will have B. are going to have
C. would have C. have
4. I don’t know the reason ______you were absent from the meeting, but I’m sure that someone will tell me the reason ______you haven’t told me.
A. why; that B. that; why
C. because; which D. of which; that
5. ______made his mother surprised was ______Tom Smith should have been fooled by such a simple trick.
A. What; that B. What; because
C. That; what D. That; because
6. According to Bill Gates, the idea ______we can play video games and receive E-mails without sitting at a keyboard will come true. However, it is unclear ______it will be on sale and ______it will cost.
A. which; that; what B. /; whether; how much
C. that; when; what D. that; that; how much
7. The doctors are trying their best to reduce the people’s fear ______they would be infected by the present disease called SARS.
A. whether B. which C. when D. that
8. Word has come ______in some western countries, demand for graduates from MBA courses has fallen down.
A. that B. while C. when D. as
9. Though Frances congratulates herself on her success she sometimes wonders ______will happen to her private life.
A. it B. what C. which D. that.
10. I think Mother would like to know ______I’ve been up to so far, so I decide to send her a quick not.
A. which B. why C. what D. how

2008高考链接：
（福建卷）27. _____ is known to us all is that the 2008 Olympic Games will take place in Beijing.
A. It B. What C. As D. Which
（浙江卷）4. ______wants to stay in a hotel has to pay their own way.
A. Anyone B. The one C. Whoever D. Who
（天津卷）12. The last time we had great fun was _____ we were visiting the Water Park.
A. where B. how C. when D. why
（重庆卷）33. All people, __ they are old or young, rich or poor, rich or poor, have been trying their best to help those in need since the disaster.
A. even if B. whether
C. no matter D. however
(上海卷)36.  It has been proved ___ eating vegetables in childhood helps to protect you against serious illnesses in later life.
 A. if B. because C. when D. that

答案:
实战演练： 1.B 2.A 3.D 4.A 5.A 6.C 7.D 8.A 9.B 10.C
2008高考链接： 1.B 2.C 3.C 4.B 5.D