2023年上海海洋大学管理学原理题库已分类整理好附答案完全版.doc

TRUE/FALSE
T 1．Management is often considered universal because it uses organizational resources to accomplish goals and attain high performance in all types of profit and not-for-profit organizations.
T 2．Leadership involves the use of influence to motivate employees to achieve the organization’s goals.
F 3．Organising means defining goals for future organizational performance and deciding on the tasks and resources needed to attain them.
F 4. Efficiency refers to the degree to which the organization achieves a stated objective. 
F 5. The manager’s ability to ‘think strategically’ requires high technical skills and a proficiency in specific tasks within an organization.  
F 6. First-line managers are the managers who have the responsibility for making the significant strategic policy decisions, often with staff managers assisting them in these decisions.
T 1. The learning organization is an attitude or philosophy（哲学）about what an organization can become.
F 2. The essential idea in a learning organization is efficiency.
F 3. As a manager, Lou prefers to think in terms of ‘control over’ rather than ‘control with’ others. This is in agreement with the idea of a learning organization.
T 4. Empowerment means giving employees the power, freedom, knowledge, and skills to make decisions and perform effectively.
F 5. Theory X and Theory Y, proposed by Douglas McGregor, provide two opposing（相反旳） views of workers: Theory X recognises that workers enjoy achievement and responsibility, while Theory Y recognises（承认）that workers will avoid work whenever possible.
F 1、The study of management traditionally has focused on factors external to the organizations.
T 2、The general environment and the task environment are the two layers of an organization’s external environment.
F 3、Customers and competitors are two important sectors of the economic dimension（次元）of a firm’s general environment.
F 4. Other organizations in the same industry or type of business that provide goods or services to the same set of customers are referred to as suppliers.
F 5. The internal environment within which managers work includes corporate（企业旳） culture, sociocultural aspects and customers.
T 1、Found between the domains（领域）of law and free choice, ethics（道德规范）is the code of moral principles that governs any individual or group.
T 2、Most ethical dilemmas（困境）involve a conflict between the needs of the part and the whole.
F 3. The four approaches that guide ethical decision making are utilitarian（功力旳）, individualism, moral-rights and objective dualism（双重论）.
F 4. Free choice lies between the domains of codified law and ethics.
F 5. Most of the laws guiding human resource management are based on the individualism approach.
F 6. Culture is the only aspect of an organization that influences ethics.
T 7. All stockholders of an organization are its stakeholders, but not all stakeholders are its stockholders.
F 1、Of the four management functions, organizing is the most fundamental（主线旳）, as everything practical（实际旳）stems（血统）from careful organization.  
T 2. A desired future state that the individual or organization attempts to realize is a goal.  
F 3. Plans specify（列举）future ends; goals specify today’s means.  
F 4. The act of determining the organization’s goals and the means for achieving them is called goal setting.
T 5. Goals and plans are valuable to an organization because they provide legitimacy（合法）, rationale（基本原理）for decisions and an increase in motivation（积极性）and commitment（承诺）.  
T 6. An organization’s mission describes its reason for existence.  
T 7. Mission statements often reveal（显示）the company’s philosophy as well as purpose.  
T 8. Strategic plans and goals are those that focus on where the organization wants to be in the future and pertain（属于）to the organization as a whole.  
F 9. Reviewing progress is the most difficult step in an MBO process.  
T 10. Long-term planning includes strategic goals for the overall organization.
F 1、By far the most difficult decision situation is uncertainty.
T 2、A choice made from available alternatives is called a decision。
F 3、The classical decision making model assumes that the decision-maker is rational, and makes the optimal decision each time.
F 4、Decision-making must not be done amid ever-changing factors, unclear information and conflicting points of view.
F 5、According to the Vroom-Jago Model, leaders should be concerned with decision characteristics like a commitment requirement, problem structure and subordinate conflict.
T 1. Organizational structure refers to the framework in which the organization defines the way tasks are divided, resources are deployed and departments are coordinated.
T 2. Authority is the right to use resources, make decisions and issue orders in an organization.
F 3. Given the challenges to meet customer needs and adapt to the environment, most organizations today discourage managers to delegate authority to the lower levels.
T 4. The number of employees reporting to a supervisor is his or her span of management.
T 5. An advantage of vertical functional structure is its quick response to external changes.
T 1、The set of activities that are undertaken to attract, develop and maintain an effective work force is referred to as human resource management.
F 2、 An interview is a one-way communication channel that allows the organization to obtain information about the applicant.
T 3、HR planning, choosing recruiting sources, and selecting the candidate are the first three steps involved in attracting an effective work force.
T 4、The value of an exit interview is to provide an excellent and inexpensive tool for learning about pockets of dissatisfaction within the organization and hence for reducing future turnover.
Multiple Choice
C 1. The figurehead role involves:
A. motivating and communicating with staff
B. initiating（发起）change
C. handling ceremonial（正式旳）and symbolic activities
D.developing information sources within the organization
E.staying well informed about current affairs

B 2. How an organization goes about accomplishing a plan is a key part of the management function of:
A. planning B. organizing C. leading D. controlling E. motivating
E 3. Which of the following is not a function of management?
A. control B. plan C. organize D. Lead E.performance
A 4. A social entity（本质）that is goal directed and deliberately（谨慎地）structured is referred to as:
A. an organization B.management C.employees D.students E.tasks  
C 5. Which of the following types of skills is the understanding of and proficiency in the performance of specific tasks?
A.human skill B.leadership skill C.technical skill
D.conceptual（概念上旳）skill E.social skill
E 6. The informational role, according to Mintzberg, is a(n) ____________ role? A.entrepreneur（企业家） B.leader C.figurehead（有名无实旳领袖） D.celebratory E.monitor
E 1. __________ forces refer to those aspects of a culture that guide and influence relationships among people.
A.Legal B.Economic C.Political D.Psychological E.Social  
E 2. Variables（变量）such as interest rates, inflation（通货膨胀）and trade tariffs（关税）are all examples of _________ forces.
A.technological B.political C.social D.socio-educational
E.none of the above  
D 3. Strategy has traditionally been the sole（唯一旳）responsibility of:
A. middle management B. project managers （项目经理）
C. company accountants D. top managers  
C 4. During the early twentieth century, the prevailing（一般旳）management perspective（观点）, which emphasised rationality（合理性）and a scientific approach, was the _________ perspective.
A. scientific B. behavioural C. classical D. quantitative E. Pareto 
C 5. The three subfields（子域）of the classical perspective include:
A. bureaucratic organization, quantitative management, and the human relations movement
B. quantitative management, behavioural science, and administrative management
C.administrative management, bureaucratic organization, and scientific management
D.scientific management, quantitative management, and administrative management
E.none of the above 
B 6. Bruce believes his employees are responsible and able to work without intense direction and supervision（管理）. He is a:
A. Theory X manager B. Theory Y manager
C. Theory Z manager D. contingency（偶尔性）theory manager
E. classical manager
B 1. Which of these is a part of an organization’s internal environment?
A. its customers B.its salespeople C.its wage structure
D. its suppliers E. its competitor
E 2. The __________ environment represents（体现）the outer layer of the environment and affects organizations __________.
A. task; indirectly B. general; directly
C. internal; directly D. internal; indirectly（间接地）
E.general; indirectly  
C 3. Which of these is NOT a part of an organization’s general environment?
A. technological B. economic C. competitors
D.legal-political E. socio-cultural  
D 4. An organization’s task environment includes all of the following EXCEPT: A. competitors B. customers C. labor markets
D.employers E. suppliers
A 5. Which of these are included in an organization’s task environment?
A. suppliers B. accounting procedures （手续）
C. technology D. government E. demographic（人口记录学旳）characteristics  
B 6. Which of the following consists of demographic factors, such as population density?
A. technological environment B. sociocultural environment
C. legal-political environment D. internal environment
E. economic environment  
B 7. The __________ represents people in the environment who can be hired to work for the organization.
A. competitors B. labour market C. suppliers
D. customers E.government 
C 8. Which statement （论述）below is correct?
A. When environment is dynamic（活跃旳）, uncertainty is low.
B. When the environment is unstable（动态旳）, uncertainty is low.
C. A dynamic environment has more uncertainty than a stable environment.
D. The stability（稳定性）of the environment does not determine the structure of the firm.
E. None of the above.
A 9. Research has found that a(n) __________ structure works best when organizations experience uncertainty.
A. flexible （灵活旳） B. mechanistic（机械旳） C. intuitive（直觉旳）
D. inorganic E. rigid （死板旳）
C 1、Which of these refers to the code of moral principles and values that govern behavior with respect to what is right and wrong?
A. social responsibility B. free domain
C. ethics D. codified law （编纂法典） E. discretionary（任意旳）responsibility  
E 2. Around ____ per cent of adults reach the level three stage of moral development.
A. 30 B. 40 C. 50 D. 80 E. 20  
A 3. Ethics deals with _______ values that are a part of corporate culture and shapes decisions concerning social responsibility with respect to the _______ environment. A.internal/external B.external/external C.internal/internal
D.external/internal E.none of the above  
B 4. The assumption（假设）that ‘If it’s not illegal, it must be ethical,’ ignores which of the following?
A. domain of codified law B. domain of ethics
C. domain of free choice D. discretionary responsibility
E. domain of symbolism 
C 5. The golden rule ‘do unto others as they would do unto you’ is:
A. an example of the utilitarian approach to ethical behaviour
B. representative of the moral-justice approach to moral decision making
C. an example of the values that guide the individualism approach to ethical behaviour
D. an age-old piece of advise not to be taken too seriously
E. an example of the justice approach to ethical behaviour 
B 6. Individualism is most closely related to:
A. social responsibility B. free choice
C. economic responsibility D. codified law E. togetherness  
D 7. Sexual harassment（性骚扰）is unethical because it violates（违反）an important part of which approach to ethical behavior?
A. the utilitarian approach B. the individualism approach
C. the justice approach D. the moral-rights approach
E. the defensive（防御旳）approach  
D 8. Most of the laws guiding human resource management are based on the:
A. utilitarian approach B. moral-rights approach
C. individualism approach D. justice approach
E. collectivism（集体主义）approach
C 1. A desired future state that an organization attempts to realise（明白）is called a(n):
A. plan B. vision statement C. goal
B. D. mission statement E. idea
 A 2. __________ specify future ends and __________ specify today’s means. A.Goals, plans B. Plans, goals C.Planning, organising
D. Ideas, behaviours E. Mission, vision
C 3. Which of these is the act of determining the organization’s goals and the means for achieving them?
A. organising B.brainstorming C.planning
D.developing a mission E.a blueprint
B 4. The planning process begins with which of these?
A. the development of operational（运作旳）goals
B. the development of a mission statement
C. communication of goals to the rest of the organization
D. a company-wide meeting
E. brainstorming  
D 5. The __________ is the basis for the strategic level of goals and plans which in turn（空旳） shapes the __________ and __________ level.
A. goal, mission, tactical
B. operational goal, mission and tactical （方略旳）
C. objective, operational, mission
D. mission, tactical, operational
E. tactical plan, operational, mission  
A 6. __________ are primarily concerned with tactical goals/plans.
A. Middle management B. Board of directors
C. Consultants D.Senior management
E. Lower management  
D 7. Which of these are primarily responsible for strategic goals/plans?
A. middle management B.board of directors
C. consultants（征询者） D.senior management
E.lower management  
D 8. A statement that identifies distinguishing characteristics of an organization is known as:
A. a goals statement B. a values statement
C. an income statement D.a mission statement
E. a competitive-edge statement  
C 9. The organization’s reason for existence is known as:
A. the organization’s value B. the organization’s vision
C. the organization’s mission D.the organization’s goal
E. the organization’s service

C 10. ‘We seek to become the major computer maintenance（维修）business in Shanghai ’ is an