人教版英语必修三unit4知识点以及相应练习(超级好).doc

Unit 4　Astronomy: the science of the stars

[写得准]
[用得活]
[积得多]
1.fundamental adj.　　基本的；基础的
2.astronomy n. 天文学
3.crash vi.& vt. 碰撞；坠落
4.system n. 系统；体系；制度
5.theory n. 学说；理论
6.atmosphere n. 大气层；气氛
7.thus adv. 因此；于是
8.pull n．&vt. 拉(力)；拖；牵引力
9.float vi.&vt. (使)浮动；(使)漂浮
n. 漂浮物
10.harmful adj.有害的→harm n．害处 vt.对……有害
11.violent adj.猛烈的；激烈的；强暴的→violence n．暴力→violently adv.猛烈地；激烈地
12.puzzle vt.&vi.(使)迷惑；(使)为难 n．谜；难题→puzzling adj.令人迷惑的→puzzled adj.迷惑不解的
13.unlike prep.不同；不像→like (反义词)prep.像→dislike v．& n．不喜欢
14.exist vi.存在；生存→existence n．存在
15.globe n．球体；地球仪；地球→global adj.全球性的；全世界的
16.religion n．宗教；宗教信仰→religious adj.宗教的
用所给词的适当形式填空
1. (like) most people in the office who come to work by car, I usually come to work by bus.
2.We live in a (globe) village, but this doesn’t mean that we all behave in the same way.
3.Do you believe the of ghosts? Perhaps they only ____ in the minds of some people.(exist)
4.Last night we had a discussion, which became more and more . Finally we reached an agreement that we will never use whatever happens.(violent)
5.There was a look on the little girl’s face because a ________problem her.(puzzle)
6.Playing computer games will not only do to your physical health, but it is also ________ to your mental health.So there is no in advising you to give it up.(harm)
1.与“太空”有关的高频单词集锦
①astronomy n．　 　天文学
②astronaut n. 宇航员
③gravity n. 万有引力
④satellite n. 卫星
⑤orbit n. 轨道
⑥spaceship n. 宇宙飞船
⑦universe n. 宇宙
⑧launch vt. 发射
2.各种“碰撞”聚焦
①crash v．　　 　 　碰撞；坠落
②bump n．&v. 撞；碰撞(声)
③collide v. 碰撞；相撞
④collision n. 撞击；碰撞
⑤run into 撞上
⑥knock into 撞上
3.un­前缀高频形容词全接触
①unlike 不像的
②unable 不能……的
③unacceptable 不能接受的
④unbelievable 不可相信的
⑤uncertain 不确定的
⑥unclear 不清楚的
⑦uncomfortable 不舒服的
⑧unfair 不公平的

[写得准]
[用得活]
[积得多]
1.in_time　及时；终于
2.lay_eggs 下蛋
3.give_birth_to 产生；分娩
4.in_one’s_turn 轮到某人；接着
5.watch_out_for 密切注意；当心；提防
6.cheer_up 感到高兴；感到振奋
7.depend_on 依靠；取决于
8.break_out 突发；爆发
9.prevent_..._from 阻止；制止
10.block_out 挡住(光线)
11.get_the_hang_of 熟悉；掌握；理解
12.now_that 既然
选用左栏短语填空
1.Do remember to watch_out_for cars while crossing the street.
2.Cheer_up! You must believe in yourself and you will get success.
3.Please tell me when Mr.Smith is arriving at the train station so that I can pick him up in_time.
4.At last the firefighters put out the fire in the supermarket, which broke_out at ten this morning.
5.You’ve made me suffer in the past, so now you, in_your_turn,_suffer
again！
1.表达“小心；当心”的高频短语荟萃
①watch out (for)　小心；当心(……)
②look out 当心
③take care 小心
④be careful 小心
2.“阻止/禁止某人做某事”的多种表达
(1)阻止某人做某事
①prevent sb. from doing sth.
②stop sb. from doing sth.
③keep sb. from doing sth.
(2)禁止某人做某事
④prohibit sb. from doing sth.
⑤ban sb. from doing sth.
⑥forbid sb. from doing sth.

[背原句]
[记句式]
[会仿用]
1.This produced a chain reaction, which made it possible for life to develop.
这就产生了一系列的反应，使得生命就有可能开始发展了。
句中的it是形式宾语，真正的宾语是不定式短语to develop。
这个女孩懂三门外语，这使她更容易找到一份好工作。
The girl knows three foreign languages, which makes_it_easier_for_her_to_find a good job.
2.But when I tried to step forward, I found I was carried twice as far as on the earth and fell over.
而当我试着向前迈步时，我发觉我被送出去很远，步子的跨度竟是在地球上的两倍，因而我摔倒了。
“...倍数＋as＋形容词/副词原级＋as ...”是倍数表达法之一，意为“……是……的多少倍”。
杰西卡付出的是以前三倍的时间和精力，所以我相信她这次能成功。Jessica devoted three_times_as_much_time_and_energy_as she did before, so I believe she will succeed this time.
3.“Oh, dear，” I cried, “walking does need a bit of practice now that gravity has changed.”
“天哪，”我大声说，“既然重力改变了，看来走路也的确需要练一练了。”
now that “既然；由于”，引导原因状语从句，有时that可以省略。
既然它对我们的好处如此多，为什么不试一试呢？Now_that_it_benefits_us so much, why not have a try？

1．harmful adj.有害的
[经典例句]　Experts point out that fruit juices can be harmful to children’s teeth.
专家指出果汁可能损害儿童的牙齿。

①Some boys are too crazy about playing games on the computer, which is very (harm) to their health.有些男生对玩电脑游戏简直到了痴迷的程度，这对他们的健康非常有害。

2．exist vi.存在；生存
[教材原句]　They laid eggs too and existed on the earth for more than 140 million years.
它们也生蛋，在地球上生存了一亿四千多万年。
(1)There exists ... 某地有……；存在……
(2)existence n. 存在；生存
come into existence 产生；成立；开始存在
①There_exists a generation gap between the young and the old.
青年人和老年人之间存在着代沟。
②You can’t imagine what difficulty they have existing on the money he’s earning.
你无法想象他们靠他挣的那点钱维持生活是多么的困难。
③Scientists have many theories about how the universe first came into (exist)．
关于一开始宇宙是如何产生的，科学家们有多种观点。
[名师指津]　exist是不及物动词，没有被动语态，也不用于进行时态。

3．puzzle vt.使迷惑；使为难 n．谜；难题；(游戏的)猜谜
[教材原句]　How life began on earth is one of the biggest puzzles that scientists found hard to solve.地球生命如何起源是科学家们觉得很难解决的最大的难题之一。
(1)puzzle about　　　 冥思苦想；苦苦思索
(2)a puzzle to sb. 一件让某人感到困惑的事情
(3)puzzling adj. 令人迷惑的
puzzled adj. 迷惑不解的；困惑的
be puzzled about 对……迷惑不解
②Where the lost boy has gone still remains puzzle to us.
丢失的男孩去了哪儿对我们来说仍是个谜。
③His last paintings are perhaps the most ,_which even all the artists.(puzzle)
他最后的一批画作也许是最让人困惑的，这些画作甚至使所有的艺术家们都非常困惑。

Ⅰ.基础点全练
1．单句语法填空
①I can say that it is the most (violence) film that I have ever seen.
②The festival of this year has been a great success, (like) the year before when it rained non­stop.
③The conversation was carried on a harmonious and friendly atmosphere.
④As the old saying goes, it is easier to pull than to build up.
⑤Her (puzzle) look on her face suggested she didn’t understand what I said.
⑥The driver lost control of the car on the slippery road and crashed a truck.

Ⅱ.重难点多练
1．exist全方位
(1)单句语法填空
①There (exist) a good way to solve the (exist) problem at present.
③As is known to us, the Republic of China came into (exist) as an independent country in 1949.

2．harmful面面观
(1)用所给词的适当形式填空
①As we all know, a bad eating habit is (harm) to one’s health.
②As far as I’m concerned, there is no (harmful) in making an apology to him first.

1．in time及时；终于；总有一天
(1)in no time　　　立刻；马上 at a time 每次；一次
at the same time 同时 from time to time 有时；偶尔

2．in one’s turn轮到某人；接着
in turn　　　　　　　　　　　 依次；轮流；反之；相应地
by turns 轮流；交替地
take turns to do sth. 轮流做某事
It is one’s turn to do sth. 轮到某人做某事
It turns/turned out that ... 结果……

3．cheer up(使)高兴；(使)振奋；感到高兴；感到振奋

4．But when I tried to step forward, I found I was carried twice_as_far_as on the earth and fell over.
而当我试着向前迈步时，我发觉我被送出去很远，步子的跨度竟是在地球上的两倍，因而我摔倒了。
twice as far as ...是一种倍数的表示方法，意为“是……的两倍远”。as far as ...“远到……”。
英语中常见的倍数表达法有：

①The red ruler is three times as (long) as the yellow one.
＝The red ruler is three times longer (long) than the yellow one.
＝The red ruler is three times the (long) of the yellow one.
这个红尺子是黄尺子的三倍长。

5．“Oh dear，” I cried, “walking does need a bit of practice now_that_gravity has changed.”
“天哪，”我大声说，“既然重力改变了，看来走路也的确需要练一练了。”
now that “既然；由于”，引导原因状语从句。在语义上相当于since，that在口语中可以省略。

Ⅰ.基础点全练
1．单句语法填空
①Though injured seriously, he tried to cheer ,_hoping to make his parents less worried.
②The two girls are so alike that strangers find difficult to tell one from the other.
③ was needed at that time, she told me, was some good luck.
④Class Three should be responsible for raising the red flag this week its turn.
⑤I had meant to call you, but was prevented doing so.

Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．I could feel the wind (gentle) blowing through my hair, it was a warm summer breeze.
2．Watch out sharp bends and adjust your speed accordingly.
3．The new stadium being built for the next Asian Games will be three times (big) than the present one.
4．As we know, getting angry not only does harm one’s health but also has a bad effect the relationship between people.
5．It is none of your business what other people think about you. Believe in yourself.
6．He failed the exam and I didn’t know how to cheer him .
7．After several years of practice, I think I will finally get the hang spoken English.
8．All theories come from practice and turn serve practice.
9．Sometimes he found very hard to fall asleep at night, so he went to see the doctor.
10．There were many fish (float) in the river because of the serious pollution.
Ⅱ.单句改错
1．There is so much rain on the island that its annual rainfall reaches as many as sixty inches.
2．You’ll succeed on time because you are always working hard.
3．Do you know when the Marriage Law came into an existence？
4．We recognized the possibility and took steps to prevent it happened.
5． The boss of the company is trying to create an easy atmosphere that his employees enjoy their work.
6．The twin brothers stood under the tree, puzzling and saying nothing.
练(一)　英语知识运用·组块专练——练准度
Ⅰ.完形填空
The other day I was having a meal in an Italian restaurant when I got a phone call from a long lost friend. In my excitement I talked slightly __1__ than usual and in Spanish, my mother tongue. A few minutes into the __2__ the lady sitting at the table beside mine got up, seemingly __3__， and asked the restaurant staff to find for her another __4__ as far away as possible from me. I __5__ in my seat out of embarrassment, feeling the __6__ to go over and apologize.
I looked around and __7__ the lady was alone and staring out the window at the table furthest away from me. I was about to stand up when it hit me that she might prefer not to be __8__. Right then I __9__ my plans for a conventional apology and decided to conduct an experiment. Seeing those __10__ smile cards in my wallet I took one out. On signing my restaurant check I asked my waiter to __11__ charge the lady’s meal to my credit card and __12__ her a smile card instead of her bill.
When I was __13__ I told the staff I would be back in a few hours to pick up my credit card and close the bill. I returned later as I promised, excited to learn the __14__ of the experiment. To my pleasant surprise, things __15__ the best possible way. The restaurant staff happily approached me, telling me that in the many times she had had dinner there before __16__ had they seen the old lady smile and laugh like she did __17__ receiving the smile card and the D|S0 __18__. She thanked the staff __19__ they explained that someone else did the job.
To top it off, the staff asked me about the smile cards so as to conduct their own __20__. It was an interesting, fun experiment which may hopefully result in many more.
1．A.better　　　　 B．more C．faster D．louder
2．A.call B．speech C．quarrel D．saying
3．A.tired B．worried C．annoyed D．confused
4．A.chair B．table C．room D．space
5．A.hid B．lay C．sank D．took
6．A.chance B．urge C．pity D．mistake
7．A.spotted B．told C．heard D．recognized
8．A.attracted B．watched C．noticed D．disturbed
9．A.had B．made C．abandoned D．refused
10．A.funny B．useless C．expensive D．strange
11．A.instantly B．secretly C．slightly D．freely
12．A.draw B．buy C．drop D．hand
13．A.going B．arriving C．leaving D．walking
14．A.outcome B．effects C．rules D．situations
15．A.worked out B．turned out C．went out D．figured out
16．A.ever B．even C．still D．never
17．A.on B．to C．at D．with
18．A.gift B．note C．check D．expense
19．A.unless B．because C．as though D．even though
20．A.shops B．experiments C．businesses D．restaurants

Ⅱ.语法填空
What should you do if you are not able to sleep? The best thing is to try to avoid bad habits. __1__ you always go to bed and get up at about the same time, this sets a __2__ (health) rhythm in your life. Don’t drink caffeine drinks in the evening. Smoking and alcohol can also keep you awake. You may have trouble __3__ (sleep) if you have a heavy meal just before you go to bed.
You may also find it difficult __4__ (get) to sleep if you have a problem or something else on your mind. This is __5__ you need to relax. As you lie in bed, tense the muscles in your feet and then relax __6__. Continue up the body, tensing and relaxing the muscles until you reach the head. Start with the feet again if you are still tense. If you __7__ (think) about a problem or about something exciting that is going to happen the next day, get up and write about it. That will help to take it off your mind. You can also get up and read, but be sure to choose __8__ book that is not too difficult. __9__， you may get so interested that you won’t want to go to sleep even when you feel sleepy. Sleep well! Sweet __10__ (dream)!
练(二)　第Ⅱ卷强化增分·组块专练——练规范
Ⅰ.语法填空
Most Americans don’t like to get advice from members of their family. They get advice from “strangers”. When they need advice, they __1__ (rare) go to people they know. Instead, many of __2__ write letters to newspapers and magazines __3__ give advice on many different subjects __4__ (include) family problems, the use of language, health, cooking, child care, clothes, and even on how to buy a house or a car.
Most newspapers regularly print letters from readers with problems. Along with the letters there are answers written by people who __5__ (suppose) to know how to solve such problems. Some of these writers are doctors, and others are lawyers or __6__ (educate). Among the writers, two women are famous. __7__ they have no special training for this kind of work, they can give the readers suitable advice because they are rich __8__ life experience and good at communicating with others. A survey was done last year about why people __9__ (turn) to strangers for help and why the two women were well­received. Most people interviewed in __10__ survey said this way could help protect their privacy and the advice from the women was practical and effective.

Ⅱ.短文改错
Last Saturday, our school had organized an activity to visit the children at a local orphanage. As one of the volunteer, I took part in it. We took many books as well many kinds of school supplies and toys to the children. They were delighting to receive the gifts. In the morning, we played some games with them when we used to play in our childhood. Then we cooked and had lunch here. In the afternoon, we gave them some performances. Before leaving the orphanage, we had photos take with them and gave them our contact details so that they could keep in touch with one another. Each of us had a happily time. We gave the children our care and help, but in return, they gave us their smiles and love.
Ⅲ.书面表达
近年来，人们对中国传统节日的关注程度日益下降，而洋节日却越来越受到人们的追捧。你们班就这一现象进行了热烈讨论，请用英语写一篇短文。要点如下：
赞成的理由
1.有助于吸收外来文化，促进跨文化交流；
2.有些节日具有教育意义，如母亲节、感恩节等
反对的理由
1.外来文化入侵，特别是宗教节日；
2.失去对中国传统节日的兴趣
个人观点
……
注意：1.词数100左右；
2．可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯；
3．开头已给出，不计入总词数。
Nowadays, western festivals such