2017年6月大学英语四级翻译练习题13篇汇总.doc

2017年6月大学英语四级翻译练习题13篇汇总
1. 中国菜
请将下面这段话翻译成英文：
　　中国菜(cuisine)是中国各地区、各民族各种菜肴的统称，也指发源于中国的烹饪方式。中国菜历史悠久, 流派(genre)众多，主要代表菜系有“八大菜系”。每一菜系因气候、地理、历史、烹饪技巧和生活方式的差异而风格各异。中国菜的调料(seasoning)丰富多样，调料的不同是形成地方特色菜的主要原因之一。中国菜强调色、香、味俱佳，味是菜肴的灵魂。中国饮食文化博大精深，作为世界三大菜系之一的中国菜，在海内外享有盛誉。
　　参考翻译:
　　Chinese cuisine is a general term for the various foods from diverse regions and ethnic groups of China. It also refers to cooking styles originating from China. With a long history, Chinese cuisine has a number of different genres, the main representatives of which are "Eight Cuisines". Every cuisine is distinctive from one another due to the differences in climate, geography, history, cooking techniques and lifestyle. Chinese cuisine contains a rich variety of seasonings, which is one of main factors contributing to different local special dishes. Chinese cuisine lays emphasis on the perfect combination of color, flavor, and taste, and the soul of the dishes in taste. Chinese cuisine culture is extensive and profound, and Chinese cuisine, one of the Three World Cuisines, enjoys a reputation home and abroad.
　　1.第一句话的汉语由两个分句组成，句子较长，在译成英文时，可把它拆分成两句。“也指发源于中国的烹饪方式”可单独译成一句also refers to cooking styles originating from China，这样可以更好的体现两句的并列关系。
　　2.第二句话由三个分句组成。翻译时将“中国菜流派众多”译为主句，“历史悠久”用with a history of...来表达，“主要代表菜系有…”则用非限制性定语从句表示。这样可以使译文结构紧凑，句式多样。
　　3.第三句中的“风格各异”可以用be distinctive from表达，比用have different styles更地道。
4.在“中国菜强调色、香、味俱佳”中，“色、香、味俱佳”的英文翻译并没有逐字的对应，因而增译了combination，把汉语中暗含的意思完整地表达出来。
2. 中国制造
请将下面这段话翻译成英文：
　　“中国制造”指在中国制造的商品所附的标签。由于中国有丰富的劳动力资源和原材料资源等优势，中国制造的产品物美价廉，受到世界各国的欢迎。中国的制造业迅速发展，“中国制造”已经成为一个在全球广受认可的标签。目前中国已经成为世界制造业的中心，被称为“世界工厂”。尽管全球大量的电子产品和鞋都是中国制造，但这些产品的设计都是在欧美国家完成的，如今越来越多的中国公司致力于开创自己的品牌。希望实现从“中国制造”到“中国设计”的转变。
　　参考翻译:
　　"Made in China" is a label attached to the products manufactured in China. Owing to the advantages of rich labor resources and raw material resources in China, products made in China are well-received in the world on account of their competitive price and superior quality. "Made in China" has become a recognizable label in the world today thanks to the rapid development of the manufacturing industry in China. At present, China has become the world’s manufacturing center and is named "World Workshop". Although globally a great number of electronic products and shoes are made in China, all their designs are completed in European and American countries. Nowadays a growing number of Chinese companies are devoting themselves to establishing their own brands, hoping to be transformed from "Made in China" into "Designed in China".
　　1.“由于中国有丰富的劳动力资源…”,可以使用owing to是“受到世界各国的欢迎”的原因，翻译时可以使用on account of引出理由，避免重复。
　　2.“中国的制造业迅速发展”与“‘中国制造’已经成为一个在全球广受认识的标签”是因果关系，为避免与前面表达原因的短语重复，可以使用短语thanks to...。
　　3.在“尽管全球大量的电子产品和鞋都是中国制造，但这些产品的设计都是在欧美国家完成的”中，“电子产品和鞋”是“制造”的受动者，“设计”是“完成”的受动者，故使用被动语态来翻译。
　　4.最后一句中“希望实现从‘中国制造’到‘中国设计’的转变”可使用现在分词作状语，译作hoping to be transformed from “Made in China” into “Designed in China”。“实现”一词可省略，把汉语原文中的名词“转变”译作动词transform，这样处理句子更简洁。
3. 中国桥梁
请将下面这段话翻译成英文：
　　中国的桥梁建设有着悠久的历史。中国古代桥梁以木材和石头为主要建筑材料,形式多样，极富特色。中国现存最古老的桥梁为隋代建造的安济桥，位于河北省赵县。安济桥又名赵州桥，桥长50.82米，桥宽9米，为国家重点保护的文物(cultural relic)。清朝末年，兰州黄河铁桥建成，标志着中国桥梁建设进入了以钢铁和混凝土(concrete)为主要材料的时期。如今，中国的桥梁建设保持着多项世界记录，中国跻身于世界桥梁建设强国行列。
　　参考翻译:
　　China boasts a long history in bridge construction. With wood and stone as the major building materials, Chinese ancient bridges vary in forms and are highly distinct. Constructed in the Sui Dynasty, Anji Bridge, which is located in Zhao County, Hebei Province is the oldest existing bridge in China. Anji Bridge, also named Zhaozhou Bridge, is a key national protected cultural relic measuring a length of 50.82 meters and a width of 9meters.In the late years of the Qing Dynasty, Huanghe Iron Bridge in Lanzhou was completed, symbolizing that China’s bridge construction stepped into an era of adopting steel and concrete as the main materials for bridges. Now bearing many world records, China stands among world giants in bridge construction.
　　1.第二句中的“以...为主要建筑材料”可处理为状语，用介词短语with...as the major building materials表达，而“中国古代桥梁”宜译为“形式多样，极富特色”的主语，谓语部分“形式多样，极富特色”可处理为并列内容，用and连接，表达为vary in forms and are highly distinct。
　　2.第三句“中国现存最古老的桥梁…位于河北省赵县”的定语较多，可以拆译成两句。首先译出主要结构Anji Bridge is the bridge,“现存最古老的”有两个形容词，英语中的比较级或最高级形容词通常在其他形容词之前，故译为oldest existing。“隋代建造的”可处理为过去分词短语constructed in the Sui Dynasty 或which引导的定语从句。
　　3.第四句的主干是“安济桥为国家重点保护的文物”，故把“又名赵州桥”处理为插入语also named...;将“桥长50.82米，桥宽9米”处理为伴随状态的状语，用分词短语measuring a length of...and a width of...译出。
　　4.倒数第二句中的“兰州黄河铁桥”与“建成”之间是被动关系，翻泽时需把“建成”译为被动式was completed。“标志着中国…”是结果，故可处理为状语，用现在分词短语symbolizing that...表达。定语“以钢铁和混凝土为主要材料的”较长，可处理为后置定语，用现在分词短语adopting...as the main materials表达，也可用介词短语with...as the main materials翻译。
4. 家中度假
请将下面这段话翻译成英文：
　　家中度假(staycation)是指一个人或一家人待在家里休息，或者在离家不远的景点游览的一段时光。人们在家中度假的原因很多，如家庭预算紧张、出游成本不断攀升，或者孩子太小。对于大多数中国人来说。节假日期间景区人山人海，高速公路、城市道路拥堵(congestion)，是促使他们家中度假的两大主要原因。常见的家中度假活动包括在家里招待朋友、游览当地的公园和博物馆，或参与当地一些节日活动等。家中度假也可以丰富多彩，它将成为一种新的度假趋势。
　　参考翻译:
　　A staycation refers to a period in which an individual or a family stays at home for relaxing or takes trips to nearby tourist attractions. There are various reasons for people to take a staycation, like tight family budgets, rising travel costs or having very young kids. For the majority of Chinese people, overcrowded tourist sites, congestion on expressways and city roads during holidays are the two major factors contributing to their staycations. Common activities of a staycation include entertaining friends at home, visiting local parks and museums, and attending local festival colebfations. A staycation can be rich and colorful, and it will become a now trend for vacation.
　　1.第一句话中的主干结构为“家中度假是指...一段时光”，因为定语过长，可将定语处理成which引导的定语从句。
　　2. “如家庭预算紧张、出游成本不断攀升，或者孩子太小”具体列举人们在家中度假的原因，翻译“紧张”、“攀升"和“太小”时可采用“形容词+名词”的结构，即like tight family budgets, rising travel costs or having very young kids，比较符合英文表达习惯。
　　3.在“节假日期间景区人山人海，高速公路、城市道路拥堵，是促使他们家中度假的两大主要原因”一句中，“景区人山人海”和“高速公路、城市道路拥堵”都是主谓短语，可理解成“人山人海的景区”和“拥堵的高速公路、 城市道路”分别译作overcrowded tourist sites和congestion on expressways and city roads，符合英文中多用名词表达的语言特点。
　　4.最后一句由两个分句组成，可译为两个并列句，用连接间and连接。
5. 北京文化
请将下面这段话翻译成英文：
　　人们说，真正的北京文化是胡同(hutong)和四合院(quadrangle courtyard)文化。它们比髙楼大吸引的海内外游客更多。现在，胡同已经成为北京文化的代表，因此对于想了解当地的历史文化的人来说，胡同是首选。胡同是蒙古词，意思是“水井”。在元朝，蒙古人髙度重视水，所以几乎每一个城市社区都围绕一口井设计。直到今天，人们仍然可以在胡同中找到枯井。每条小巷中都有故亊。在古代，它们的名宇是口口相传的，胡同里没有路标(signpost)。直到明、清两代， 胡同的名字才逐渐被书写下来。
　　参考翻译:
　　People say that the real culture of Beijing is the culture of hutong and quadrangle courtyards. They attract more tourists from home and abroad than the high-rise buildings and large mansions. Now hutongs have become representatives of Beijing’s culture; thus it is the first choice for people who would like to learn about the local history and culture. Hutong is a Mongolian word meaning “well”.In the Yuan Dynasty, Mongolians attached great importance to water, so almost every community in the city was designed around a well. Until now, one can still find dry wells in hutongs. Where there is such a lane, there is a story. In ancient times, the names of them were passed from mouth to mouth among people ;there were no signposts in hutongs. It was not until the Ming and Qing Dynasties that the names of hutongs were written down gradually.
　　1.四合院：可译为quadrangle courtyard,也可以用courtyard house或者courtyard表达。
　　2.高楼大厦：此处可译为the high-rise buildings and large mansions,即“高层建筑和大厦”。
　　3.成为...的代表：可译为become representatives of。
　　4.首选：可译为first choice,而best choice则意为“最佳选择”。
　　5.高度重视：可译为attach great importance to。其中importance也可以用much修饰。
　　6.每条小巷中都有故亊：可译为Where there is such a lane, there is a story.地道，又与众不同。
6. 中国国家博物馆
请将下面这段话翻译成英文：
　　中国国家博物馆(the National Museum of China)位于天安门广场东部和东长安街以南，在人民大会堂(the Great Hall of the People)对面。国家博物馆的前身是两个博物馆:中国历史博物馆和中国革命博物馆，二者均在一个建筑群中。国家博物馆和人民大会堂同时完工，都在中国10周岁国庆献礼的“十大建设”之列。中国历史博物馆主要呈现了三个重要时期的中国历史。中国革命博物馆重点关注过去150年的历史，特别是中国共产党的历史。国家博物馆经常更新，以反映现代政治史的发展。
　　参考翻译:
　　The National Museum of China sits to the east of Tiananmen Square and south of East Chang’an Street, opposite to the Great Hall of the People. The predecessors of the National Museum are two museums the Museum of Chinese History and the Museum of Chinese Revolution, which shared the same building complex .Finished at the same time, The National Museum of China and The Great Hall of the People were both among the “Ten Great Constructions” completed for the 10th birthday of the PRC. The Museum of Chinese History displays three critical periods of Chinese history. The Museum of Chinese Revolution focuses on the history of the past 150 years, in particular the history of the Communist Party of China. The National Museum is frequently updated to reflect the developments of modern political history.
　　1.位于:可译为sit to,还可译为lie to。
　　2.在...对面:可译为opposite to...
　　3....的前身:可译为the predecessor of...
　　4.二者均在一个建筑群中:可译为定语从句which shared the same building complex。
　　5.过去150年的历史:可译为 the history of the past 150years。
　　6.特别是:可译为in particular,还可以用especially来表达。
7. 敦煌莫高窟
请将下面这段话翻译成英文：
　　敦煌莫高窟(Mogao Grottoes)通常被人们称为千佛石窟。现今共有492个石窟，其中的壁画覆盖面积达4.5万平方米，包括2415座彩色石雕。尽管经历了几千年的风沙侵蚀，壁画仍保持其鲜艳的色彩且图像清晰可辨。彩色黏土(clay)雕塑和莫高窟壁画诞生于同一时期。随后的几千年，莫高窟经历了重建和完善，也吸收了西方古代艺术的优点，已成为中国艺术珍品中的一颗璀璨明珠。
　　参考翻译：
　　The Dunhuang Mogao Grottoes is also known as the Thousand Buddha caves. In all there are 492 grottoes, with wall paintings covering 45,000 square meters, and containing 2,415 painted stone carvings. In spite of the erosion caused by wind and drifting sand for some thousand years, the murals still keep their bright colors and are clearly discernible. The painted clay figures and the murals in Mogao Caves came into being at the same time. The ensuing thousand years witnessed their recreation, perfection as well as absorption of the merits of western ancient arts. It has become a brilliant pearl in the Chinese art treasure troves.
8. 中国当代文学
请将下面这段话翻译成英文：
中华人民共和国成立后，文学开始繁荣。来自当时的苏联(Soviet Union)和西方国家的作品大大影响了中国文学。这一时期作品的主题包括革命历史和国家建设的新生活。最著名的作品是《红岩》(The Red Rock)和《茶馆》。1978年改革开放后，中国文学又迎来了一次新的繁荣，中外文化交流空前繁荣。今天，中国当代文学也越来越为各国人民所关注。
　　参考翻译:
　　After the founding of People's Republic of China, literature began to boom. Works from Soviet Union then and western countries exerted a profound influence on the Chinese literature. The themes expressed in the works of this period covered revolution history as well as the new life of nation's construction. The best known works are The Red Rock and Teahouse. After the Reform and Opening up in 1978,Chinese literature won anew prosperity with sino-foreign cultural exchanges flourishing as never before. Today, Chinese contemporary literature is drawing more and more attention of the people of the world.
　　1.中华人民共和国成立后，文学开始繁荣：“成立”可译为found,如“创办学校” 可译为found a school。found与动词find(找到)的过去式和过去分词同形，但词义不同，使用时需要注意。此处译作名词形式founding。“开始繁荣”可译为began to boom。
　　2.这一时期作品的主题包括革命历史和国家建设的新生活：这句话的主语可译为the themes expressed in the works of this period。谓语可译为 cover,意思是 “包括，涵盖”。宾语则是“革命历史和国家建设的新生活”，其中“革命历史” 译为revolution history。
　　3.中国文学又迎来了一次新的繁荣，中外文化交流空前繁荣：“迎来”可译为won。“中外文化交流”可译为sino-foreign cultural exchanges。“频繁和深入”可以用 flourishing来表示。
9. 高速铁路
中国五年前根本没有高速铁路。但是现在高铁列车(high-speed trains)的票经常很快就售罄，尽管发车间隔比较短。人们能够很方便地以两倍于美国火车最髙速的速度在全国周游。高速铁路系统的运菅非常成功，它运载的乘客是全国民航 (civil aviation)系统运载的乘客的两倍。中国有世界上最先进的、低排放的快速运输系统之一，而做到这一点仅仅用了五年。
　　参考译文：
　　China didn't have a high-speed rail five years ago. But now the tickets of high-speed trains are usually sold out very quickly, even though the departure interval is quite short. And people can conveniently travel around the nation at a speed that doubles the speed of the fastest American train. The operation of high-speed rail system is very successful; it carries twice as many passengers as the nation's civil aviation system. China has one of the most advanced rapid transit systems with low emissions in the world, and it only takes five years to achieve this.
　　解析：
　　1.但是现在高铁列车的票经常很快就售罄，尽管发车间隔比较短:“售罄”可译 为sell out，意为“卖完了，卖光了”;“发车间隔”译为departure interval。
　　2.人们能够很方便地以两倍于美国火车最高速的速度在全国周游:“以...的速度”可译为at a speed...，speed意为“速度”;“两倍于”即“是...的两倍”，可译为double,也可译为twice。
　　3.高速铁路系统的运营非常成功，它运栽的乘客是全国民航系统运载的乘客的两倍:“运栽”可用carry来表示。“倍数+as+many/much/large等形容词+(比较的内容)+as”为英语中表达倍数时常用的结构，中间的形容词根据比较的内容来定，如比较大小则用as large as,表示“是...的两倍大”则为twice as large as。
10. 慈溪
与后宫(the imperial harem)其他许多女人不同，慈禧(Empress Dowager Cixi) 因读写汉字的能力而受重视。这给她提供了充足的机会来协助生病的皇帝处理国家日常事务。咸丰帝(Xianfeng Emperor)曾多次让慈禧读奏折(palace memorials) 给他听，并让她按照他的意愿在奏折上写批复。因此，慈禧对国家大事十分熟悉，并且从生病的皇帝那儿学会了管理国家的艺术。国内外的历史学家普遍都把她描述成王朝没落的罪人(sinner)。
　　参考译文：
　　Unlike many other women in the imperial harem, Empress Dowager Cixi was known for her ability to read and write. This provided her ample opportunities to help the ailing emperor in daily state governing. On various occasions the Xianfeng Emperor had Cixi read palace memorials for him, and leave comments on the memorials according to his will. As a result, Cixi became well-informed about state affairs, and learned the techniques of state governing from the ailing emperor. Historians both home and abroad have generally portrayed her as a sinner responsible for the fall of the Dynasty.
　　解析：
　　1.与后宫其他许多女人不同，慈禧因读写汉字的能力而受重视:“与……不同”可译为different from或unlike;“因......受重视”可译为be valued for。
　　2.处理国家曰常事务:可翻译为daily state governing。
　　3.咸丰帝曾多次让慈禧读奏折给他听，并让她按他的意愿在奏折上写批复多次 可用on various occasions表达;“让某人做……”可译为have sb. do sth.;“按 照”可译为according to。
　　4.罪人:可翻译为sinner。
11. 股票投资
请将下面这段话翻译成英文：
　　股票价格因为当前的金融危机已大幅度下跌。虽然目前还不肯定是否已见底，但小投资者还是可考虑趁目前的低价买进一些从前遥不可及的蓝筹股。
　　如果你决定投资了，应避免犯以下的错误。
　　参考译文：
　　Stock prices have fallen considerably during the current economic malaise. Although there is the risk stock markets may not have bottomed, the current low stock prices offer an opportunity for retail investors to gradually invest in selected blue chip stocks that may have previously been out of reach.
　　In the event that you decide to invest, here is a list of pitfalls you should avoid.
12. 长江
长江(Yangtze River)仅次于南美洲的亚马逊河(the Amazon River)与非洲的尼罗河(the Nile),是世界第三大河，亚洲第一大河。辽阔的长江流域，资源极为丰富，自古以来是中国最重要的农业经济区。今日长江，以上海为中心的长江三角洲经济区、武汉为中心的华中经济区和重庆为中心的西南经济区为依托，横贯东西，带动南北，成为经济发展的重要基地。多少年来，人们一直赞誉长江流域的四川盆地是“天府之国”，两湖地区是“鱼米之乡”。
　　参考译文：
　　The Yangtze River ranks the longest river in Asia and the third longest river in the world, second only to the Amazon River in South America and the Nile in Africa. There are abundant resources in the vast Yangtze River basin. Since ancient times, the Yangtze River has been China's most important economic zone for agriculture. Today, the Yangtze River has become an important base of economic development across both east to west and north to south, supported by the Yangtze River Delta Economic Zone centered in Shanghai, the Central China Economic Zone centered in Wuhan and the Southwest Economic Zone centered in Chongqing. Over the years, the Sichuan basin along the Yangtze River has been praised as the “Land of Abundance”，while Hubei and Hunan provinces are often called “a land flowing with milk and honey”.
　　解析：
　　1.世界第三大河，亚洲第一大河:即“世界第三长河，亚洲第一长河”，故译为the longest river i