2024-2025劳动力市场和新资调查报告.pdf

A Member-Exclusive Report 16th Edition会员专属报告-第16版Labor Market&Salary Report 劳动力市场和薪资调查报告2024|2025A Member-Exclusive Report 17th Edition会员专属报告-第17版西浦国际商学院助你领先职场西交利物浦大学西浦国际商学院开设各类硕士学位项目和中短期课程，旨在推动终身学习和职业发展，助力企业培养领袖，塑造未来。非全日制硕士项目西浦国际商学院非全日制硕士项目采用申请制，全英文授课，核心课程安排于周末，学制2-3年。毕业生可获得国际认可的英国利物浦大学硕士学位，并可在教育部留学服务中心认证。国际工商管理硕士管理学硕士运营与供应链管理硕士项目管理硕士高管教育西浦国际商学院高管教育结合中英双方母校优势，打通文化脉络，依托行业经验丰富的国际化师资，以及贯穿12个学科领域超过76门的专业课程，提供弹性的课程规划，以满足不同企业和个人的需求。工商管理研修班课程对象：企业中高层管理者、快速成长期企业的企业主、公司选派的委培高管课程目标：在6-8个月内高效学习管理类核心课程，全方位提升围绕可持续发展主题的战略思维和实战能力短期公开课程International Business School Suzhou(IBSS)at XJTLU offers a range of Master and Executive Education programmes to prepare leaders and professionals to cope with the ever-chang-ing business environment,learn emerging analytical tools,and develop a leadership mindset.Part-time Master Degree ProgrammesOur programmes are processed through online applications and are taught 100%in English.The core modules are taught on weekends for 2-3 years.Graduates receive an internationally recognized Masters degree from the University of Liverpool which is certified by the Ministry of Education in China.Executive EducationCombining the strengths of prestigious universities in both China and the UK,we offer the flexible curriculum across more than 76 special-ized courses in 12 academic fields to meet the diverse needs of various enterprises and individuals.Strategy and DevelopmentLeadership Negotiation and Decision Making Organisational ManagementMarketing&SalesOperation and Supply Chain ManagementEconomics and Modern BusinessFinance and AccountingProject ManagementESG and Sustainable Development Digital IntelligencePersonal DevelopmentCustomised Programme Design and deliver high-value executive education programmes tailored to firms across different industries.About IBSS at XJTLUIBSS is the business school of XJTLU,a joint venture of Xian Jiaotong University in China and the University of Liverpool in the UK.IBSS has over 200 staff members and more than 7,500 students from over 60 different countries.IBSS is a Triple Crown Accredited(AACSB,EQUIS and AMBA)business school,offering a unique blend of Western and Chinese academic practices.GET AHEAD IN YOUR CAREER WITH INTERNATIONAL BUSINESS SCHOOL SUZHOU International MBA for ExecutivesMSc Management MSc Operations and Supply Chain ManagementMSc Project Management Managerial Acceleration Programme(MAP)Target:Middle and senior managers,business owners of rapidly growing companies,and company-selected executivesObjective:Efficiently learn core management courses within 6-8 months to comprehensively enhance strategic thinking and practical abilities under the theme of sustainable development.Short-term Open Enrolment Programme战略与发展领导力谈判与策略组织与管理市场营销与销售运营与供应链管理经济与现代商业金融与财会项目管理ESG与可持续发展数智化个人发展定制化课程依照不同行业特点，为企业制定可持续高管培训课程方案。西交利物浦大学西浦国际商学院西浦国际商学院（简称IBSS）隶属于由中国的西安交通大学和英国的利物浦大学联合创办的西交利物浦大学，是全球少数享有盛名的AACSB、AMBA、EQUIS三冠认证的商学院之一。学院拥有逾200名员工和来自60多个不同国家的7500多名学生，通过融合东西方优秀教育传统的最优实践，架设起了中国与世界交流的桥梁。GERMAN CHAMBER OF COMMERCE IN CHINAThe German Chamber of Commerce in China currently has around 2,100 members and is the official member organization for German companies in China.It helps its members to thrive in the Chinese market by providing relevant market intelligence and practical guidance.It offers a platform for the Sino-German business community and advocates for its members interests toward stakeholders,including government bodies and the public.2024 German Chamber of Commerce in China(GCC).No part of this content and publication may be reproduced without prior permission.For further questions,please refer to the provided contact persons.While every reasonable effort is made to ensure that the information provided is accurate,no guarantees for the currency or accuracy of information are made.All material relating to information,products,and services(or to third party information,products and services),is provided as is,without any representation or endorsement made and without 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2024|2025中国德国商会中国德国商会在中国目前拥有大约2100家会员企业，是在华德企官方会员组织。通过提供相关市场情报和实用指南，中国德国商会帮助其会员在中国市场上蓬勃发展。它为中德商业社群提供平台，并代表其会员利益向利益相关者，包括政府机构和公众进行倡导。2024年中国德国商会（GCC）。未经许可，本内容和出版物的任何部分均不得转载。如有其他问题，请联系上述联系人。我们已尽责核对所提供信息的准确性，但对此等信息的及时性和准确性不作任何担保。涉及信息、产品和服务（或第三方信息、产品和服务）的所有材料均“如实”提供，不作背书，不提供任何担保，不保证质量满意、适合特定用途或不侵权，亦不保证其兼容性、安全性以及准确性。发言者、提供者的相关内容由发言者、提供者自行负责。发表观点不代表中国德国商会。因内容或活动素材侵权或版权缺陷遭致损失的，上述机构概不负责。该信息含有链接指向其他网址。此等链接旨在方便您了解更多信息。但不表示我们认可该等网址。对于链接网址的内容，我们不承担任何责任。媒体联系人Carina Mingle 媒体公关部高级总监+86-10-6539-6670 mingle.carinachina.ahk.de了解更多报告信息，请联系刘晨曦经济分析师+86-21-5081-2266liu.aurorachina.ahk.de劳动力市场和薪资调查报告2024|202542024|2025Labor Market&Salary ReportContentExecutive SummaryI.Labor Market Environment1.1.Chinese Economy1.2.Total Unemployment Rate1.3.Youth Unemployment RateII.Wage Developments in China2.1.Wage Growth 2.2.Minimum Wages and Wage GuidelinesIII.Survey Results1.Effective and Expected Wage Developments at German Companies2.Detailed Wage Developments3.Wage Levels4.Labor Costs5.HR and Recruitment Challenges6.Foreign Employees7.Employee Turnover and Additional HR Data8.About the Survey9.Profile of ContributorsIV.Compensation Data1.Introduction2.Wages and Wage Increases3.Segmentation Variables4.Region5.East6.North7.South and Southwest8.City Tier9.Industry10.Company Size11.Total Cost per Employee:Median and PercentilesV.DefinitionsVI.References68888101014181818232831333536364040424243475155599299106109113To access specific compensation data,please contact:Ms.Aurora LiuEconomic AnalystGerman Chamber of Commerce in China|Shanghai+86-21-5081-2266 liu.aurorachina.ahk.deCONTACT劳动力市场和薪资调查报告52024|202579999111115191919242932343737374141435657647178859299106110113目录内容摘要I.劳动力市场环境1.1.中国经济1.2.中国整体失业率1.3.青年失业率II.中国工资增长状况2.1.薪资增长状况2.2.最低工资及工资指导线III.调查结果1.在华德企实际和预期薪资变化2.详细薪资变化3.薪资水平4.劳动力成本5.人力资源和招聘挑战6.外籍员工7.员工流动和其它HR数据8.关于本次调查9.受访企业简况IV.薪酬数据1.简介2.薪资和薪资涨幅3.细分变量4.地区5.华东及华中6.华北及东北7.华南和西南8.城市分级9.行业10.企业规模11.每位员工总成本：中位数和百分数V.定义VI.参考文件更详细的薪酬数据，请联系：刘晨曦经济分析师中国德国商会|上海+86-21-5081-2266 liu.aurorachina.ahk.de62024|2025Labor Market&Salary Report ForeignForeign EmployeesEmployees:The proportion of companies hiring foreigners has been declining and reached 65%in 2024.This represents a significant drop of almost 20 pared to that in 2017.The proportion fell below 50%for the first time in small companies(43.6%)(Figure ES.4).The prime reason for replacing expatriate staff with local staff was wage level.EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ExpectedExpected SalarySalary in in ChinaChina:The projected wage growth development for German companies in China has been on a downward trajectory,and the trend continues its descent with an expected growth rate of 3.81%in 2025,marking the first projection below 4%(excluding the anticipation for 2021 made in 2020,when the initial outbreak of COVID-19 created uncertainty).The 2025 forecast is 0.68 Percentage Point(p.p.)below 2024s expectation(Figure ES.1).EffectiveEffective SalarySalary in in ChinaChina:Similar to last year,the effective salary increase didnt meet the initial expectation.In 2024,effective salaries experienced an average growth rate of 3.9%,0.59 p.p.below the initial expectation of 4.49%(Figure ES.2).Wage LevelsWage Levels:The median Total Cost per Employee(TCE)continues to rise and is currently at CNY 19,100/month in 2024.Production workers,junior and mid-level professionals present median compensation values below Chinas median TCE and their TCE saw a minor increase compared to 2023.Figure ES.1:Expected Wage Growth Development at German Companies in China 2015-2025,Nominal Growth,in%8.17.16.235.95.995.533.794.914.884.493.812015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 2023 2024 2025The expected wage growth is the average of all the individual positions expected wage growth collected in the survey.In 2024,with a total of 446 companies and 46 different roles,the number of observations collected totaled 5,935.Figure ES.2:Expected and Effective Wage Increases in China 2024-2025,in%4.493.903.81Expected 2024Effective 2024Expected 2025Figure ES.4 Share of Companies Employing ForeignersCompany Size by Number of Employees,in%80.877.276.274.173.674.269.565.071.463.262.458.359.656.958.943.684.079.977.878.173.677.870.868.889.994.490.689.289.489.382.681.040%50%60%70%80%90%100%2017201820192020202120222023202418,878 12,000 11,200 17,352 35,000 86,300 120,000 19,10012,700 11,500 18,000 35,000 66,800 113,453 CHINAProductionWorkersJuniorMid-LevelSeniorDeputyGM/BMCEO/GMFigure ES.3:Comparison of Wage Level by Production Workers,Level of Seniority&Senior ManagementTotal Cost per Employee/Month,in CNYDeputy GM/BM:Deputy General Manager/Branch Manager.CEO/GM:Chief Executive Officer/General Manager/Managing Director.20232024On the other hand,Deputy General Managers/Branch Managers receive a median TCE of CNY 66,800/month,representing a decrease of around CNY 20,000/month.Meanwhile,the TCE of CEOs/General Managers stands at CNY 113,435/month,a decrease of around CNY 6,500/month(Figure ES.3).Greater than 250Less than 50CHINA50-250劳动力市场和薪资调查报告72024|2025 外籍员工被当地员工取代：在华德企中雇佣外籍员工的公司比例一直在下降，2024年仅有65%。与2017年相比，此比例大幅下降了近20个百分点。在小型企业中，该比例首次降至50%以下（43.6%）（图 ES.4）。用本地员工取代外籍员工的主要原因是工资水平。内容摘要 预期薪资涨幅：在华德企预期的预期薪资涨幅一直呈现下降趋势，并且这种趋势目前仍在持续，2025年的预计薪资涨幅为3.81，首次低于4（除了2020年疫情初次爆发时不确定性引起的对2021年的预期较低的特例之外）。这一预期比2024年的预期薪资涨幅低0.68个百分点（图ES.1)。实际薪资涨幅：与去年相同，2024年的实际薪资涨幅也未能达到先前的预期。2024年，实际薪资涨幅平均增长率为3.9%，比最初预期的4.49%低了0.59个百分点（图ES.2）。图 ES.1：在华德企预期薪资涨幅状况2015-2025年，名义涨幅，（单位：%）4.493.903.812024年预期2024年实际2025年预期图ES.2:中国预期薪资与实际薪资涨幅2024-2025年，单位：%预期薪资涨幅是调查中测得的所有单个职位的预期薪资涨幅的平均值。2024年，共有46个不同的特定职位，收集到的观察数据共计5,935个。8.17.16.235.95.995.533.794.914.884.493.812015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 2023 2024 2025图 ES.4 外籍员工所占平均百分比企业规模（按公司员工划分），单位：%，占员工总数的百分比超过250人50人以下中国50250 人188781200011200173523500086300120000191001270011500180003500066800113453图 ES.3:在华德企的薪资水平（按产业工人、资历级别和高级管理层细分）2024年每位员工总成本 单位：元/月20232024 薪资水平：每位员工成本的中位数持续上涨，2024年的中位数为19100元/月。生产工人、初级和中级专业人员的薪酬中位数低于全国的薪酬中位数，与2023年相比，他们的薪酬中位数略有上升。另一方面，副总经理/分公司经理的薪酬中位数为66800元/月，与去年相比减少了约20000元/月。同时，首席执行官/总经理的每位员工成本为113435元/月，减少了约 6500元人民币/月（图 ES.3）。80.877.276.274.173.674.269.565.071.463.262.458.359.656.958.943.684.079.977.878.173.677.870.868.889.994.490.689.289.489.382.681.040%50%60%70%80%90%100%2017201820192020202120222023202482024|2025Labor Market&Salary ReportI.LABOR MARKET ENVIRONMENT1.1 Chinese EconomyChinas economy demonstrated a mixed performance in the first half of 2024,with Gross Domestic Product(GDP)growth declining from 5.3%in the first quarter to 4.7%in the second quarter,resulting in an overall expansion of 5%for the first half of the year to reach CNY 61.68 trillion(National Bureau of Statistics,2024a).This overall growth rate aligns with the governments annual target,despite the evident slowdown in the second quarter.Industrial output grew by 6%,while retail sales rose by 3.7%.Fixed-asset investment expanded by 3.9%compared to the previous year(National Bureau of Statistics,2024b).While these indicators show resilience,challenges remain in sustaining growth momentum and balancing development across sectors amid global economic uncertainties.Nevertheless,the German Chambers Flash Survey 1 implemented in June 2024 suggests a degree of renewed optimism in the Chinese market,with 29%of respondents expecting an improved business environment-a significant 8 p.p.increase compared to the previous year.As China focuses on research and development in its pursuit of an innovation-driven economy,these economic trends and evolving business sentiments are likely to influence the job market,particularly in technology-related sectors.1.2 Total Unemployment RateIn 2024,Chinas employment situation was stable,as demonstrated by a slight improvement in urban surveyed employment rates.As reported,the average urban surveyed unemployment rate for the first half of 2024 was 5.1%(National Bureau of Statistics,2024c),marking a 0.1 p.p.decrease compared to the first quarter and a 0.2 p.p.decrease compared to the same period last year.Figure 1.1:GDP Growth Development2017-2024H1*,GDP in CNY Billion and Growth Rate in%*2024 H1 represents first half of the year 2024 Source:National Bureau of Statistics.832,036919,281986,5151,013,5671,143,6701,210,2071,260,582616,8366.96.76.02.28.13.05.25.00%2%4%6%8%10%12%14%16%0200,000400,000600,000800,0001,000,0001,200,0001,400,00020172018201920202021202220232024 H1GDPGDP Growth Rate0%5%10%15%20%25%Urban Unemployment Rate of the Population Aged from 16 to 24National Urban Unemployment RateSource:National Bureau of Statistics.*In June 2023,the state government suspended releasing its national youth unemployment rates.The data was resumed publishing in December 2023;however,relevant metrics were adjusted,which excluded students from the sample.Figure 1.2:Chinas Total Unemployment Rate vs.Youth Unemployment RateJanuary-December 2020-June 2024,in%MayJanSepDec202021.35.014.9MayJanSepDec2021MayJanSepDec2022MayJanSepDec2023MayJanJun20241.3 Youth Unemployment RateIn June 2023,the youth unemployment rate(aged 16-24)reached a record high of 21.3%,after which the government suspended its release.In January 2024,the government resumed publishing the data,using a revised methodology that excludes school students(National Bureau of Statistics,2024d).Under this new metric,the youth unemployment rate was 14.9%(National Bureau of Statistics,2024e)in December 2023,still about three times the overall unemployment rate.The government aims to address this issue through various measures,including promoting employment opportunities and providing support for young job seekers(Figure1.2).劳动力市场和薪资调查报告92024|2025I.劳动力市场环境1.1 中国经济2024 年上半年，中国经济呈现出了不同的发展情况，国内生产总值（GDP）增速从第一季度的 5.3%放缓至第二季度的4.7%，上半年总体GDP增速为5%，达到61.68万亿元人民币（国家统计局，2024a）。尽管第二季度增速明显放缓，但这一总体增速与政府的年度目标一致。（2024上半年），工业产值同比增长6%，零售额同比增长3.7%，固定资产投资同比增长3.9%（国家统计局，2024b）。虽然这些指标显示了经济的韧性，但在全球经济不确定的情况下，保持增长势头和平衡各行业均衡发展仍充满挑战。然而，中国德国商会于2024年6月实施的“快讯调查”1表明，中国市场在一定程度上重新恢复了乐观，29%的受访企业预计中国的商业环境将有所改善，与上一年相比大幅增长了8个百分点。随着中国在追求创新驱动型经济的过程中更加注重研发，这些经济趋势和不断变化的商业情绪很可能会影响就业市场，尤其是与技术相关的行业。随着中国更加重视研发和发展创新驱动经济，这些经济趋势和不断变化的商业情绪很可能会影响就业市场，尤其是技术相关行业。1.2 中国整体城镇调查失业率2024年，中国就业形势稳中向好，城镇调查失业率略有下